Omar Hassan Ahmad al-Bashir is a Sudanese former military officer and politician who served as Sudan's head of state under various titles from 1989 until 2019, when he was deposed in a coup d'état. He was subsequently incarcerated, tried and convicted on multiple corruption charges. He came to power in 1989 when, as a brigadier general in the Sudanese Army, he led a group of officers in a military coup that ousted the democratically elected government of prime minister Sadiq al-Mahdi after it began negotiations with rebels in the south; he subsequently replaced President Ahmed al-Mirghani as head of state. He was elected three times as president in elections that have been under scrutiny for electoral fraud. In 1992, al-Bashir founded the National Congress Party, which remained the dominant political party in the country until 2019. In March 2009, al-Bashir became the first sitting head of state to be indicted by the International Criminal Court (ICC), for allegedly directing a campaign of mass killing, rape, and pillage against civilians in Darfur. On 11 February 2020, the Government of Sudan announced that it had agreed to hand over al-Bashir to the ICC for trial.
The National Congress Party was a major political party of ousted President Omar Al-Bashir, it dominated domestic politics in Sudan from its foundation until it was dissolved following the Sudanese Revolution.
Syria has had various constitutions, the first being the Syrian Constitution of 1930. The most recent constitution was in force from 26 Februrary 2012 until the fall of the Assad regime on 8 December 2024. A new constitution will be drafted by the Syrian Transitional Government by 2025.
The prime minister of Syria is the head of the cabinet of Syria. The position of prime minister is currently the head of the Syrian transitional government since the Fall of the Assad regime.
The Cabinet of Syria was first constituted in the Syrian Constitution of 1930. Following the Fall of the Assad regime on 8 December 2024, Syria is currently undergoing a political transition, with Mohammed al-Bashir leading a Syrian Transitional Government.
The government of Syria is currently in a transitional period led by the Syrian Transitional Government. The seat of the government is located in Damascus, Syria. The previous government consisted of a President, a Prime Minister, and a legislative council with 250 seats.
The Syrian Salvation Government was a de facto unrecognized quasi-state in Syria formed in November 2017 by Hayʼat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) and other Syrian opposition groups during the Syrian civil war. It controlled much of northwest Syria, and had an estimated population of over 4,000,000 in 2023. Its de facto capital was Idlib.
The Sudanese revolution was a major shift of political power in Sudan that started with street protests throughout Sudan on 19 December 2018 and continued with sustained civil disobedience for about eight months, during which the 2019 Sudanese coup d'état deposed President Omar al-Bashir on 11 April after thirty years in power, 3 June Khartoum massacre took place under the leadership of the Transitional Military Council (TMC) that replaced al-Bashir, and in July and August 2019 the TMC and the Forces of Freedom and Change alliance (FFC) signed a Political Agreement and a Draft Constitutional Declaration legally defining a planned 39-month phase of transitional state institutions and procedures to return Sudan to a civilian democracy.
A coup d'état took place in Sudan in the late afternoon on 11 April 2019, when President Omar al-Bashir was overthrown by the Sudanese Armed Forces after popular protests demanded his departure. At that time, the army, led by Ahmed Awad Ibn Auf, toppled the government and National Legislature and declared a state of emergency in the country for a period of 3 months, followed by a transitional period of two years before an agreement was reached later.
The second government of Hussein Arnous was formed after appointment by the President of Syria on 10 August 2021 and took the oath of office on 14 August 2021, after the presidential election held in May. This replaced the caretaker ministry formed in July. The government was the 95th since Syria gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1918 and it was the eighth during the presidency of Bashar al-Assad.
Mohammad Ghazi al-Jalali is a Syrian politician and civil engineer who served as the 69th prime minister of Syria from 14 September to 9 December 2024. He is the last person to serve as Prime Minister of Syria under president Bashar al-Assad and of the Syrian Arab Republic.
Mohammed al-Bashir is a Syrian politician and engineer who currently serves as the 70th prime minister of Syria. He has led the Syrian Transitional Government since 10 December 2024, which was formed after the fall of the Assad regime, and succeeds Mohammad Ghazi al-Jalali in his role. Al-Bashir also served as the 5th prime minister of the Syrian Salvation Government, the civilian administration of the Sunni Islamist organisation Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), between his election on 13 January 2024 and appointment as transitional prime minister.
After the fall of the Assad regime and exile of former Syrian president Bashar al-Assad, a Syrian transitional government was installed in Damascus by the Syrian opposition. On 8 December 2024, hours after the opposition victory, Mohammad Ghazi al-Jalali, the outgoing prime minister of Syria, agreed to lead the transitional government in a caretaker capacity. He transferred power to Mohammed al-Bashir, prime minister of the Syrian Salvation Government, the next day. On 10 December, the transitional administration announced that it will last until 1 March 2025, with all ministers from the Syrian Salvation Government taking up their same posts in the new transitional government.
Mohammad Abdul Rahman is the current Minister of Interior in the Syrian Salvation Government for the government's sixth term since 2022 and the Minister of Interior in the Syrian transitional government since December 2024.
Shadi Mohammad al-Waisi is the current Minister of Justice in the Syrian Salvation Government in the sixth term of the government since 2022. and the Minister of Justice in the Syrian transitional government since December 2024.
Basel Abdul Aziz is the current Minister of Economy and Resources in the Syrian Salvation Government and, since December 2024, the Minister of Economy and Foreign Trade in the Syrian transitional government.
Mohammad Taha al-Ahmad is the current Minister of Agriculture and Irrigation in the Syrian Salvation Government, and, since December 2024, Minister of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform in the Syrian Transitional Government.
Mohammad Yaqoub al-Omar is the current Minister of information in the Syrian Salvation Government, serving in its seventh term. and, since 2024, Minister of information in the Syrian Transitional Government.
Hussam Haj Hussein is the Minister of Religious Endowments and Guidance in the Syrian Salvation Government since the fourth term of the government in 2021, continuing through its fifth and sixth terms, and, since December 2024, Minister of Endowments in the Syrian Transitional Government.
Nazir Mohammad al-Qadri is a Syrian politician and educator currently serving as the Minister of Education in the Syrian Salvation Government and, since December 2024, the Minister of Education in the Syrian Transitional Government.
