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| Papilio iswara | |
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| Male | |
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| Female | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Papilionidae |
| Genus: | Papilio |
| Species: | P. iswara |
| Binomial name | |
| Papilio iswara White, 1842 | |
| Synonyms | |
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Papilio iswara, the great Helen, is a species of large swallowtail butterfly found in parts of Southeast Asia.
P. iswara. Very similar to P. helenus . Palpi entirely white; the white area of the hindwing consists of 4 patches, of which the 3rd is the largest; the area in the male smaller beneath than above, with the exception of the 4th spot, which is larger beneath, between it and the red anal eye-spot in the female two more white spots, of which at least the upper one is also distinct in the mostly only 2 red submarginal spots present, both large, usually forming a ring-spot with the marginal spots, before the anal submarginal spot no red discal spot as in P. helenus, but always 3 blue lunules. The disc of the upper surface of the forewing in the with pilose hairs. The female paler than the male, the red submarginal spots larger on both surfaces. The genitalia similar to those of P. helenus, the harpe of the more spoon-shaped and the infra-anal processes shorter. Like P. helenus occurring in wooded districts, principally in the hills. The early stages not known. Distributed from South Tenasserim to Sumatra and Borneo; only locally plentiful. -— iswara White (21 c). The white area of the hindwing posteriorly broad; the yellow-red spots of the underside of the hindwing large, the anterior ring-spot also in the male entire, the black pupils of both the eye-spots in the female small. Lower Tenasserim, Malay Peninsula, Penang, Sumatra, Banka. The specimens from the last two islands approximate to the next form. —araspes Fldr. On an average smaller than iswara, but the largest specimens much larger than the smallest iswara. The white area of the hindwing mostly not so broad as in iswara, posteriorly more pointed; the red spots of the hindwing beneath and the 4th white discal patch smaller. One of the two females in the Tring Museum from Lawas, North Borneo, on the underside of the hindwing anteriorly 3 thin red submarginal lunules, before the 1. median a fine red longitudinal curved mark and before the tail traces of another submarginal spot, so that the complete row of submarginal lunules is at least indicated. Borneo and Natuna Islands; our two specimens from Bungaran, Natuna, approximate a little to iswar- Karl Jordan in Seitz. [1]
Papilio iswara is not uncommon and not threatened.
Papilio iswara is a member of the helenus species group. The members of this clade are:
The holotype is conserved in the Natural History Museum, London.
Papilio helenus, the red Helen, is a large swallowtail butterfly found in forests of southern India and parts of southeast Asia.
Papilio paris, the Paris peacock swallowtail, is a species of swallowtail butterfly found in the Indian subcontinent and southeast Asia.
Papilio nephelus is a species of swallowtail butterfly belonging to the family Papilionidae. Subspecies include P. n. chaon, the yellow Helen, and P. n. sunatus, the black and white Helen.
Meandrusa payeni, the yellow gorgon, is a species of swallowtail found in parts of South Asia and Southeast Asia. It belongs to the hooked swallowtails genus, Meandrusa, of the family Papilionidae. It is also called the outlet sword or the sickle.
Graphium arycles, the spotted jay, is a species of butterfly of the family Papilionidae found in the Indomalayan realm.
Papilio weymeri is a species of swallowtail butterfly in the Papilioninae subfamily that is endemic to Papua New Guinea where it is found on Los Negros and Manus Islands.
Atrophaneura priapus, the Priapus batwing or white-head batwing, is a swallowtail butterfly found in Burma, Malaysia, Sumatra, and Java. The subspecies A. p. hageni was named to honour Hermann August Hagen. It may be a full species.
Papilio noblei is a butterfly of the family Papilionidae. It is found in Southeast Asia, from Burma to Vietnam. Recently, this species was also sighted in Namdapha National Park, India.
Papilio woodfordi, the Woodford's swallowtail, is a swallowtail butterfly of the Papilioninae subfamily. It is found on various islands in the Pacific Ocean.
Papilio nireus, the green-banded swallowtail, narrow-banded blue swallowtail, or African blue-banded swallowtail, is a butterfly of the family Papilionidae. It is found in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Papilio astyalus, the broad-banded swallowtail or Astyalus swallowtail, is a butterfly of the family Papilionidae. It is found from Mexico south to Argentina. It is occasionally reported from southern Texas and rare strays can be found up to southern Arizona and northern Texas.
Papilio torquatus, the torquatus swallowtail, is a swallowtail butterfly in the subfamily Papilioninae. It is found from northern Argentina to Mexico.
Papilio zagreus is a butterfly of the family Papilionidae (swallowtails). It is found in South America, including Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and western Brazil.
Papilio diophantus is a species of swallowtail butterfly from the genus Papilio that is found in Sumatra.
Papilio iswaroides is a species of swallowtail butterfly from the genus Papilio that is found in Malaysia and Sumatra. It was first described by German entomologist Hans Fruhstorfer in 1898.
Papilio nubilus is a rare species of swallowtail butterfly from the genus Papilio that can be found in Borneo.
Papilio sataspes is a species of swallowtail butterfly from the genus Papilio that is found in Sulawesi and Banggai.
Papilio pelaus, the prickly ash swallowtail, is a species of Neotropical swallowtail butterfly from the genus Papilio that is found in Jamaica, Hispaniola, Cuba and Puerto Rico.
Graphium bathycles, the veined jay, is a butterfly in the family Papilionidae, that is found in the Indomalayan realm.
Parides proneus is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is found in Brazil and Paraguay.
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