| Papilio noblei | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Papilionidae |
| Genus: | Papilio |
| Species: | P. noblei |
| Binomial name | |
| Papilio noblei de Nicéville, 1889 | |
| Synonyms | |
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Papilio noblei is a butterfly of the family Papilionidae. It is found in Southeast Asia, from Burma to Vietnam. Recently, this species was also sighted in Namdapha National Park, India. [1]
The wingspan is 100–120 mm. [2] . On the obverse the forewings are black. The hindwings have tails and are black with a large white macule and a red eyespot in the anal angle. On the reverse side the wings are a little lighter, the front wings have a small white macule on the lower edge, the hind wings have a large white macule and a series of orange lunules in the marginal part. The size of the white macules varies greatly depending on the specimen and the season. Caterpillars have a pair of small horns on the head and another pair on the back of the body. Early instar caterpillars are orange-brown and shiny. 4th and 5th instar caterpillars are green with four brown transverse bands, a bulge at the front of the body, and eye-like eyespots on each side to imitate a snake's head. [3]
The female lays eggs on plants in the Rutaceae family . The caterpillars consume the leaves of the host plant and go through five instars. They have several means of escaping predators: like all Papilionids, they carry a forked orange osmeterium behind their head which they deploy when they feel threatened and which gives off a malodorous odor, in addition the caterpillars of the 4th and 5th instars imitate a snake's head. Caterpillars often stay together.The caterpillars change into chrysalis on a branch. The chrysalis is held vertically by a silk belt.There are at least two generations per year. It is a tropical rainforest species.
Papilio noblei is a member of the noblei species group; closely related to the demolion species group. The members of this clade are:
There are two recognised subspecies:
P. noblei Nicev. (— henricus Oberth.) (21 b). Very similar to the preceding species Papilio antonio , but the genitalia quite different. The white spot at the hindmargin of the forewing small, the white area of the hindwing likewise smaller than in P. antonio, only reaching the 2. radial, the costal part of the area especially much narrower than in antonio. The submarginal spots of the hindwing beneath lunular, dark oclire-colour. The body beneath more extended pale yellowish than in antonio. — Upper and Lower Burma, Upper Tenasserim, Central Tonkin. The males rest on the moist sand of the shady banks of rivers; they are very shy and fly up at the least noise, disappearing high above the tree-tops, whence they only return after half an hour or an hour. The females were only taken on Lantana -bushes [4]
Papilio glaucus, the eastern tiger swallowtail, is a species of butterfly native to eastern North America. It is one of the most familiar butterflies in the eastern United States, ranging north to southern Ontario, Canada, and is common in many different habitats. It flies from spring until fall, during which it produces two to three broods. Adults feed on the nectar of many species of flowers, mostly from those of the families Apocynaceae, Asteraceae, and Fabaceae. P. glaucus has a wingspan measuring 7.9 to 14 cm. The male is yellow with four black "tiger stripes" on each forewing. Females may be either yellow or black, making them dimorphic. The yellow morph is similar to the male, but with a conspicuous band of blue spots along the hindwing, while the dark morph is almost completely black.
Papilio polyxenes, the (eastern) black swallowtail, American swallowtail or parsnip swallowtail, is a butterfly found throughout much of North America. An extremely similar-appearing species, Papilio joanae, occurs in the Ozark Mountains region, but it appears to be closely related to Papilio machaon, rather than P. polyxenes. The species is named after the figure in Greek mythology, Polyxena, who was the youngest daughter of King Priam of Troy. Its caterpillar is called the parsley worm because the caterpillar feeds on parsley.
Papilio rutulus, the western tiger swallowtail, is a swallowtail butterfly belonging to the Papilionidae family. The species was first described by Hippolyte Lucas in 1852.
Papilio zelicaon, the anise swallowtail, is a common swallowtail butterfly of western North America. Both the upper and lower sides of its wings are black, but the upper wing has a broad yellow stripe across it, giving the butterfly an overall yellow appearance. There are striking blue spots on the rear edge of the rear wing, and the characteristic tails of the swallowtails. Its wingspan is 52–80 mm. Its body is somewhat shorter than the rather similar western tiger swallowtail, with which its range overlaps; it also lacks the black stripes, converging toward the tail, of the latter. There is a somewhat darker subspecies, P. z. nitra, which is rare throughout the range, though somewhat more often found at lower elevations.
Papilio demoleus is a common and widespread swallowtail butterfly. The butterfly is also known as the lime butterfly, lemon butterfly, lime swallowtail, and chequered swallowtail. These common names refer to their host plants, which are usually citrus species such as the cultivated lime. Unlike most swallowtail butterflies, it does not have a prominent tail. When the adult stage is taken into consideration, the lime swallowtail is the shortest-lived butterfly, with male adults dying after four days and females after a week. The butterfly is native to Asia and Australia, and can be considered an invasive pest in other parts of the world. The butterfly has spread to Hispaniola island in the Western Hemisphere, and to Mahé, Seychelles.
Papilio polytes, the common Mormon, is a common species of swallowtail butterfly widely distributed across Asia.
Papilio paris, the Paris peacock(Myanmar name: ဒေါင်းစိမ်းလိပ်ပြာ), is a species of swallowtail butterfly found in the Indian subcontinent and southeast Asia.
Papilio crino, the common banded peacock, is a species of swallowtail (Papilionidae) butterfly found in parts of the Indian subcontinent, including India, Nepal, Bhutan and Sri Lanka.
Papilio nephelus is a species of swallowtail butterfly belonging to the family Papilionidae. Subspecies include P. n. chaon, the yellow Helen, and P. n. sunatus, the black and white Helen.
Papilio buddha, the Malabar banded peacock, is a species of swallowtail butterfly found in the Western Ghats of India. The Government of Kerala declared it as the official Kerala state butterfly.
Papilio mayo, the Andaman Mormon, is a species of swallowtail butterfly that is endemic to the Andamans in the Bay of Bengal. It is a species that is protected by Indian Law. The scientific name honours Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo, who was assassinated at Port Blair the year before the butterfly was discovered.
The giant swallowtail is the largest butterfly in North America. It is abundant through many parts of eastern North America; populations from western North America and down into Panama are now considered to belong to a different species, Papilio rumiko. Though it is often valued in gardens for its striking appearance, its larval stage can be a serious pest to citrus farms, which has earned its caterpillars the names orange dog or orange puppy. The giant swallowtail caterpillars possess remarkable camouflage from predators by closely resembling bird droppings. They use this, along with their osmeteria, to defend against predators such as wasps, flies, and vertebrates.
Papilio demodocus, the citrus swallowtail or Christmas butterfly, is a swallowtail butterfly which commonly occurs over the entirety of sub-Saharan Africa, including Madagascar, besides the southern Arabian Peninsula. The caterpillars feed on various native plants of especially the family Rutaceae, but have also taken to the leaves of cultivated citrus trees.
Papilio aegeus, the orchard swallowtail butterfly or large citrus butterfly is a species of butterfly from the family Papilionidae, that is found in eastern Australia and Papua New Guinea.
Papilio xuthus, the Asian swallowtail, Chinese yellow swallowtail, Japanese Swallowtail, or Xuthus swallowtail, is a yellow-colored, medium to large sized swallowtail butterfly found in northeast Asia, northern Myanmar, southern China, Taiwan, the Korean Peninsula, Japan, Siberia and the Hawaiian Islands. The butterfly has been observed once in Dunedin, New Zealand in 1996 emerging from a chrysalis in a car yard specializing in Japanese used cars; it is thought the chrysalis arrived through one of the cars. It was also recorded in the state of Arunachal Pradesh, India, in 2014.
Papilio palamedes, the Palamedes swallowtail or laurel swallowtail, is a North American butterfly in the family Papilionidae.
Papilio antonio is a butterfly of the family Papilionidae. It is endemic to the Philippines.
Papilio plagiatus, the mountain mimetic swallowtail, is a butterfly of the family Papilionidae. It is found in the forests of Nigeria, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, southern Sudan, the Republic of the Congo, Uganda and the northern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The habitat mainly consists of submontane forests but adults may also be found flying in lowland forests.
Papilio rumiko is a species of swallowtail butterfly. It is found from the south-western United States, through Mexico, El Salvador, Honduras, Costa Rica to Panama. The northernmost record is north-eastern Colorado.
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