Para foliage-gleaner

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Para foliage-gleaner
Automolus paraensis - Para Foliage-gleaner; Carajas National Forest, Para, Brazil.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Furnariidae
Genus: Automolus
Species:
A. paraensis
Binomial name
Automolus paraensis
Hartert, 1902
Automolus paraensis map.svg
Synonyms

Automolus infuscatus paraensis

The Para foliage-gleaner (Automolus paraensis) is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is endemic to Brazil. [2]

Contents

Taxonomy and systematics

The Para foliage-gleaner was previously treated as a subspecies of the olive-backed foliage-gleaner (A. infuscatus). A 2002 publication detailed significant vocal differences between them; based on that evidence major taxonomic systems elevated it to species rank. [3] [2] [4] [5] [6] The Para foliage-gleaner, olive-backed foliage-gleaner, Pernambuco foliage-gleaner (A. lammi), and white-eyed foliage-gleaner (A. leucophthalmus) form a superspecies. [4]

The Para foliage-gleaner is monotypic. [2]

Description

The Para foliage-gleaner is 18 to 19 cm (7.1 to 7.5 in) long and weighs 32 to 41 g (1.1 to 1.4 oz). It is a fairly large member of its genus and has a heavy bill. The sexes have the same plumage, and differ very little from the formerly conspecific olive-backed foliage-gleaner. Adults have a mostly blackish brown face with reddish streaks on the ear coverts and grizzled blackish brown and buff lores. Their forehead is blackish brown with wide but inconspicuous rufescent brown streaks that become faint scallops on the grayish brown crown. They have a vague dark brown collar with faint light brown streaks. Their back and rump are rich dark olivaceous-brown that blends to dark reddish brown uppertail coverts. Their wing coverts are rich dark brown and their flight feathers slightly paler with a rufescent tinge. Their tail is dark rufous. Their throat and the sides of their neck are white, their center breast white with a gray wash that becomes buffy before their light buff-brownish belly. The sides of their breast are dark olive-brown, their flanks rufescent brown, and their undertail coverts pale brown. Their iris is dark brown, light brown, or hazel; their maxilla black to dark olive-horn; their mandible olive horn to gray to pale brown; and their legs and feet grayish green to yellowish olive. Juveniles are slightly darker and duller than adults. [7] [8]

Distribution and habitat

The Para foliage-gleaner is found only in Brazil south of the Amazon, from the right bank of the Rio Madeira east to the Atlantic in Maranhão state and south to Rondônia and Mato Grosso states. It inhabits tropical evergreen forest, primarily terra firme but also várzea and secondary forest. In elevation it ranges from near sea level to 700 m (2,300 ft). [7] [8]

Behavior

Movement

The Para foliage-gleaner is a year-round resident throughout its range. [7]

Feeding

The Para foliage-gleaner feeds on a variety of larval and adult insects and spiders, and also eats small lizards. It forages singly or in pairs, and most of the time as part of a mixed-species feeding flock. It feeds mostly in the forest undergrowth though it occasionally will do so to the mid-storey but only rarely to the subcanopy. It acrobatically gleans and pulls prey from epiphytes, debris, bark crevices, and especially from clumps of dead leaves. [7]

Breeding

The Para foliage-gleaner's breeding season has not been defined but includes at least January and February. It builds a cup nest of plant fibers in a chamber at the end of a tunnel it excavates in an earthen bank. The clutch size is two eggs. Nothing else is known about its breeding biology. [7]

Vocalization

The Para foliage-gleaner's song is a "very high, penetrating, sharp 'kreet-kreetkrititit', slightly descending". Its call is a nasal "wheet wheet". [8]

Status

The IUCN has assessed the Para foliage-gleaner as being of Least Concern. It has a large range, but its population size is not known and is believed to be decreasing. No immediate threats have been identified. [1] It is considered common to fairly common in most of its range and occurs in many protected areas. It appears able to persist in fairly small forest fragments. [7]

Related Research Articles

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The scaly-throated foliage-gleaner, also known as the spectacled foliage-gleaner, is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Mexico, in every Central American country except Nicaragua, and in Colombia and Ecuador.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Olive-backed foliage-gleaner</span> Species of bird

The olive-backed foliage-gleaner is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in every mainland South American country except Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">White-eyed foliage-gleaner</span> Species of bird

The white-eyed foliage-gleaner is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brown-rumped foliage-gleaner</span> Species of bird

The brown-rumped foliage-gleaner is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ochre-throated foliage-gleaner</span> Species of bird

The ochre-throated foliage-gleaner is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Panama and every mainland South American country except Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tepui foliage-gleaner</span> Species of bird

The tepui foliage-gleaner, also known as the white-throated foliage-gleaner, is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Brazil, Guyana and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ruddy foliage-gleaner</span> Species of bird

The ruddy foliage-gleaner is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. Its range is highly disjunct, with populations in Mexico, several Central American countries, and in every mainland South American country except Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chestnut-crowned foliage-gleaner</span> Species of bird

The chestnut-crowned foliage-gleaner is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Henna-capped foliage-gleaner</span> Species of bird

The henna-capped foliage-gleaner or chestnut-capped foliage-gleaner is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Brazil and Paraguay.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eastern woodhaunter</span> Species of bird

The eastern woodhaunter, also known as the Amazonian woodhaunter, is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chestnut-winged foliage-gleaner</span> Species of bird

The chestnut-winged foliage-gleaner is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rufous-tailed foliage-gleaner</span> Species of bird

The rufous-tailed foliage-gleaner is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela, and possibly French Guiana.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Buff-fronted foliage-gleaner</span> Species of bird

The buff-fronted foliage-gleaner is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rufous-necked foliage-gleaner</span> Species of bird

The rufous-necked foliage-gleaner is a Vulnerable species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Ecuador and Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lineated foliage-gleaner</span> Species of bird

The lineated foliage-gleaner is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black-billed treehunter</span> Species of bird

The black-billed treehunter is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pernambuco foliage-gleaner</span> Species of bird

The Pernambuco foliage-gleaner is an Endangered species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is endemic to northeastern Brazil.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Santa Marta foliage-gleaner</span> Species of bird

The Santa Marta foliage-gleaner is a Vulnerable species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is endemic to Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in Colombia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chiriqui foliage-gleaner</span> Species of bird

The Chiriqui foliage-gleaner is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Costa Rica and Panama.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fawn-throated foliage-gleaner</span> Species of bird

The fawn-throated foliage-gleaner is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama.

References

  1. 1 2 BirdLife International (2016). "Para Foliage-gleaner Automolus paraensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22731952A104054913. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22731952A104054913.en . Retrieved 8 September 2023.
  2. 1 2 3 Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2023). "Ovenbirds, woodcreepers". IOC World Bird List. v 13.2. Retrieved July 31, 2023.
  3. Zimmer, K. J. (2002). Species limits in Olive-backed Foliage-gleaners. Wilson Bull. 114: 20–37.
  4. 1 2 Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 31 May 2023. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved May 31, 2023
  5. Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2022. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2022. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ retrieved November 10, 2022
  6. HBW and BirdLife International (2022) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 7. Available at: https://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v7_Dec22.zip retrieved December 13, 2022
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 del Hoyo, J., N. Collar, and G. M. Kirwan (2020). Para Foliage-gleaner (Automolus paraensis), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.parfog1.01 retrieved September 8, 2023
  8. 1 2 3 van Perlo, Ber (2009). A Field Guide to the Birds of Brazil. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 226. ISBN   978-0-19-530155-7.