Nymphaea macrosperma

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Nymphaea macrosperma
Nymphaeaceae Nymphaea macrosperma 1.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Order: Nymphaeales
Family: Nymphaeaceae
Genus: Nymphaea
Subgenus: Nymphaea subg. Anecphya
Species:
N. macrosperma
Binomial name
Nymphaea macrosperma
Synonyms [2]
  • Nymphaea dictyophlebia Merr. & L.M.Perry

Nymphaea macrosperma is an annual or perennial, aquatic, rhizomatous herb in the family Nymphaeaceae [3] native to Australia [2] and New Guinea. [4] [2]

Contents

Description

Vegetative characteristics

It is an annual [3] or perennial, [3] [5] aquatic, rhizomatous herb [3] with globular rhizomes without stolons. [6] The glabrous, [5] orbicular, elliptic [6] or suborbicular leaves [7] with a dentate margin [5] [8] are 17–38 cm long, and 15–31 cm wide. [5] The abaxial leaf surface has a strong midrib and 6 palmately arranged primary veins, which are reticulate towards the leaf margin. [7] The petioles are up to 2.5 m long, and 2-4 mm wide. [5]

Generative characteristics

The 6–7 cm wide, [7] diurnal flowers extend above the water surface. [8] The four [7] [6] oblong sepals with a rounded apex [7] are 25-55 mm long, and 9-25 mm wide. [5] The 10–18 [5] (–22) [6] white, blue, or purple, [5] oblanceolate to spathulate petals [6] have an obtuse apex. [5] There is a conspicuous gap between petals and stamens. [6] [7] The androecium consists of 150–200 stamens. The gynoecium consists of 10–13 carpels. [5] The 4 cm wide fruit [6] bears oblong to ovoid, [7] hairy, 3–4.5 mm long, and 2–3 mm wide seeds. [6]

Taxonomy

Publication

It was published by Elmer Drew Merrill and Lily May Perry in 1942. [7] [2] In the same publication, the species was described a second time as Nymphaea dictyophlebiaMerr. & L.M.Perry, which is a synonym of Nymphaea macrospermaMerr. & L.M.Perry. [9] [2]

Type specimen

The type specimen was collected by LJ Brass in Lake Daviumbu, New Guinea (British New Guinea) in August 1936. [10]

Position within Nymphaea

It is placed in Nymphaea subgenus Anecphya. [11]

Etymology

The specific epithet macrosperma means large-seeded. [12] [13]

Ecology

Habitat

It occurs in up to 2.5 m deep [5] stagnant or flowing water [3] in lagoons, [7] swamps, [5] [7] billabongs, and drainage channels on clay substrates. It can occur in slightly brackish water. [5]

Conservation

The NCA status of Nymphaea macrosperma is Special Least Concern (SL). [1] Under the Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016, it is classified as Not threatend. [3]

Uses

The plant is a traditional Aboriginal bushfood. [14] The seeds are usually described as "sweet like a pea" and are eaten for lunch. [15]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nymphaeaceae</span> Family of plants

Nymphaeaceae is a family of flowering plants, commonly called water lilies. They live as rhizomatous aquatic herbs in temperate and tropical climates around the world. The family contains five genera with about 70 known species. Water lilies are rooted in soil in bodies of water, with leaves and flowers floating on or rising from the surface. Leaves are oval and heart-shaped in Barclaya. Leaves are round, with a radial notch in Nymphaea and Nuphar, but fully circular in Victoria and Euryale.

<i>Victoria</i> (plant) Genus of aquatic plants

Victoria or giant waterlily is a genus of aquatic herbs in the plant family Nymphaeaceae. Its leaves have a remarkable size: Victoria boliviana produces leaves up to 3.2 metres (10 ft) in width. The genus name was given in honour of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.

<i>Nymphaea</i> Genus of aquatic plants

Nymphaea is a genus of hardy and tender aquatic plants in the family Nymphaeaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution. Many species are cultivated as ornamental plants, and many cultivars have been bred. Some taxa occur as introduced species where they are not native, and some are weeds. Plants of the genus are known commonly as water lilies, or waterlilies in the United Kingdom. The genus name is from the Greek νυμφαία, nymphaia and the Latin nymphaea, which means "water lily" and were inspired by the nymphs of Greek and Latin mythology.

<i>Nymphaea mexicana</i> Species of aquatic plant

Nymphaea mexicana is a species of aquatic plant that is native to the Southern United States and Mexico as far south as Michoacán. Common names include yellow water lily, Mexican water lily and banana water lily.

<i>Nymphaea ondinea</i> Species of water lily

Nymphaea ondinea is an aquatic plant in the family Nymphaeaceae native to northwestern Australia.

<i>Nymphaea thermarum</i> Species of water lily

Nymphaea thermarum, also known as Pygmy Rwandan water lily, is a species of water lily that is endemic to Rwanda. Once thought to be extinct in the wild, all wild plants were believed to be lost due to destruction of its native habitat, but it was thought to be saved from extinction when it was grown from seed at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew in 2009. A previously-unknown wild population was discovered in 2023.

<i>Nymphaea rudgeana</i> Species of water lily

Nymphaea rudgeana is a species of waterlily native to the region spanning from Mexico to tropical South America.

<i>Nymphaea atrans</i> Species of water lily

Nymphaea atrans is a species of waterlily is endemic to Queensland, Australia.

<i>Nymphaea carpentariae</i> Species of water lily

Nymphaea carpentariae is a species of waterlily native to Queensland and Western Australia.

<i>Nymphaea georginae</i> Species of water lily

Nymphaea georginae is a species of waterlily native to the Northern Territory, and the state of Queensland, Australia.

<i>Nymphaea hastifolia</i> Species of water lily

Nymphaea hastifolia is a species of waterlily native to the Northern Territory, and Western Australia.

<i>Nymphaea immutabilis</i> Species of water lily

Nymphaea immutabilis is a species of waterlily native to Western Australia, the Northern Territory, and Queensland, Australia.

<i>Nymphaea jacobsii</i> Species of water lily

Nymphaea jacobsii is a species of waterlily endemic to Queensland, Australia.

<i>Nymphaea kakaduensis</i> Species of water lily

Nymphaea kakaduensis is a species of waterlily endemic to the Northern Territory, Australia.

<i>Nymphaea kimberleyensis</i> Species of water lily

Nymphaea kimberleyensis is a species of waterlily endemic to Western Australia.

<i>Nymphaea loriana</i> Species of water lily

Nymphaea loriana is a species of waterlily endemic to Manitoba, and Saskatchewan, Canada.

<i>Nymphaea <span style="font-style:normal;">subg.</span> Anecphya</i> Subgenus of flowering plants

Nymphaea subg. Anecphya is a subgenus of the genus Nymphaea.

<i>Nymphaea <span style="font-style:normal;">subg.</span> Confluentes</i> Subgenus of flowering plants

Nymphaea subg. Confluentes is a subgenus of the genus Nymphaea.

<i>Trithuria bibracteata</i> Species of aquatic plant

Trithuria bibracteata is a species of aquatic plant in the family Hydatellaceae endemic to Western Australia.

<i>Nymphaea ondinea <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> petaloidea</i> Species of water lily

Nymphaea ondinea subsp. petaloidea is a subspecies of Nymphaea ondinea native to the Northern Territory, and Western Australia.

References

  1. 1 2 Queensland Government. (2022i, March 8). Species profile—Nymphaea macrosperma. Retrieved February 1, 2024, from https://apps.des.qld.gov.au/species-search/details/?id=13387
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "Nymphaea macrosperma Merr. & L.M.Perry". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 11 January 2024.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Western Australian Herbarium & Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions. (n.d.-b). Nymphaea macrosperma Merr. & L.M.Perry. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora. Retrieved December 2, 2024, from https://florabase.dbca.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/19830
  4. Missouri Botanical Garden. (n.d.-f). Nymphaea macrosperma Merr. & L.M. Perry. Tropicos. Retrieved December 2, 2024, from http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/50265123
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Northern Territory Government. (n.d.). Nymphaea macrosperma Merr. & L.M.Perry. FloraNT. Retrieved December 2, 2024, from https://eflora.nt.gov.au/factsheet?id=3999
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 S.W.L. Jacobs & C.L. Porter. Nymphaea macrosperma, in (ed.), Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water: Canberra. https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Nymphaea%20macrosperma [Date Accessed: 03 December 2024]
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Merrill, Elmer D., & Perry, Lily M. (1942). Plantae Papuanae Archboldianae, X. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum, 23(4), 383--416. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.185463
  8. 1 2 Breukel, H. (n.d.). Nymphaea macrosperma Merr. & L.M. Perry. Seerosenforum.de Das Portal Der Seerose. Retrieved February 1, 2024, from https://www.seerosenforum.de/gattung/Anecphya/Macrosperma/Macrosperma.aspx
  9. Jacobs, S. W. L. (1992). "New species, lectotypes and synonyms of Australasian Nymphaea (Nymphaeaceae)." Telopea, 4(4), 635-641.
  10. Type of Nymphaea macrosperma Merr. & L.M.Perry [family NYMPHAEACEAE]. (n.d.). JSTOR. Retrieved February 1, 2024, from https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.l0038664
  11. Löhne, C., Borsch, T., Jacobs, S. W., Hellquist, C. B., & Wiersema, J. H. (2008). "Nuclear and plastid DNA sequences reveal complex reticulate patterns in Australian water-lilies (Nymphaea subgenus Anecphya, Nymphaeaceae)." Australian Systematic Botany, 21(4), 229-250.
  12. Crataegus macrosperma (large-seeded hawthorn): Go Botany. (n.d.). Native Plant Trust. Retrieved February 1, 2024, from https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/crataegus/macrosperma/
  13. Bayton, R. (2020). Practical Uses of Botanical Latin. In The Gardener's Botanical: An Encyclopedia of Latin Plant Names - with More than 5,000 Entries (pp. 22-318). Princeton: Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691209135-007
  14. Australian Food Standards, Water lily seed pod analysis
  15. "Part 1". In the Bush with Malcolm Douglas. Season 1. 7 February 2009.