| Niorma hosseusiana | |
|---|---|
 | |
| in Peru | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Teloschistales |
| Family: | Teloschistaceae |
| Genus: | Niorma |
| Species: | N. hosseusiana |
| Binomial name | |
| Niorma hosseusiana | |
| Synonyms [1] | |
| |
Niorma hosseusiana is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), fruticose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. [2] It is found in South America.
The species was first formally described in 1942 by Hungarian lichenologist Vilmos Kőfaragó-Gyelnik, as a member of genus Teloschistes . The type specimens were collected from Argentina. The taxon was transferred to the newly resurrected genus Niorma by Sergey Kondratyuk and colleagues in 2013. [3]
Niorma hosseusiana has a fruticose (shrub-like) thallus that is densely branched and measures approximately 10–15 mm (0.4–0.6 in) in diameter. This lichen adopts a pulvinate (cushion-shaped) to slightly rising form. Its main lobes are flattened and clearly dorsiventral (having distinct upper and lower sides), with widths ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 mm. [4]
The upper side of the thallus is flat and possesses a matte, orange-yellow hue, though occasionally it can appear more greyish-yellow. This surface is smooth, frequently marked with striations, and lacks both a hairy ( tomentose ) texture and powdery coating ( pruinose ). The species does not display soralia or isidia, structures associated with reproduction in some lichens. [4]
The lichen's underside is mostly devoid of a protective outer layer (decorticate), presenting a flat to channel-like ( canaliculate ) appearance. It ranges in colour from grey to a faint greyish-yellow, with longitudinal striations that sometimes form a net-like pattern. This underside does not have hairs (rhizines). All branches of this lichen are densely surrounded at their edges by mostly straight fibrils, which can vary in colour from grey to yellow. Some fibrils may even have dark tips. [4]
Niorma hosseusiana has numerous apothecia (disk-shaped structures for reproduction). These are located at the ends of the lichen's branches and can either sit directly on the thallus (sessile) or have a small stalk (substipitate). Their size ranges from 1–2.5 mm in diameter. The central disk of the apothecium is either flat or slightly concave, displaying an orange-red colour without a powdery coating. Its underside is coarse, featuring a texture that varies from granular to net-like, and its colour spans from pale yellow to grey. The edge or margin of the apothecium is pronounced and usually smooth, though on rare occasions, it can appear slightly granular. This margin does not have fibrils. [4]
Inside the apothecium, the asci measure approximately 65–70 by 12–15 μm. The ascospores have a polaribilocular (two-chambered) structure and an ellipsoid shape, with sizes averaging 11–15 by 4–8 μm. [4]
The Teloschistaceae are a large family of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. Many members of the Teloschistaceae are readily identifiable by their vibrant orange to yellow hue, a result of its frequent anthraquinone content. The presence of these anthraquinone pigments, which confer protection from ultraviolet light, enabled this group to expand from shaded forest habitats to harsher environmental conditions of sunny and arid ecosystems during the Late Cretaceous. Collectively, the family has a cosmopolitan distribution, although members occur predominantly in subtropical and temperate regions. Although most members either live on rock or on bark, about 40 species are lichenicolous–meaning they live on other lichens.
Neobrownliella brownlieae is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is widely distributed in Australia.
Fulgogasparrea decipioides is a species of lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Gangwon Province, South Korea. This species was originally described in 2011by Ulf Arup as a member of the large genus Caloplaca. The specific epithet decipioides refers to its similarity with Caloplaca decipiens. Arup and colleagues transferred it to genus Wetmoreana in 2013, before it was again transferred to Fulgogasparrea that same year, a genus in which it is the type species.
Jan Eric Ingvar Kärnefelt is a Swedish lichenologist.
Gallowayella is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has 15 species. The genus was circumscribed in 2012 by Sergey Kondratyuk, Natalya Fedorenko, Soili Stenroos, Ingvar Kärnefelt, Jack Elix, and Arne Thell, with Gallowayella coppinsii assigned as the type species. The generic name honours New Zealand lichenologist David John Galloway (1942–2014).
Igneoplaca is a genus in the subfamily Xanthorioideae of the family Teloschistaceae. It contains a single species, the crustose lichen Igneoplaca ignea.
Fulgogasparrea is a genus of crustose lichens in the subfamily Xanthorioideae of the family Teloschistaceae. It has five species. The genus was circumscribed in 2013, with Fulgogasparrea decipioides assigned as the type species; this lichen had originally been formally described as a species of Caloplaca, and then a couple of years later transferred to Wetmoreana. Six are credited with authorship of the genus: Sergey Kondratyuk, Jeong Min-hye, Ingvar Kärnefelt, John Alan Elix, Arne Thell, and Jae-Seoun Hur. The genus name alludes to the resemblance of the type species with both of the Teloschistaceae genera Fulgensia and Gasparrinia.
Brownliella is a genus of crustose lichens in the subfamily Brownlielloideae of the family Teloschistaceae. It has four species. The genus was circumscribed in 2013 by Sergey Kondratyuk, Ingvar Kärnefelt, John Elix, Arne Thell, and Jae-Seoun Hur, with the widely distributed lichen Brownliella aequata assigned as the type species. The genus contains species formerly referred to as the Caloplaca cinnabarina species group. The generic name honours Australian botanist Sue Brownlie.
Kaernefia is a genus of crustose lichens in the family Teloschistaceae. It has three species, found in Australia or South Africa.
Filsoniana is a genus of squamulose lichens in the family Teloschistaceae. It has six species. It was circumscribed in 2013 by Ingvar Kärnefelt, Arne Thell, Jae-Seoun Hur, Sergey Kondratyuk, and John Elix following a molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Teloschistaceae. The generic name honours Australian lichenologist Rex Filson, "in recognition of his contribution to lichenology, in particular to the lichen flora of Australia".
Huneckia is a genus of crustose lichens in the subfamily Caloplacoideae of the family Teloschistaceae. It has four species.
Gallowayella aphrodites is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), foliose (leafy) lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in the Mediterranean countries Greece, Cyprus, and Italy. Characteristics of the lichen include its small thallus, the disposition of the rhizines on the thallus undersurface, and the lack of vegetative propagules.
Neobrownliella is a genus of crustose lichens in the subfamily Teloschistoideae of the family Teloschistaceae. It has five species. The genus was circumscribed in 2015 by lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk, Jack Elix, Ingvar Kärnefelt, and Arne Thell, with Neobrownliella brownlieae assigned as the type species. It is a segregate of the large genus Caloplaca. Characteristics of Neobrownliella include a thallus that is continuous or areolate, the presence of anthraquinones as lichen products, a cortical layer with a palisade paraplectenchyma, and the lack of a thick palisade cortical layer on the underside of the thalline exciple. Two species were included in the original circumscription of the genus; an additional three species were added in 2020.
Golubkovia is a single-species genus in the family Teloschistaceae. It contains the species Golubkovia trachyphylla, a crustose lichen. The genus was circumscribed in 2014 by Sergey Kondratyuk, Ingvar Kärnefelt, John Elix, Arne Thell, and Jae-Seoun Hur. The generic name honours Russian lichenologist Nina Golubkova (1932–2009), who, according to the authors, "made important contributions to lichenology in northern Eurasia".
Wetmoreana is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has two crustose, saxicolous (rock-dwelling) species.
Gallowayella hasseana, the poplar sunburst lichen, is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It occurs in North America.
Tassiloa is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has two species.
Fulgogasparrea appressa is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It has a widespread distribution in western Mexico, including Baja California. It is characterized by its vibrant colors, unique shape, and specific habitat preferences.
Niorma is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has six fruticose species, with N. derelicta assigned as the type species. The genus was originally proposed by Italian lichenologist Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo in 1861, but this and several other genera he proposed were largely ignored by later contemporaries. As part of a molecular phylogenetics-led restructuring of the teloschistoid clade of the subfamily Xanthorioideae in the Teloschistaceae, Sergey Kondratyuk and colleagues resurrected the genus for use about 150 years later. Genus Niorma comprises what was previously known as a species complex centred around the taxon previously known as Teloschistes hypoglaucus.
Elixjohnia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has four species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens that occur in Australasia.