Panna Maria, Texas | |
---|---|
Coordinates: 28°57′29″N97°53′50″W / 28.95806°N 97.89722°W | |
Country | United States |
State | Texas |
County | Karnes |
Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
ZIP codes | 78144 |
GNIS feature ID | 1364749 [1] |
Panna Maria Historic District | |
Area | 2,400 acres (970 ha) |
Built | 1854 |
Architectural style | Gothic Revival, Polish Colonial |
NRHP reference No. | 76002043 [2] |
Added to NRHP | May 13, 1976 |
Panna Maria (Polish for Virgin Mary ; Silesian : Pani Maria) is a small unincorporated community in Karnes County, Texas, United States. It is the oldest Polish settlement in the United States.
A Franciscan missionary, Father Leopold Moczygemba, started recruiting Upper Silesians in 1852, when Silesia belonged to the Kingdom of Prussia. The immigrants began arriving at Indianola in early December 1854. With carts to haul them inland being scarce, the immigrants walked to their land grants near San Antonio and the town was settled on Christmas Eve in 1854.
The town's identity as an insular Polish enclave was sealed by four factors:
The Texas Silesian dialect has continued to be spoken for several generations.
The Panna Maria Historic District is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. [3]
Karnes County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 14,710. Its county seat is Karnes City. The county is named for Henry Karnes, a soldier in the Texas Revolution. The former San Antonio and Aransas Pass Railway passed through Karnes County in its connection linking San Antonio with Corpus Christi.
Polish Americans are Americans who either have total or partial Polish ancestry, or are citizens of the Republic of Poland. There are an estimated 8.81 million self-identified Polish Americans, representing about 2.67% of the U.S. population, according to the 2021 American Community Survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau.
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Texan Silesian is a subdialect of the Silesian ethnolect used by descendants of immigrant Silesians in American settlements from 1852 to the present. The speakers of the dialect came to America from the area of Płużnica Wielka, Strzelce Opolskie and Toszek in Opolian Silesia. The dialect evolved around the area of the unincorporated community of Panna Maria in Karnes County, Texas which is considered by the Texas State Historical Association "the oldest permanent Polish settlement in America and as the home of the nation's oldest Polish church and school." Another significant settlement in which Texan Silesian is present is neighboring Cestohowa.
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