Orestes draegeri

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Orestes draegeri
Orestes draegeri, pair.jpg
Orestes draegeri 'Dong Nai', pair
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Phasmatodea
Superfamily: Bacilloidea
Family: Heteropterygidae
Subfamily: Dataminae
Genus: Orestes
Species:
O. draegeri
Binomial name
Orestes draegeri

Orestes draegeri is a species of stick insects in the subfamily Dataminae and tribe Datamini.

Contents

Orestes draegeri 'Dong Nai'
= Orestes sp. 'Pu Mat'
= Orestes sp. 2 'Bach Ma'
= Orestes "mouhotii (PSG 192)

Relationships between Orestes draegeri and their sister species or stocks according to Sarah Bank et al. (2021) [1]
Orestes draegeri, female from the Bach Ma National Park Orestes sp. 2 'Bach Ma'.jpg
Orestes draegeri, female from the Bạch Mã National Park

Characteristics

Orestes draegeri is a very slender and elongated species with relatively short legs. It is very similar in appearance to Orestes mouhotii , from which it differs in its relatively shorter legs.

Males are approximately 40.0 to 41.2 millimetres (1.57 to 1.62 in) long. In front of and behind the eyes there are mostly pairs of more or less distinct structures that are species-specific (see also acanthotaxy of Heteropterygidae). The three pairs of occipital spines are designed as follows: The anterior supra-antennals are recognizable spinose and slightly pointed outwards. The pairs of anterior and posterior supra-occipitals behind it are smaller. The vertex is significantly enlarged, blunt and laterally compressed with the anterior coronals, which creates conspicuous, ear-like horns (auricles). The paired supra-orbitals behind the eyes are recognizable bluntly spinous. Posterior and lateral coronals are recognizable as small pointed tubercles that form a crown with the tip of the postocular carina located behind the eye, a distinct edge. The eyes are relatively small, circular and protruding strongly hemispherical. The antennae are shorter than the legs and consist of 23 segments. While the structures on the head resemble those of Orestes mouhotii , these are missing in the males of Orestes draegeri distinct conical hump at posterior margin of the mesonotum which is slightly sulcate medially.

The females are approximately 45.7 to 47.1 millimetres (1.80 to 1.85 in) long. Their head is flat and shows only indistinct structures in the form of tubercles. The tibae of middle legs are compressed laterally at the top and have an indistinct tooth at the end and a clear tooth in the middle. The fourth tergite of the abdomen is indistinctly widened and almost parallel to the rear. On the back of the ninth tergite there is a clearly elongated, strongly roof-like ridge in the center. In the females of Orestes mouhotii this crest is not roof-like and elongated and not notched at the back. [2]

Distribution area

The species was found by Joachim Bresseel and Jérôme Constant in 2012 in the seasonal tropical forests in the Vietnamese provinces Lâm Đồng and Đồng Nai and here in the Dong Nai Biosphere Reserve, which includes Cát Tiên National Park (type locality). [2] Following the investigations by Sarah Bank et al., in which Bresseel and Constant were also involved, it can also be found in the provinces Thừa Thiên Huế, Nghệ An and the northern provinces Vĩnh Phúc and Bắc Kạn. This means that their known distribution area extends almost over the whole of Vietnam. [1]

Taxonomy

From June 25 to July 6, 2012, Bresseel and Constant found representatives of the species in the biosphere reserve of Đồng Nai and on July 16, 2012 another male and four females in the Cát Tiên National Park. In their work on the genus Orestes published in 2018, they described this species as well as five others. The species name is dedicated to Holger Dräger, a German phasmid breeder who, along with other representatives of the Heteropterygidae, in particular keeps and breeds species or stocks which Bresseel and Constant brought with them from Southeast Asia. The male from Cát Tiên was deposited as holotype, two other males and twelve females, some of them were bred from the ones from Đồng Nai, were deposited as paratypes. The holotype and nine paratypes are deposited in the Museum of Natural Sciences in Brussels. The remaining five paratypes are in the Vietnam National Museum of Nature in Hanoi. [2] [3]

How genetic analysis by Sarah Bank et al show, forms Orestes draegeri within the genus Orestes together with Orestes mouhotii and another species from the Andamans, which is called Orestes sp. 'Andaman' and is an undescribed species, a clade of very similar species. In all of them, the males have two almost semicircular horns (auricles) on their heads, while the females have a flat head without any major elevations. Bresseel and Constant, who took over the taxonomic assignment of the species as co-authors, only referred to animals originating from the Kirirom National Park in Cambodia as Orestes mouhotii, while all the other investigated populationss identified as Orestes draegeri. Should the species from Kiriom not be identical to the holotype of Orestes mouhotii and the holotypes of their two synonyms Dares fulmeki and Orestes verruculatus, the ones from Kiriom would be another species and Orestes draegeri would be a synonym of one of the mentioned three names. [1]

Rearing

The species has been sexually bred since 2012. The breeding stock goes back to the animals collected by Bresseel and Constant in Đồng Nai, which were successfully reproduced by Rob Krijns. [2] Up to its description it was called as Pylaemenes sp. 'Dong Nai'. It is listed by the Phasmid Study Group under PSG number 397. [4] According to more recent studies, at least one of the stocks originally kept as Orestes mouhotii with PSG number 192 from Thailand and West Malaysia can be assigned to this species. In addition, further parthenogenetic stocks of Orestes draegeri were introduced from Vietnam by Bresseel and Constant, for example in 2015 from the Ba Bể National Park and the Melinh biodiversity station and in 2017 from the Bạch Mã National Park and from the Pu Mat National Park. [4]

Related Research Articles

<i>Pylaemenes</i> (insect) Genus of stick insects

Pylaemenes is a genus of stick insects in the family Heteropterygidae and subfamily Dataminae. It combines small to medium-sized, often brightly colored Phasmatodea species. Their representatives are found in large parts of Southeast Asia.

<i>Orestes</i> (insect) Genus of stick insects

The genus Orestes combines relatively small and elongated Phasmatodea species from Southeast and East Asia.

<i>Microrestes</i> Genus of stick insects

The genus Microrestes combines relatively small and squat Phasmatodea species from continental Southeast Asia and South China.

<i>Orestes dittmari</i> Species of stick insect

Orestes dittmari is a species of stick insects in the subfamily Dataminae.

<i>Orestes mouhotii</i> Species of stick insect

Orestes mouhotii is an insect species belonging to the order of Phasmatodea. Because of its synyonym Orestes verruculatus, it is the type species of the genus Orestes. Because of its compact body shape, the species is sometimes referred to as small cigar stick insect.

<i>Orestes bachmaensis</i> Species of stick insect

Orestes bachmaensis is a Phasmatodea species native to central Vietnam.

<i>Orestes guangxiensis</i> Species of stick insect

Orestes guangxiensis is a representative of the genus Orestes.

<i>Orestes japonicus</i> Species of stick insect

Orestes japonicus, a stick insect, is a representative of the genus Orestes.

<i>Orestes krijnsi</i> Species of stick insect

Orestes krijnsi is a species of stick insects native to Vietnam.

<i>Orestes subcylindricus</i> Species of stick insect

Orestes subcylindricus is a species of stick insects native to Vietnam.

<i>Orestes shirakii</i> Species of stick insect

Orestes shirakii is a species of stick insects native to Taiwan.

<i>Pylaemenes elenamikhailorum</i> Species of stick insect

Pylaemenes elenamikhailorum is a species of stick insects native in Sepilok on Borneo. In application of the more recent differentiation between the genera Pylaemenes and Orestes the species is sometimes also called Orestes elenamikhailorum.

Pylaemenes konkakinhensis is a species of stick insects native in Vietnam. The species is so far only known from a single female.

Orestes diabolicus is a species of stick insects native in Vietnam. The species is so far only known from a three males.

Orestes botot is a species of stick insects native in Vietnam.

<i>Haaniella gorochovi</i> Species of stick insect

Haaniella gorochovi is a stick insect species from Vietnam. It is a typical representative of the subfamily Heteropteryginae. The occasionally used common name Gorochov’s Haaniella refers to the species name.

Orestes ziegleri is a species of stick insect native to Thailand.

<i>Pylaemenes konchurangensis</i> Species of stick insect

Pylaemenes konchurangensis is a species of stick insects native in Vietnam. The species has been described in the genus Pylaemenes, but from its morphological characters it belongs in the genus Orestes.

<i>Microrestes robustus</i> Species of stick insect

Microrestes robustus is a stick insect species native to northwestern Vietnam.

<i>Eubulides timog</i> Species of stick insect

Eubulides timog is a stick insect species from the family of the Heteropterygidae. Although only described in 2023, this species, native to the south and east of the Philippine island Luzón, has been kept and bred in the terrariums of enthusiasts since 2009.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Bank, S.; Buckley, T. R.; Büscher, T. H.; Bresseel, J.; Constant, J.; de Haan, M.; Dittmar, D.; Dräger, H.; Kahar, R. S.; Kang, A.; Kneubühler, B.; Langton-Myers, S. & Bradler, S. (2021). Reconstructing the nonadaptive radiation of an ancient lineage of ground-dwelling stick insects (Phasmatodea: Heteropterygidae) , Systematic Entomology, DOI: 10.1111/syen.12472
  2. 1 2 3 4 Bresseel, J. & Constant, J. (2018). The Oriental stick insect genus Orestes Redtenbacher, 1906: Taxonomical notes and six new species from Vietnam (Phasmida: Heteropterygidae: Dataminae). Belgian Journal of Entomology 58: pp. 8–12 & 33–38, Brussel, ISSN   1374-5514
  3. ↑ Brock, P. D.; Büscher, T. H. & Baker, E. W. Phasmida Species File Online. Version 5.0/5.0 (accessdate 12 June 2021)
  4. 1 2 Phasmid Study Group Culture List
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