Oreobates

Oreobates
Oreobates quixensis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Amphibia
Order:	Anura
Family:	Strabomantidae
Subfamily:	Holoadeninae
Genus:	Oreobates Jiménez de la Espada, 1872
Type species
Oreobates quixensis Jiménez de la Espada, 1872
Diversity
See text
Synonyms
TeletremaMiranda-Ribeiro, 1937

Oreobates is a genus of frogs in the family Strabomantidae. ^[1] Most species were formerly in the genus Ischnocnema , but were moved to this revalidated genus following a 2006 revision. ^[2] Its sister taxon is Lynchius . ^[1]

These frogs are found in the lower slopes of the Andes into the upper Amazon Basin from Colombia south to northern Argentina and east into western Brazil. ^[1]

A 2021 phylogenomic study found that Oreobates comprises two main clades: a northern group (Colombia–Peru) and a southern clade (Bolivia–Argentina), largely segregated by the elevational gradient. ^[3] The study also found that highland species are less genetically diverse than their lowland relatives and carry more nonsynonymous mutations — a pattern consistent with historically smaller, more isolated populations and reduced efficacy of natural selection in mountain habitats.

Description

Frogs in the genus Oreobates are small to medium-sized with males measuring 20–44 mm (0.79–1.73 in) and females 25–63 mm (0.98–2.48 in) in snout–vent length. They are generally brownish in colour. Body is robust with a short snout. The toes lack discs and fingers have reduced or absent discs; there is no webbing. ^[4]

Species of the genus Oreobates lay terrestrial eggs that undergo direct development. ^[4]

Species

The following species are recognised in the genus Oreobates: ^[1]

• Oreobates amarakaeri Padial, Chaparro, Castroviejo-Fisher, Guayasamin, Lehr, Delgado, Vaira, Teixeira, Aguayo-Vedia, and De la Riva, 2012
• Oreobates antrum Vaz-Silva, Maciel, Andrade, and Amaro, 2018
• Oreobates ayacucho (Lehr, 2007)
• Oreobates barituensis Vaira & Ferrari, 2008
• Oreobates berdemenos Pereyra, Cardozo, Baldo, and Baldo, 2014
• Oreobates chiquitanus Pansonato, Motta, Cacciali, Haddad, Strüssmann, and Jansen, 2020
• Oreobates choristolemma (Harvey and Sheehy, 2005)
• Oreobates colanensis Venegas, García Ayachi, Ormeño, Bullard, Catenazzi, and Motta, 2021
• Oreobates cruralis (Boulenger, 1902)
• Oreobates discoidalis (Peracca, 1895)
• Oreobates gemcare Padial, Chaparro, Castroviejo-Fisher, Guayasamin, Lehr, Delgado, Vaira, Teixeira, Aguayo-Vedia, and De la Riva, 2012
• Oreobates granulosus (Boulenger, 1903)
• Oreobates heterodactylus (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937)
• Oreobates ibischi (Reichle, Lötters, and De la Riva, 2001)
• Oreobates lehri (Padial, Chaparro, and De la Riva, 2007)
• Oreobates lundbergi (Lehr, 2005)
• Oreobates machiguenga Padial, Chaparro, Castroviejo-Fisher, Guayasamin, Lehr, Delgado, Vaira, Teixeira, Aguayo-Vedia, and De la Riva, 2012
• Oreobates madidi (Padial, Gonzales-Álvarez, and De la Riva, 2005)
• Oreobates pereger (Lynch, 1975)
• Oreobates quixensis Jiménez de la Espada, 1872
• Oreobates remotus Teixeira, Amaro, Recoder, Sena, and Rodrigues, 2012
• Oreobates sanctaecrucis (Harvey and Keck, 1995)
• Oreobates sanderi (Padial, Reichle, and De la Riva, 2005)
• Oreobates saxatilis (Duellman, 1990)
• Oreobates yanucu Köhler and Padial, 2016
• Oreobates zongoensis (Reichle and Köhler, 1997)

References

1. Frost, Darrel R. (2022). "Oreobates Jiménez de la Espada, 1872". Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. Version 6.1. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 15 October 2022.
2. Caramaschi, Ulisses; Canedo, Clarrisa (2006). "Reassessment of the taxonomic status of the genera Ischnocnema Reinhardt and Lütken, 1862 and Oreobates Jiménez-de-la-Espada, 1872, with notes on the synonymy of Leiuperus verrucosus Reinhardt and Lütken, 1862 (Anura: Leptodactylidae)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1116: 43–54. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1116.1.3.
3. Montero-Mendieta, Santiago; De la Riva, Ignacio; Irisarri, Iker; Leonard, Jennifer A.; Webster, Matthew T.; Vilà, Carles (2021). "Phylogenomics and evolutionary history of Oreobates (Anura: Craugastoridae) — Neotropical frogs along elevational gradients". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 161 107167. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107167.
4. Padial, José M.; Chaparro, Juan C.; De La Riva, Ignacio (2008). "Systematics of Oreobates and the Eleutherodactylus discoidalis species group (Amphibia, Anura), based on two mitochondrial DNA genes and external morphology". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 152 (4): 737–773. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00372.x .