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The geometer moths are moths belonging to the family Geometridae of the insect order Lepidoptera, the moths and butterflies. Their scientific name derives from the Ancient Greek geo γῆ or γαῖα "the earth", and metron μέτρον "measure" in reference to the way their larvae, or "inchworms", appear to "measure the earth" as they move along in a looping fashion. A very large family, it has around 23,000 species of moths described, and over 1400 species from six subfamilies indigenous to North America alone. A well-known member is the peppered moth, Biston betularia, which has been subject of numerous studies in population genetics. Several other geometer moths are notorious pests.
Oecophoridae is a family of small moths in the superfamily Gelechioidea. The phylogeny and systematics of gelechoid moths are still not fully resolved, and the circumscription of the Oecophoridae is strongly affected by this.
Gracillariidae is an important family of insects in the order Lepidoptera and the principal family of leaf miners that includes several economic, horticultural or recently invasive pest species such as the horse-chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella.
The brown-dotted clothes moth is a species of tineoid moth. It belongs to the fungus moth family (Tineidae), and therein to the nominate subfamily Tineinae. It is the type species of its genus Niditinea.
Didymoctenia is a monotypic moth genus in the family Geometridae and subfamily Ennominae which was described by Warren in 1901. Its only species, Didymoctenia exsuperata, the thick-lined bark moth, was first described by Francis Walker in 1860. It is found in Australia.
Omiodes blackburni, the coconut leafroller, is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It is endemic to the Hawaiian islands of Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Maui, Lanai and Hawaii. The species was first described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1877.
Parasa lepida, the nettle caterpillar or blue-striped nettle grub, is a moth of the family Limacodidae that was described by Pieter Cramer in 1799. It is a native minor pest found in the Indo-Malayan region, including India, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Malaysia and Indonesia. It is an introduced pest to urban trees in western Japan.
Argina astrea, the crotalaria podborer, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Dru Drury in 1773. It is found in eastern Africa, southern Asia of India, Sri Lanka, and Indo-Australia, including the Pacific Islands and Australia.
Batrachedra arenosella, the coconut moth or armoured scale eating caterpillar, is a species of moth of the family Batrachedridae found in India, Indonesia, Malaya, and Réunion, as well as New Zealand and Australia, from the Northern Territory and northern Queensland to New South Wales and South Australia. B. arenosella was first described by Francis Walker in 1864.
Anatrachyntis incertulella, the pandanus flower moth, is a small cosmet moth species. It belongs to subfamily Cosmopteriginae. This was the first "micromoth" species to be described from Hawaiʻi. The type specimens were collected there by the 1820s Beechey expedition and described by the English entomologist Francis Walker in 1864; they are now in the British Museum of Natural History.
The Chrysauginae are a subfamily of snout moths. They are primarily Neotropical and include about 400 described species.
Tirathaba rufivena, the coconut spike moth, greater coconut spike moth or oil palm bunch moth, is a moth of the family Pyralidae. It is found from south-east Asia to the Pacific islands, including Malaysia, the Cook Islands, the Philippines and the tropical region of Queensland, Australia. They are considered as a minor pest.
Xyloryctidae is a family of moths contained within the superfamily Gelechioidea described by Edward Meyrick in 1890. Most genera are found in the Indo-Australian region. While many of these moths are tiny, some members of the family grow to a wingspan of up to 66 mm, making them giants among the micromoths.
The Coconut black headed caterpillar, is a species of moth found in multiple regions throughout East Asian countries including Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, as well as Indonesia. It is considered a pest to these countries, as they infest coconut palm trees, causing considerable damage to the trees, and reducing the plant's yield significantly. This is a great burden to all countries who experience infestations, as coconut is one of the main crops driving the economy. The species exists on coconut palms in all forms, from larval to moth, and utilizes the tree fronds as a main source of nutrition. Various methods of control have been explored, yet the primary control method is the administration of pesticides directly to the root of the coconut palms.
Euproctis semisignata is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Francis Walker in 1865. It is found in India and Sri Lanka.
Zurobata vacillans is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Francis Walker in 1864. It is found in the Oriental tropics of India, Sri Lanka, Taiwan and New Guinea.
Macroplectra nararia, the coconut slug caterpillar, is a moth of the family Limacodidae. The species was first described by Moore in 1859. It is found in Sri Lanka and India.
Cophanta funestalis is a moth of the family Noctuidae first described by Francis Walker in 1864. It is found in Indo-Australian tropics of India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Borneo, New Guinea and Australia.
Carmara subcervina is a moth of the family Noctuidae first described by Francis Walker in 1864. It is found in Sri Lanka, Japan, Taiwan, Borneo and Australia.
Paracrama dulcissima is a moth of the family Nolidae first described by Francis Walker in 1864. It is found in Indo-Australian tropics of India, Sri Lanka and the Bismarck Islands.
References
- ↑ "Opisina". Insecta.pro.
- ↑ Savela, Markku. "Opisina Walker, 1864". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved February 7, 2018.
- ↑ "Biological Control of the Coconut Caterpillar Opisina arenosella (Lepidoptera: Xylorictidae): Achievements and Prospects"
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