Papuan eclectus

Papuan eclectus
Female
Male
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) [1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Psittaciformes
Family:	Psittaculidae
Genus:	Eclectus
Species:	E. polychloros
Binomial name
Eclectus polychloros (Scopoli, 1786)

The Papuan eclectus, ^[2] red-sided eclectus, or New Guinea eclectus ^[3] (Eclectus polychloros) is a parrot species which is native to New Guinea. Larger than the Moluccan eclectus, the green plumage of the male only has a slight yellow tinge and the tail is tipped with a half-inch yellow band. The central tail feathers are green and lateral ones blue and green. It is widely distributed from Kai Islands and western islands of the West Papua province in the west, across the island of New Guinea to the Trobriands, D'Entrecasteaux Islands, Louisiade Archipelago, Bismarck Archipelago, and Solomon Islands to the east, and south to the northern Cape York Peninsula of Australia. It has also been introduced to the Goram Islands, Indonesia. ^[4]

Subspecies

• E. p. polychloros, known as the Papuan eclectus, was named by Scopoli . Larger than the nominate race, the green plumage of the male only has a slight yellow tinge and the tail is tipped with a half-inch yellow band. The central tail feathers are green and lateral ones blue and green. It is widely distributed from Kai Islands and western islands of the West Papua province in the west, across the island of New Guinea to the Trobriands, D'Entrecasteaux Islands, and Louisiade Archipelago to the east. It has also been introduced to the Goram Islands, Indonesia. ^[4]
• E. p. macgillivrayi, known as the Australian eclectus, was named by Gregory Mathews in 1912. It is found on the tip of Cape York Peninsula. It resembles E. p. polychloros, but is larger overall. ^[4]
• E. p. solomonensis, known as the Solomon Island eclectus, resembles E. p. polychloros, but is smaller overall with smaller bills and paler orange in the upper mandible of the male. The green of the male has a more yellow tint, quite similar to the green of E. r. vosmaeri . ^[4]

The following were previously considered to be valid subspecies, but are now included within the nominate ssp., E. p. polychloros by the IOC. ^[5] They are still considered as separate subspecies under the taxonomy utilized by BirdLife International. ^[6]

• Aru Island eclectus parrot (E. p. aruensis) – While some believe this bird is doubtfully valid from E. p. polychloros, others believe it is a distinct subspecies, as the rich yellow on the tail tip of the male often is infused with pink, orange, or bright red. At this point, no male eclectus in other subspecies has been described with this type of tail feather coloring. The Aru Island eclectus specimens are also larger than E. p. polychloros, often weighing 100 grams or more than E. p. polychloros.

• Biak Island eclectus parrot (E. p. biaki) – While some believe the Biak eclectus is doubtfully valid from E. p. polychloros, others believe it is a distinct subspecies due to the size difference, vocalization, and behavior differences.

Breeding

The Papuan eclectus nests in tree cavities and breeds from April to September. Two eggs are typically laid. ^[7]

Aviculture

The Papuan eclectus is a popular pet parrot and there is a large avicultural population. ^[3] Many Papuan eclectus in captivity in Australia are apparently hybrids between subspecies E. p. polychloros and E. p. solomonensis, as Taronga Zoo Sydney had a flock of these two subspecies in a large aviary many years ago. Specimens of the Australian subspecies E. p. macgillivrayi have only recently entered the aviculture market in Australia and are more expensive. ^[8]

The World Parrot Trust recommends that the Papuan eclectus be kept in an enclosure with a minimum length of 3 metres (9.8 ft). It may live for up to 50 years in captivity. ^[7]

Songs and calls Listen to the Papuan eclectus on xeno-canto

References

1. BirdLife International (2019). "Eclectus polychloros". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019 e.T155073767A155087778. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
2. Steadman, David William (2006). Extinction and Biogeography of Tropical Pacific Birds. University of Chicago Press. p. 525. ISBN   0-226-77142-3.
3. Taylor, Graham. "New Guinea eclectus". Subspecies info. Retrieved 5 February 2023.
4. Forshaw, Joseph M. & Cooper, William T. (1978). Parrots of the World (2nd ed.). Melbourne, AU: Landsdowne Editions. pp. 202–207. ISBN   0-7018-0690-7.
5. "Parrots, cockatoos". IOC World Bird List. Archived from the original on 12 December 2021. Retrieved 5 February 2023.
6. "Species factsheet: Eclectus polychloros". BirdLife International. Retrieved 5 February 2023.
7. "PAPUAN ECLECTUS (Eclectus polychloros)". World Parrot Trust. Retrieved 17 February 2023.
8. Forshaw, 2006