Psittaculidae

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Psittaculidae
Rose-ringed Parakeets (Male & Female)- During Foreplay at Hodal I Picture 0034.jpg
Rose-ringed parakeets (Psittacula krameri)
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Psittaciformes
Superfamily: Psittacoidea
Family: Psittaculidae
Vigors, 1825
Subfamilies

Psittaculidae is a family containing Old World parrots. It consists of six subfamilies: Psittrichasinae, Agapornithinae, Loriinae, Platycercinae, Psittacellinae and Psittaculinae.

Taxonomy

The following cladogram shows how the family Psittaculidae relates to the three other families in the order Psittaciformes. The tree is based on the work by Leo Joseph and collaborators published in 2012 but with the choice of families and the number of species in each family taken from the list maintained by Frank Gill, Pamela Rasmussen and David Donsker on behalf of the International Ornithological Committee (IOC), now the International Ornithologists' Union. [1] [2] Joseph and collaborators proposed that the genera Psittrichas and Coracopsis should be placed in their own family, Psittrichasidae. [1] This proposal has not been adopted by taxonomists involved in curating lists of the world birds and instead these two genera are included in an expanded family Psittaculidae. [2] [3] [4] [5]

Psittaciformes

Strigopidae – New Zealand parrots (4 species)

Cacatuidae – Cockatoos (22 species)

Psittacidae – African and New World parrots (179 species)

Psittaculidae – Old World parrots (203 species)

The family Psittaculidae contains 203 species and is divided into 54 genera. Included are 13 species that have become extinct in historical times. [2] The following cladogram showing the generic relationships is based on a molecular phylogenetic study by Brian Smith and collaborators that was published in 2023. In the analysis two pairs of genera were found not to be monophyletic. These were Psittacula with Tanygnathus and Cyclopsitta with Psittaculirostris . [6] The number of species in each genus is taken from the IOC list. [2]

Psittaculidae
Psittrichasinae

Psittrichas – Pesquet's parrot

Coracopsis – parrots (4 species)

Psittaculinae

Micropsitta – pygmy parrots (6 species)

Alisterus – king parrots (3 species)

Aprosmictus – parrots (2 species)

Polytelis – parrots (3 species)

Prioniturus – racket-tails (10 species)

Eclectus – eclectus parrots (5 species)

Geoffroyus – parrots (3 species)

Psittinus – parrots (2 species)

Psittacula , Tanygnathus – parakeets, parrots (16 + 5 species)

Psittacellinae

Psittacella – tiger parrots (4 species)

Platycercinae

Pezoporus – parrots (3 species)

Neopsephotus – Bourke's parrot

Neophema – parrots (6 species)

Lathamus – swift parrot

Prosopeia – shining parrots (3 species)

Eunymphicus – parakeets (2 species)

Cyanoramphus – parakeets (12 species)

Barnardius – Australian ringneck

Platycercus – rosellas (6 species)

Psephotus – red-rumped parrot

Northiella – bluebonnets (2 species)

Purpureicephalus – red-capped parrot

Psephotellus – parrots (4 species)

Agapornithinae

Bolbopsittacus – guaiabero

Agapornis – lovebirds (9 species)

Loriculus – hanging parrots (15 species)

Loriinae

Cyclopsitta , Psittaculirostris – fig parrots (4, 3 species)

Melopsittacus – budgerigar

Oreopsittacus – plum-faced lorikeet

Charminetta – pygmy lorikeet

Hypocharmosyna – lorikeets (2 species)

Charmosynopsis – lorikeets (2 species)

Synorhacma – striated lorikeet

Charmosyna – lorikeets (3 species)

Charmosynoides – duchess lorikeet

Vini – lorikeets (11 species)

Neopsittacus – lorikeets (2 species)

Lorius – lories (6 species)

Psitteuteles – varied lorikeet

Parvipsitta – lorikeets (2 species)

Pseudeos – lories (2 species)

Chalcopsitta – lories (3 species)

Glossoptilus – Goldie's lorikeet

Saudareos – lorikeets (5 species)

Eos – lories (6 species)

Glossopsitta – musk lorikeet

Trichoglossus – lorikeets (10 species)

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Psittacidae</span> Family of birds

The family Psittacidae or holotropical parrots is one of three families of true parrots. It comprises the 12 species of subfamily Psittacinae and 167 of subfamily Arinae including several species that have gone extinct in recent centuries. Some of the most iconic birds in the world are represented here, such as the blue-and-yellow macaw among the New World parrots and the grey parrot among the Old World parrots.

<i>Nestor</i> (genus) Genus of birds

The genus Nestor is one of the two extant genera of the parrot family Strigopidae. Together with the kakapo, and the extinct parrots in the genus Nelepsittacus, they form the parrot superfamily Strigopoidea. The Nestor's genus contains two extant parrot species from New Zealand and two extinct species from Norfolk Island, Australia and Chatham Island, New Zealand, respectively. All species are large stocky birds with short squarish tails. A defining characteristic of the genus is the tongue, which is tipped with a hair-like fringe. The superficial resemblance of this tongue to that of lorikeets has led some taxonomists to consider the two groups closely related, but DNA evidence shows they are not.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">True parrot</span> Superfamily of birds

The true parrots are about 350 species of hook-billed, mostly herbivorous birds forming the two superfamilies Psittacidae, and Psittaculidae, two of the three superfamilies in the biological order Psittaciformes (parrots). True parrots are widespread, with species in Mexico, Central and South America, sub-Saharan Africa, India, Southeast Asia, Australia, and eastwards across the Pacific Ocean as far as Polynesia. The true parrots include many of the familiar parrots including macaws, conures, lorikeets, eclectus, Amazon parrots, grey parrot, and budgerigar. Most true parrots are colourful and flighted, with a few notable exceptions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Loriinae</span> Subfamily of birds

Loriinae is a subfamily of psittacine birds, one of the six subfamilies that make up the family Psittaculidae. It consists of three tribes, the lories and lorikeets (Loriini), the budgerigar (Melopsittacini) and the fig parrots (Cyclopsittini), which are small birds, mostly of bright colors and inhabitants of Oceania and the islands of Southeast Asia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vasa parrot</span> Genus of birds

The vasa parrots that form the genus Coracopsis are four species of parrot in the Old World parrot family Psittaculidae that are endemic to Madagascar and other islands in the western Indian Ocean. Some taxonomists formerly placed the species in the genus in Mascarinus, but this is now thought to be based on the results of a heavily flawed, later-debunked genetic study.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lesser vasa parrot</span> Species of bird

The lesser vasa parrot or black parrot is a black coloured parrot endemic to most of Madagascar. It is one of four species of vasa parrots, the others being the greater vasa parrot, the Seychelles black parrot, and the Comoros black parrot. The latter two were formerly considered conspecific with the lesser vasa parrot.

<i>Cacatua</i> Genus of birds

Cacatua is a genus of cockatoos found from the Philippines and Wallacea east to the Solomon Islands and south to Australia. They have a primarily white plumage, an expressive crest, and a black or pale bill. Today, several species from this genus are considered threatened due to a combination of habitat loss and capture for the wild bird trade, with the blue-eyed cockatoo, Moluccan cockatoo, and umbrella cockatoo considered vulnerable, and the red-vented cockatoo and yellow-crested cockatoo considered critically endangered.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neotropical parrot</span> Subfamily of birds

The neotropical parrots or New World parrots comprise about 150 species in 32 genera found throughout South and Central America, Mexico, the Caribbean islands and (formerly) the southern United States. Among them are some of the most familiar and iconic parrots, including the blue and gold macaw, sun conure, and yellow-headed amazon.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Purple-naped lory</span> Species of bird

The purple-naped lory is a species of parrot in the family Psittaculidae. It is forest-dwelling endemic to the islands of Seram, Ambon, and perhaps also Haruku and Saparua, South Maluku, Indonesia. It is considered endangered, the main threat being from trapping for the cage-bird trade.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trochilinae</span> Subfamily of hummingbirds

Trochilinae is one of the six subfamilies that make up the hummingbird family Trochilidae.

<i>Aprosmictus</i> Genus of birds

Aprosmictus is a genus of parrots in the family Psittaculidae native to Oceania. Several former members, including the Australian king parrot, are now placed in the genus Alisterus.

<i>Chalcopsitta</i> Genus of birds

Chalcopsitta is a genus of parrot in the family Psittaculidae and the subfamily Loriinae. All three species are native to New Guinea and western offshore islands. The name Chalcopsitta is derived from the Greek khalkos meaning "bronze" and psitta meaning "parrot".

<i>Charmosyna</i> Genus of birds

Charmosyna is a genus of parrots in the family Psittaculidae. The three currently recognized species inhabit moist forests on the island of New Guinea.

Meek's lorikeet is a species of parrot in the family Psittaculidae. It is found on Bougainville Island in Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest. It is threatened by habitat loss.

<i>Psittaculirostris</i> Genus of birds

Psittaculirostris is a genus of parrots in the family Psittaculidae found in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tyrannides</span> Clade of birds

Tyrannides is a clade of passerine birds that are endemic to the Americas. This group is divided into two clades that contain eleven families. The families listed here are those recognised by the International Ornithologists' Union (IOC).

<i>Psittacara</i> Genus of birds

Psittacara is a genus of parakeets in the tribe Arini. Species of the genus are found in Central and South America, the Caribbean and one species reaching the southern United States. Until 2013, all the species were placed in the genus Aratinga. Many of the Psittacara species are kept in aviculture or as companion parrots, where they are commonly known as conures.

<i>Eupsittula</i> Genus of birds

Eupsittula is a genus of South and Middle American parakeets in the tribe Arini. Until 2013, all the species were believed to belong to the genus Aratinga. Some of the Eupsittula species are kept in aviculture or as companion parrots, where they are commonly known as conures.

<i>Saudareos</i> Genus of birds

Saudareos is a genus of parrot in the family Psittaculidae. Species identified within this genus include lorikeets from the Phillipines and Indonesia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yellow-cheeked lorikeet</span> Species of bird

The yellow-cheeked lorikeet is a species of parrot in the family Psittaculidae. It is endemic to Sulawesi in Indonesia. It is generally common.

References

  1. 1 2 Joseph, L.; Toon, A.; Schirtzinger, E.E.; Wright, T.F.; Schodde, R. (2012). "A revised nomenclature and classification for family-group taxa of parrots (Psittaciformes)". Zootaxa. 3205 (1): 26–40. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3205.1.2.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2023). "Parrots, cockatoos". IOC World Bird List Version 13.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 22 September 2023.
  3. Dickinson, E.C.; Remsen, J.V. Jr., eds. (2013). The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World . Vol. 1: Non-passerines (4th ed.). Eastbourne, UK: Aves Press. pp. 369–370. ISBN   978-0-9568611-0-8.
  4. Clements, J.F.; Schulenberg, T.S.; Iliff, M.J.; Fredericks, T.A.; Gerbracht, J.A.; Lepage, D.; Billerman, S.M.; Sullivan, B.L.; Wood, C.L. (2022). "The eBird/Clements Checklist of Birds of the World: v2022" . Retrieved 18 June 2023.
  5. "HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v7". Birdlife International. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
  6. Smith, B.T.; Merwin, J.; Provost, K.L.; Thom, G.; Brumfield, R.T.; Ferreira, M.; Mauck, W.M.I.; Moyle, R.G.; Wright, T.F.; Joseph, L. (2023). "Phylogenomic analysis of the parrots of the world distinguishes artifactual from biological sources of gene tree discordance". Systematic Biology. 72 (1): 228–241. doi: 10.1093/sysbio/syac055 .