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The Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, or Politburo was the highest political body of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and de facto a collective presidency of the USSR. It was founded in October 1917, and refounded in March 1919, at the 8th Congress of the Bolshevik Party. It was known as the Presidium from 1952 to 1966. The existence of the Politburo ended in 1991 upon the breakup of the Soviet Union.
The Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the highest organ of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union between two congresses. According to party statutes, the committee directed all party and governmental activities. The Party Congress elected its members.
The Nineteenth Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was held from 5 to 14 October 1952. It was the first party congress after World War II and the last under Joseph Stalin's leadership. It was attended by many dignitaries from foreign Communist parties, including Liu Shaoqi from China. At this Congress, Stalin gave the last public speech of his life. The 19th Central Committee was elected at the congress.
The Orgburo, also known as the Organisational Bureau, of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union existed from 1919 to 1952, when it was abolished at the 19th Congress of the Communist Party and its functions were transferred to the enlarged Secretariat.
The Politburo, Secretariat and Orgburo of the 9th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) were elected by the 1st Plenary Session of the 9th Central Committee, in the immediate aftermath of the 9th Congress.
The Central Committee (CC) composition was elected by the 10th Congress, and sat from 16 March 1921 until 2 April 1922. The CC 1st Plenary Session renewed the composition of the Politburo, Secretariat and the Organizational Bureau (OB) of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks).
The Central Committee (CC) composition was elected by the 11th Congress, and sat from 2 April 1922 until 25 April 1923 . The CC 1st Plenary Session renewed the composition of the Politburo, Secretariat and the Organizational Bureau (OB) of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks).
The Bureau, Secretariat and Orgburo of the 7th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) were elected by a Session of the 7th Central Committee in the immediate aftermath of the 7th Congress. The 7th Orgburo was elected by the twenty-fourth session of the 7th Central Committee, held on 16 January 1919.
The 8th Orgburo of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) was elected by the 1st Plenary Session of the 8th Central Committee, in the immediate aftermath of the 8th Congress.
The 10th Orgburo of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) was elected by the 1st Plenary Session of the 10th Central Committee, in the immediate aftermath of the 10th Congress.
The 11th Orgburo of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) was elected by the 1st Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee, in the immediate aftermath of the 11th Congress.
The 12th Orgburo of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) was elected by the 1st Plenary Session of the 12th Central Committee, in the immediate aftermath of the 12th Congress.
The 13th Orgburo of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) was elected by the 1st Plenary Session of the 13th Central Committee, in the immediate aftermath of the 13th Congress.
The 14th Orgburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) was elected by the 1st Plenary Session of the 14th Central Committee, in the immediate aftermath of the 14th Congress.
The 15th Orgburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) was elected by the 1st Plenary Session of the 15th Central Committee, in the immediate aftermath of the 15th Congress.
The Central Committee (CC) composition was elected by the 12th Congress, and sat from 25 April 1923 until 31 May 1924. The CC 1st Plenary Session renewed the composition of the Politburo, Secretariat and the Organizational Bureau (OB) of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks).
The Central Committee of the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) sat from 10 February 1934 until the convening of the 18th Congress on 10 March 1939. Its 1st Plenary Session elected the Politburo, Secretariat and Orgburo. The 17th Congress was labelled the "Congress of Victors" to mark the success of the first five-year plan and the collectivization of agriculture. The CC 1st Plenary Session elected Joseph Stalin General Secretary of the Central Committee, and Lazar Kaganovich continued to serve as Stalin's deputy, an informal post referred to by Sovietologists as Second Secretary, and was empowered to manage party business and sign Politburo resolutions when Stalin was away from Moscow.
The Central Committee of the 18th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) was in session from 1939 until 1952, and was replenished in 1941. It elected, at its 1st Plenary Session, the Politburo, the Secretariat, the Orgburo and the Party Control Commission. Its 71 members and 68 candidate members were elected at the 18th Party Congress.
The Orgburo of the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) was in session from 1934 to 1939.
The Orgburo of the 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) was in session from 1930 to 1934.