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The Chironomidae comprise a family of nematoceran flies with a global distribution. They are closely related to the Ceratopogonidae, Simuliidae, and Thaumaleidae. Many species superficially resemble mosquitoes, but they lack the wing scales and elongated mouthparts of the Culicidae. An example of mosquito-resembling species is Tokunagayusurika akamusi.
Thaumaleidae, the solitary midges or trickle midges, are a group of nematoceran flies related to the Ceratopogonidae, Chironomidae, and the Simuliidae. They are small, stocky, yellow to brown flies (3–4 mm). Very few species are known for this family. Larvae are found in films on rocks and the nonfeeding adults are usually found on foliage along the same streams in which the larvae are found. A few solitary midges are found in the Southern Hemisphere, but Thaumaleidae are generally an Holarctic family.
The genus Axarus is widely distributed with records from the Holarctic, the Neotropics and Australasia . There are currently 5 described nearctic species . Erected as a subgenus (Anceus) of Xenochironomus , Axarus was subsequently renamed and elevated to generic status . The Connecticut River in the eastern United States harbors locally dense populations of two Axarus species, both currently undescribed. These populations are interesting in that they are restricted to specific larval habitat and thus there is genetic structure between populations in the river . The Connecticut River species are also notable in that they have extremely well developed polytene chromosomes and also maintain a high degree of inversion polymorphism .
Asheum is a genus of European non-biting midges in the subfamily Chironominae of the bloodworm family Chironomidae. It was originally named Pedionomus by James E. Sublette in 1964; this name was discovered by Dr. Patrick Ashe to be preoccupied by PedionomusGould, 1840, so it was renamed to Asheum by both James E. and Mary S. Sublette in 1983, naming it after Dr. Patrick Ashe. Asheum is sometimes considered to be a subgenus of Polypedilum.
Apometriocnemus is a genus of non-biting midges in the subfamily Chironominae of the bloodworm family Chironomidae.
Apedilum is a genus of non-biting midges of the bloodworm family Chironomidae. The genus was previously considered a junior synonym of Paralauterborniella, but was restored as a separate genus by J. H. Epler (1988) for the species A. elachistus and A. subcinctum.
Clunio is a genus of non-biting midges in the subfamily Orthocladiinae of the bloodworm family (Chironomidae). All species in the genus are marine. They are found in the intertidal zone of many coasts worldwide. The species Clunio marinus is a long-standing model system in Chronobiology and its genome has been sequenced. Clunio species can be dispersed widely by hitch-hiking on sea-turtles, feeding on algae growing on their carapace.
Chironomus is a genus of nonbiting midges in the subfamily Chironominae of the bloodworm family, Chironomidae, containing several cryptic species that can only be distinguished by experts based on the characteristics of their giant chromosomes. The larvae of several species inhabit the profundal zone where they can reach relatively high densities. They use a combination of hemoglobin-like proteins and undulatory movements in their burrows to obtain oxygen in poorly oxygenated habitats.
Chironominae is a subfamily of midges in the non-biting midge family (Chironomidae).
Chironomini is a tribe of midges in the non-biting midge family (Chironomidae).
Beckidia is a genus of European and African non-biting midges in the subfamily Chironominae of the bloodworm family Chironomidae.
Polypedilum is a genus of non-biting midges in the subfamily Chironominae of the bloodworm family Chironomidae. This is probably the most species-rich of all chironomid genera. Larvae of Polypedilum may also be among the most abundant invertebrates in euthrophic ponds, reaching densities of up to 1200 larvae per square meter.
Dicrotendipes is a worldwide genus of non-biting midges in the subfamily Chironominae of the bloodworm family Chironomidae.
Cladopelma is a genus of non-biting midges in the subfamily Chironominae and tribe Chironomini of the bloodworm family Chironomidae. Species are distributed world-wide, with species represented in the Palaearctic, Nearctic, Neotropical, Afrotropical, Sino-Indian, and Austroasian regions.
Zavrelia is a genus of European non-biting midges in the subfamily Chironominae of the bloodworm family Chironomidae.
Beardius is a genus of Pan-American non-biting midges in the subfamily Chironominae of the bloodworm family Chironomidae. It is named after the late Melvin Beard, a student at Eastern New Mexico University.
Platysmittia is a genus of midges in the non-biting midge family (Chironomidae).
Afrozavrelia is a genus of European non-biting midges in the subfamily Chironominae of the bloodworm family Chironomidae that are closely related to Zavrelia.
Pontomyia is a genus of flightless marine midges belonging to the subfamily Chironominae in the Chironomidae family. Insects in marine environments are extremely rare while flightlessness, extreme sexual dimorphism, and an extremely short adult life span contribute to making these midges unusual among insects. They are known from the shores of islands in the Indian, Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
Apedilum elachistus is a species of midge in the family Chironomidae.
References
- 1 2 Lenz, F. (1941). "Die jugendstadien der Sectio Chironomariae (Tendipedini) connectentes (Subf. Chironominae = Tendipedinae). Zusammenfassung und Revision". Archiv für Hydrobiologie. 38: 1–69. hdl:2027/mdp.39015000407885.
- ↑ Epler, J. H. (1988). "A reconsideration of the genus Apedilum Townes, 1945 (Diptera, Chironomidae)". Spixiana . Supplement 14: 105–116.
- ↑ Tang, H. (2016). "Paralauterborniella from Oriental China (Diptera: Chironomidae)". Oriental Insects. 50 (4): 160–170. doi:10.1080/00305316.2016.1217799.
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