Pan He

Last updated • 6 min readFrom Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

Pan He
潘鹤
Pan He (artist).jpg
Born1925
Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
Died (aged 95)
Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
Alma mater South China People's Academy of Literature and Arts
Notable workHard Times
Zhuhai Fisher Girl
StyleRealism

Pan He (Chinese :潘鹤; pinyin :Pān Hè, 1925 November 22, 2020) was a Chinese sculptor and educator. Born in Guangzhou, Guangdong, he took up sculpture in his youth as the Japanese occupation kept him indoors. Despite a lack of support from his parents, in 1950 he enrolled at the Fine Arts department of the South China People's Academy of Literature and Arts. He gained national recognition in 1957 for his sculpture Hard Times and had begun teaching at the academy by 1960. Over his seventy-year career, Pan an advocate for urban sculpture produced hundreds of works including his Zhuhai Fisher Girl and Pioneering Ox, which became icons of Zhuhai and Shenzhen. Pan worked with a range of materials, producing realist works that reflect the history of modern China. He gained several national accolades, including lifetime achievement awards in 2009 and 2010.

Contents

Early life

Pan He was born in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, in 1925. In his youth, during the Japanese occupation, Pan spent much of his time indoors, extensively reading newspapers and literature. Drawing from the illustrations in these works, he took up sculpture and calligraphy, producing images of Beethoven, Turgenev, Dostoyevsky, and Byron. For three weeks in 1942, he studied under Huang Shaoqiang of the Lingnan School; he later identified Huang as his greatest artistic influence. [1] In a 2010 interview, he recalled that his parents had not been supportive of his desire to become a sculptor. [2]

As a youth, Pan developed romantic feelings for his cousin, A-Mei, who lived with her family in Hong Kong. [3] During World War II, Pan travelled to Macau, then occupied by the Empire of Japan, in 1944 to visit her; [1] she and her family had relocated during the occupation. [3] Her parents disapproved of their relationship, [1] and after Pan returned to Foshan to visit his parents he lost contact with them. [3] He reunited with A-Mei in 1993 during a visit to Canada. [1]

In 1950, after the end of World War II, Pan enrolled at the Fine Arts department of the South China People's Academy of Literature and Arts (now the Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts). [4] In his early years, he worked under the art name Yunhelou (云鹤楼), which he received from the artist Guan Shanyue  [ zh ]. [2] Pan gained national attention in the 1950s with his Hard Times (艰苦岁月, 1957), [1] which was soon featured in textbooks for primary school students. [4] Drawing from the experiences of the Red Army on Hainan Island, it depicts two soldiers during a time of rest, the younger listening intently as the weathered old soldier plays the flute. [5] Other works that date from the 1950s and 1960s include When I Grow Up (当我长大的时候), [1] After School (课余), and The GuangdongHong Kong Strike (省港大罢工). [4]

By 1960, Pan had begun teaching at the Department of Sculpture, Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts; [4] he later became a tenured professor. [2] Pan was one of the sculptors approached by Henry Fok in 1978 when the latter was developing a hot spring hotel in Zhongshan. Later that year, Pan and other faculty members of the Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts used lime water to etch animal shapes from stones in Xianglu Bay  [ zh ] near what is now Zhuhai. [3]

Zhuhai Fisher Girl and later career

In 1979, the Government of China was preparing to establish the Zhuhai Special Economic Zone. Wu Jianmin  [ zh ], who would become the secretary of the municipal Chinese Communist Party committee, put out calls for a monumental statue that would serve as an icon of the new city. Pan was among the sculptors brought to the area to inspect its possibilities. Ultimately, Pan developed a design based on a local legend of a fisherwoman holding a pearl aloft. Installation of this statue, Zhuhai Fisher Girl , was completed in 1982. The 8.7-metre (29 ft) work in granite has since become an icon of the city. [1] The previous year, he had installed Pioneering Ox (开荒牛) in Shenzhen. Though controversial at the time, [1] the work won Pan a gold medal at the Sixth National Art Exhibition. It has since become an icon of the city. [4]

Over subsequent years, Pan installed several further works around Zhuhai. In 1984, he completed a monument to Yang Pao'an, an early leader with the Communist Party. This was followed in the 1990s by Wild Geese Landing on Pingsha (雁落平沙), a monument to farmers who had arrived in Pingtang Village beginning in 1955. Following the handover of Macau in 1999, Pan installed the 9.9-metre (32 ft)Reunion(重逢) on Qi'ao Island. This work not only symbolized the return of Macau to China but also Pan's reunion with A-Mei. [1]

During the 2000s, Pan received several national and provincial accolades. In 2005, his Zhuhai Fisher Girl was featured on a stamp issued by China Post to commemorate the 25th anniversary of Zhuhai's founding. [6] He received the China Art Award Lifetime Achievement in 2009 and the first Lifetime Achievement Award in Literature and Art from Guangdong Province in 2010. [1] After receiving the latter, Pan joked that it should be a half-life award, indicating that he would continue working. [2] In 2011, Pan was among the first academics appointed to the China National Academy of Painting. [1]

Pan completed a sculpture of Huang Shaoqiang in 2013 and inscribed it with the teachings of his mentor. [1] In 2015, Pan installed Mother River (母亲河) in the Doumen District of Zhuhai. Intended as a companion piece to his earlier Zhuhai Fisher Girl, the sculpture depicts the fisherwoman after settling in the region. Still adorned with a fishing net, she watches over her son as he learns to swim. [1] This work was completed with his son Pan Fen, with whom the elder Pan frequently collaborated. [3]

By 2020, Pan was suffering from cerebral atrophy and restricted to a wheelchair. [3] He died in Guangzhou on November 22, 2020, aged 95. During his lifetime he completed more than one hundred large sculptures, installed in sixty-eight cities in China and abroad. [1] As of 2020, many of Pan's works are displayed at the Pan He Sculpture Art Park in Guangzhou's Haizhu District. [3] An exhibition of more than one hundred of his works was held at the Guangdong Museum of Art in 2023. [5]

Style and assessment

Pan held that sculpture's place was outdoors and that "socialism is the best soil for urban sculpture". [a] [4] He worked with a range of materials, including bronze and granite, [1] and strove to present a realist style. [4] He was identified by Liang Jiang, the director of the Institute of Modern and Contemporary Chinese Art at the Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts, as a mainstay of "Lingnan Sculpture". [2] Pan described his works as united by the theme of truth, arguing:

Without truth, goodness and beauty are all false. Sculpture is a sentimental thing, just like falling in love. No matter how much money you have, if you don't have feelings, you lack it. Don't follow money. Only what impresses yourself can impress others. Only by thinking independently can you exert your ability to the limit. [b] [2]

In its obituary of Pan, the China Artists Association described his works as reflecting a wealth of artistic, historical, social, and humanistic values. It highlighted Hard Times, which was deemed to have "the perfect combination of revolutionary realism and romanticism". [c] [4] Pan was included in the Soviet Academy of Sciences' History of World Art, as well as several histories of Chinese art. [4] The sculptor Liang Mingchen argued that no other sculptor "has made such a sincere, strong, comprehensive and profound expression of Chinese history in the 20th century." [d] [5]

Explanatory notes

  1. Original: 社会主义是城市雕塑的最佳土壤。
  2. Original: 没有真,善和美都是假的。雕塑是感性的东西,就像谈恋爱一样,不管你有多少钱,没有感觉就是没有感觉。不跟钱走,打动自己的才能感动他人。只有独立思考,才能将自己的能力发挥到极限。
  3. Original: 革命现实主义与浪漫主义的完美结合。
  4. Original: 那样对20世纪的中国历史做了如此真诚而强烈、全面而深刻的表现。

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zhuhai</span> City in Guangdong, China

Zhuhai is a prefecture-level city located on the west bank of the Pearl River estuary on the central coast of southern Guangdong province, People's Republic of China, on the southeastern edge of the Pearl River Delta. Its name literally means "pearl sea", which originates from the city's location at the mouth of the Pearl River meeting the South China Sea. Zhuhai borders Jiangmen to the west, Zhongshan to the north and Macau to the southeast, and shares maritime boundaries with Shenzhen and Hong Kong to the northeast across the estuary.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sun Yat-sen University</span> National public research university in China

Sun Yat-sen University is a public research university in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education, and co-funded by the Ministry of Education, SASTIND, and Guangdong Provincial Government. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pan Yuliang</span> Famous Chinese female painter

Pan Yuliang, born as Chen Xiuqing, also known as Zhang Yuliang (張玉良), is remembered as the first woman in China to paint in the Western style. She studied in Shanghai and Paris, and taught at the École des Beaux Arts. In 1985, much of her work was transported to China, and collected by the National Art Museum in Beijing and the Anhui Museum in Hefei. Despite being remembered for introducing Western paintings to China, she also provided a new lens to how women were seen through her paintings, not just as objects but as subjects. She won several awards for her work and exhibited internationally in Europe, the United States, and Japan. Significant paintings, sculptures, and prints by her are still conserved in France in the collection of the Cernuschi museum. Her life as an artist has been portrayed in novels, films, and operas in China and the United States. Her art evolved within the flux of conflicting dichotomies of East and West, tradition and modernity, male chauvinism and emerging feminism. Pan is also remembered as an artist who engaged with labels, such as "contemporary/modern," "Chinese," and "woman" artist, while also questioning them.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zhuhai Jinwan Airport</span> Domestic airport serving Zhuhai, Guangdong, China

Zhuhai Jinwan Airport, also called Zhuhai Sanzao Airport before 10 January 2013, is the airport serving the city of Zhuhai in South Central China’s Guangdong province. It is located some 50 kilometres (31 mi) southwest of the Zhuhai city center in Sanzao Town, Jinwan District, and 25 kilometres (16 mi) southwest of the special administrative region of Macau.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts</span> Public fine arts university in Guangzhou, China

The Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts is a Chinese national university based in Guangzhou which provides doctoral, master and bachelor's degrees in fine arts and design.It is the only fine arts institution of higher learning in Guangdong Province and even in South China, and one of the eight major fine arts academies in China, with 12 colleges and one affiliated secondary fine arts school, and the existing Changgang campus, University Town campus and Foshan campus, with nearly 10,000 students of all kinds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Guangzhou–Zhuhai intercity railway</span> Railway line in Peoples Republic of China

Guangzhou–Zhuhai intercity railway or Guangzhu intercity railway is a dedicated, grade-separated regional railway linking Guangzhou South railway station in Panyu, Guangzhou, Jiangmen railway station in Xinhui, Jiangmen, and Zhuhai Jinwan Airport in Zhuhai, via Shunde, Zhongshan and Jiangmen, in Guangdong province. It is the first line completed in the Pearl River Delta Metropolitan Region intercity railway network. It is operated by China Railway Guangzhou Group.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Qi'ao Island</span> Island in Zhuhai, China

Qi'ao Island is an island of Zhuhai, Guangdong province, China.

Pan Ximing is a Chinese footballer who currently plays for China League One side Liaoning Tieren.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Changchun World Sculpture Park</span> Sculpture park in Changchun, China

Changchun World Sculpture Park is located in Changchun, Jilin, China. It is a collection of Eastern and Western art and sculpture set in a natural landscape and run as a theme park. It was named a national 5A-class tourist attraction.

Rong Baisheng was a Chinese architect and civil engineer. A pioneer in skyscraper design and construction in China, he was elected an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering in 1995. His works include the Guangdong International Building, which was China's tallest building when completed in 1990, and the Shenzhen Shangri-La Hotel (1981).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Southern Theater Command Ground Force</span> Military unit

Southern Theater Command Ground Force is the Chinese ground force under the Southern Theater Command. Its headquarters is in Nanning, Guangxi. The current commander is Zhang Jian and the current political commissar is Wang Donghai.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Guo Yuanqiang</span> Chinese politician

Guo Yuanqiang is a Chinese politician who is the current party secretary of Wuhan, in office since September 2021. He is a representative of the 19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party and was a member of the 12th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yang Yuyu</span> Taiwanese sculptor

Yang Yuyu was born Yang Ying-feng in Yilan, also known by his nickname Yu-yu (呦呦), was a Taiwanese sculptor. He was renowned for his late-period modernist abstract composite forms, stainless steel material, and Chinese aesthetics.

Shi Guo is a Chinese artist known for his experimental Chinese ink painting. He is the son of Chinese traditional painting artist Shi Lu.

<i>Zhuhai Fisher Girl</i> Statue in Zhuhai, China

Zhuhai Fisher Girl is a statue and landmark in the Xianglu Bay area of Zhuhai, Guangdong, China. Commissioned ahead of the establishment of the Zhuhai Special Economic Zone, the statue was designed by Pan He based on a local legend about a celestial being who descended to the region to live as a simple fisherwoman. Though its cost was controversial, the statue was completed in 1982 and became part of the region's growing tourism industry. The statue was designated a cultural relic in 2014, and the following year the sculptor completed a companion piece with his son that depicts the fisher girl as a mother. A proposal has been made to expand the area around the statue into a mixed-purpose recreational area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yang Pao'an</span> Chinese Marxist revolutionary (1896–1931)

Yang Pao'an was a Chinese Marxist and early member of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Born in Xiangshan County, Guangdong, he promoted the spread of Marxism in southern China through newspaper publications and involvement with the May Fourth Movement and the Canton–Hong Kong strike. With his friend Tan Pingshan, he was one of the CCP's envoys to the Kuomintang (KMT) during the parties' First United Front and held several roles within that party. Elected to the CCP's Central Supervisory Committee in 1927, he was dismissed later that year due to his association with Tan. Yang remained active with the party, working on its newspaper publications through the end of his life. In August 1931, he was detained in Shanghai by the KMT and executed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Huang Shaoqiang</span> Chinese artist (1901–1942)

Huang Shaoqiang was a Chinese artist of the Lingnan School. The grandson of a village official, he learned poetry, calligraphy, and art from a young age. He studied at the Bowen Art School and was a pupil of Gao Qifeng and Gao Jianfu, who taught a blend of Western and Chinese painting. After graduating, he became an educator while developing his own career as an artist, holding his first solo exhibition in 1926. Following the Japanese invasion of Manchuria, Huang raised funds for the war effort. He travelled China for several years, settling in Guangzhou by 1935. As Japanese forces moved southward, he fled to Hong Kong briefly before ultimately returning to his hometown in Guangdong. Sickly, he died at his ancestral home.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">He Jianshi</span> Chinese cartoonist and songwriter

He Jianshi was a Chinese cartoonist, painter, and songwriter. The son of He Kunshan, a wealthy businessman, He learned the arts in his youth, as well as swordfighting from a monk in Sichuan. In 1905, He began producing cartoons for the Journal of Current Pictorial, using among numerous others the pen name Jianshi ("Swordsman"), and continued producing manhua for The True Record when that magazine was established in 1911. A member of the Tongmenghui, an anti-Qing movement, he promoted the use of Chinese opera to spread revolutionary ideas. Analysis of He's work has emphasized his flamboyant style, drawing from the literati tradition while blending realism and exaggeration.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2024 Zhuhai car attack</span> Vehicle ramming attack in China

On 11 November 2024, a man drove his SUV into people on the exercise track at the Zhuhai Stadium sports center in Zhuhai, Guangdong, China, killing 35 and injuring 43 more. The driver then attempted to commit suicide by cutting himself with a knife; he was taken into custody and sent to a hospital. The man is believed to have been motivated by anger over a recent divorce settlement. On 27 December, he was sentenced to death and executed on 20 January 2025.

Chen Hsia-yu was a Taiwanese sculptor. He was born in Longjing Village, Dajia County, Taichū Prefecture. He studied sculpture under Kooyu Fujii, who encouraged him to participate in the Shin Bunten, where he was selected for three consecutive years and obtained the "no inspection" qualification. He was a founding member of the Taiyang Art Association Sculpture Department, a Provincial Art Exhibition judge, and a teacher at Taichung Normal School. He later withdrew from the association and resigned from his teaching position and judgeship. He continued to create until he was over 80 years old. He died of heart failure in 2000 at the age of 82.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Jiang 2020.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 CCTV, 2020.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 The Paper, 2020.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 China Artists Association, 2020.
  5. 1 2 3 Government of Guangzhou, 2023.
  6. 21st Century Business Herald, 2021.

Works cited