Papilio bianor

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Papilio bianor
Open wing position of Papilio bianor Cramer, 1777 - Common Peacock WLB DSC 4064.jpg
Dorsal view
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Papilionidae
Genus: Papilio
Species:
P. bianor
Binomial name
Papilio bianor
Cramer, 1777
Synonyms

Papilio polyctor

Papilio bianor, also known as the common peacock, Chinese peacock black swallowtail emerald [1] or Chinese peacock, is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae, the swallowtails. [2] It is native to Continental Asia. [3] It is the state butterfly of the Indian state of Uttarakhand. [4] [5]

Contents

Description

This species is variable in size. Individuals emerged in the spring reach 4 to 8 centimeters wide, while those emerged in the summer can reach 12 centimeters. [1] The forewings are black with dark veining and green scales. The undersides are brown, turning white distally with dark veining. The hindwings are tailed and have ridged edges containing reddish eyespots. The body is black with green scales. [3]

The male has black hair on the forewings, which the female lacks. [1]

Subspecies

There are many subspecies. [3]

Biology

This species can be found in forests and other wooded areas. It can occur in suburban and urban areas if appropriate host plants are available. [1]

Food plants include species of citrus, prickly ash, cork trees, trifoliate orange, rue, and Japanese skimmia. [3]

Using the species as a model to investigate the iridescent colour evolution, phylogeography, and the evolution of swallowtail butterflies a chromosome scale genome has been sequenced, the final assembly being 421.52 Mb in size, with 15,375 protein-coding genes and 30 chromosomes (29 autosomes and 1 Z sex chromosome). [6] Phylogenetic analysis of this data indicating that P. bianor separated from a common ancestor of swallowtails ~23.69–36.04 million years ago.

Related Research Articles

<i>Papilio</i> Genus of butterflies

Papilio is a genus in the swallowtail butterfly family, Papilionidae, as well as the only representative of the tribe Papilionini. The word papilio is Latin for butterfly.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Swallowtail butterfly</span> Butterflies of family Papilionidae

Swallowtail butterflies are large, colorful butterflies in the family Papilionidae, and include over 550 species. Though the majority are tropical, members of the family inhabit every continent except Antarctica. The family includes the largest butterflies in the world, the birdwing butterflies of the genus Ornithoptera.

<i>Papilio palinurus</i> Species of butterfly

Papilio palinurus, the emerald swallowtail, emerald peacock, or green-banded peacock, is a butterfly of the genus Papilio of the family Papilionidae. It is native to Southeast Asia, but is regularly kept in butterfly houses around the world.

<i>Papilio machaon</i> Species of insect

Papilio machaon, the Old World swallowtail, is a butterfly of the family Papilionidae. The butterfly is also known as the common yellow swallowtail or simply the swallowtail. It is the type species of the genus Papilio. This widespread species is found in much of the Palearctic and in North America.

<i>Papilio helenus</i> Species of butterfly

Papilio helenus, the red Helen, is a large swallowtail butterfly found in forests of southern India and parts of southeast Asia.

<i>Papilio demoleus</i> Species of butterfly

Papilio demoleus is a common and widespread swallowtail butterfly. The butterfly is also known as the lime butterfly, lemon butterfly, lime swallowtail, and chequered swallowtail. These common names refer to their host plants, which are usually citrus species such as the cultivated lime. Unlike most swallowtail butterflies, it does not have a prominent tail. When the adult stage is taken into consideration, the lime swallowtail is the shortest-lived butterfly, with male adults dying after four days and females after a week. The butterfly is native to Asia and Australia, and can be considered an invasive pest in other parts of the world. The butterfly has spread to Hispaniola island in the Western Hemisphere, and to Mahé, Seychelles.

<i>Papilio paris</i> Species of butterfly

Papilio paris, the Paris peacock(Myanmar name: ဒေါင်းစိမ်းလိပ်ပြာ), is a species of swallowtail butterfly found in the Indian subcontinent and southeast Asia.

<i>Papilio crino</i> Species of butterfly

Papilio crino, the common banded peacock, is a species of swallowtail (Papilionidae) butterfly found in parts of the Indian subcontinent, including India, Nepal, Bhutan and Sri Lanka.

<i>Papilio krishna</i> Species of butterfly

Papilio krishna, the Krishna peacock, is a large swallowtail butterfly found in forests in China, Nepal, north east India, Myanmar and Vietnam.

<i>Papilio nephelus</i> Species of butterfly

Papilio nephelus is a species of swallowtail butterfly belonging to the family Papilionidae. Subspecies include P. n. chaon, the yellow Helen, and P. n. sunatus, the black and white Helen.

<i>Papilio polyctor</i> Species of butterfly

Papilio polyctor, the common peacock, is a swallowtail butterfly found in the Indian subcontinent. It is found in the Himalayas and parts of India from the foothills to 7,000 feet (2,100 m) between March and October. It has distinct dry- and wet-season forms. The butterfly frequents Buddleia flowers. Its food plant is Zanthoxylum alatum of the family Rutaceae. Papilio polyctor has three subspecies, consisting of Papilio polyctor significans, Papilio polyctor stockleyi, and Papilio polyctor xiei.

<i>Papilio protenor</i> Species of butterfly

Papilio protenor, the spangle, is a butterfly found in India belonging to the swallowtail family.

<i>Papilio chikae</i> Species of butterfly

Papilio chikae, the Luzon peacock swallowtail, is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is endemic to the Philippines. It has two subspecies, with P. c. chikae from Luzon and P. c. hermeli(Nuyda, 1992) from Mindoro. The latter was originally described as a separate species, but it resembles the nominate subspecies and there are no significant differences in their genitalia, leading recent authorities to treat them as subspecies of a single species.

<i>Papilio xuthus</i> Species of butterfly

Papilio xuthus, the Asian swallowtail, Chinese yellow swallowtail or Xuthus swallowtail, is a yellow-colored, medium to large sized swallowtail butterfly found in northeast Asia, northern Myanmar, southern China, Taiwan, the Korean Peninsula, Japan, Siberia and the Hawaiian Islands. It was also recorded in the state of Arunachal Pradesh, India, in 2014.

<i>Pachliopta antiphus</i> Species of butterfly

Pachliopta antiphus is a species of butterfly from the family Papilionidae (swallowtails) that is found in Sumatra, Borneo and the Philippines.

<i>Papilio cyproeofila</i> Species of butterfly

Papilio cyproeofila, the common white-banded swallowtail, is a species of swallowtail butterfly from the genus Papilio that is found in Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo and Nigeria.

<i>Achillides</i> Subgenus of butterflies

Achillides, the peacock swallowtails, are a subgenus within the genus Papilio containing 25 species.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Perveen F, Khan A, Sikander (2014). "Characteristics of butterfly (Lepidoptera) fauna from Kabal, Swat. Pakistan" (PDF). Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies. 2 (1): 56–69.
  2. Dong Y, Zhu LX, Wu YF, Wu XB (December 2013). "The complete mitochondrial genome of the Chinese peacock, Papilio bianor (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)". Mitochondrial DNA. 24 (6): 636–8. doi:10.3109/19401736.2013.772161. PMID   23442187. S2CID   1611016.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "Papilio bianor". butterflycorner.net.
  4. "Common Peacock Male Papilio Bianor Polyctor". Devalsari Environment Protection & Technology Development Society. Archived from the original on 8 January 2017. Retrieved 7 January 2017.
  5. Sharma N (18 November 2016). "Uttarakhand to declare 'Common Peacock' as state butterfly". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 2 January 2017. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
  6. Lu S, Yang J, Dai X, Xie F, He J, Dong Z, et al. (November 2019). "Chromosomal-level reference genome of Chinese peacock butterfly (Papilio bianor) based on third-generation DNA sequencing and Hi-C analysis". GigaScience. 8 (11). doi:10.1093/gigascience/giz128. PMC   6827417 . PMID   31682256.

Further reading