Patapsco Valley

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Patapsco Valley
Patapsco River Valley
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McKeldin Rapids, McKeldin Recreation Area
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Patapsco Valley
Location of the Patapsco Valley in Maryland
Floor elevation260
Length39 miles (63 km)North-South
Geography
Location Anne Arundel County, Baltimore County, Howard County, Carroll County, Maryland
Population centers Brooklyn Park
Catonsville
Ellicott City
Elkridge
Lansdowne
Linthicum
Marriottsville
Daniels
Hanover
Sykesville
Woodbine
Woodstock
Borders on Elkridge Landing(south)
Liberty Reservoir (north)
Coordinates 39°17′N76°47′W / 39.29°N 76.78°W / 39.29; -76.78 Coordinates: 39°17′N76°47′W / 39.29°N 76.78°W / 39.29; -76.78
Traversed by Interstate 70
Interstate 95
Metropolitan Boulevard (I-195)
Harbor Tunnel Thruway (I-895)
Annapolis Road (MD 648)
Belle Grove Road (MD 170)
Frederick Road (MD 144)
US Route 40
Nursery Road
Rolling Road (MD 166)
Old Court Road (MD 125)
Montgomery Road
Old Washington Road (MD 97)
Sykesville Road (MD 32)
Woodbine Road (MD 94)

The Patapsco Valley is a small valley surrounding the Patapsco River in central Maryland. The region is known for its historical significance as a major economic and industrial center in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

Contents

Geography

Patapsco Valley Watershed Map Patapsco Valley Watershed Map.png
Patapsco Valley Watershed Map

The Patapsco Valley follows the Patapsco River, a major river flowing into the Chesapeake Bay. The valley is mostly wooded with various steep elevations as the valley travels north. The valley begins in Elkridge Landing and runs north through a number of mill town communities until the river splits into two segments. Liberty Dam and its reservoir, located on the North Branch, is a major component of the Baltimore city water system. [1] Besides Baltimore, the river also flows past Ellicott City (the county seat of Howard County) and Elkridge. The South Branch of the river flows east from its source in Marriottsville, Maryland.

Patapsco Valley State Park is adjacent to 32 miles (51 km) of the Patapsco and its branches, encompassing a total of 14,000 acres (5,700 ha) in five different areas. The river cuts a gorge 100–200 feet (35–70 m) deep within the park, which features rocky cliffs and tributary waterfalls.

The valley contains the communities of Catonsville, Ellicott City, Elkridge, Woodstock, Daniels, Hanover, and many others.

The valley is drained by the Patapsco River and its tributaries.

History

View of the valley from Ellicott City Ellicott City, Maryland (7391807448).jpg
View of the valley from Ellicott City

John Smith was the first European to explore the river noting it on his 1612 map as the Bolus River. The "Red river", was named after the clay color, and is considered the "old Bolus", as other branches were also labelled Bolus on maps. [2] As the river was not navigable beyond Elkridge, it was not a major path of commerce with only one ship listed as serving the northern branch, and four others operating around the mouth in 1723. [3] The Patapsco valley was used as the route of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad's original main line west constructed from 1829 onwards, and this route remains, though much altered. Many old railroad bridges were constructed in the valley, most notably the Thomas Viaduct and the Patterson Viaduct, of which ruins remain. Flour mills and a hydropower dam were formerly powered by the river.

The valley is prone to flooding, though at long intervals. Modern floods include one in 1868 that washed away 14 houses killing 39 around Ellicott City. A 1923 flood topped bridges. In 1952 an eight-foot wall of water swept the shops of Ellicott City and a 1956 flood inflicted heavy damage at the Bartigis Brothers plant. [4] In 1972, Ellicott City and the Old Main Line railroad sustained serious damage as a result of rainfall from the remnants of Hurricane Agnes.

During the 2010s, Ellicott City was impacted by two significant flood events in 2016 and 2018. These flood events were also due to significant rainfall, in which stormwater overflowed from the Tiber River and Hudson Branch tributaries of the Patapsco River. Due to much of Main Street being built on top of the natural course of the Tiber River, the stormwater was forced to exit via the Main Street channel into the Patapsco during both storms. Many in the community cite the high amount of impervious surface and overdevelopment throughout greater Ellicott City to be a contributing issue to these types of floods. [5]

The mouth of the Patapsco River forms Baltimore harbor, the site of the Battle of Baltimore during the War of 1812. This is where Francis Scott Key, while aboard a British ship, wrote "The Star-Spangled Banner," a poem later set to music as the national anthem of the United States. Today, a red, white, and blue buoy marks the spot where HMS Tonnant was anchored.

Wildlife

Patapsco Valley is considered to be a major hub for wildlife in Central Maryland. In fact, it is noted as habitat hub and corridor by the Howard County Green infrastructure network. [6] Conservation efforts have been made to protect this status through preservation easements along the Patapsco Valley State Park interface. The headquarters of the Howard County Conservancy is located in the upper valley in the town of Woodstock.

The valley is home to typical flora and fauna found in Central Maryland. Numerous sightings of the American black bear have been reported in the state park and surrounding area. In 2016, the Maryland Department of Natural Resources Police filmed a sighting in Catonsville, Maryland. [7]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Catonsville, Maryland</span> Census-designated place in Maryland, United States

Catonsville is a census-designated place (CDP) in Baltimore County, Maryland. The population was 41,567 at the 2010 census. The community lies to the west of Baltimore along the city's border. Catonsville contains the majority of the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), a major public research university with close to 14,000 students.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Elkridge, Maryland</span> Census-designated place in Maryland, United States of America

Elkridge is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Howard County, Maryland, United States. The population was 15,593 at the 2010 census. Founded early in the 18th century, Elkridge is adjacent to two other counties, Anne Arundel and Baltimore.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ellicott City, Maryland</span> Census-designated place in Maryland, United States

Ellicott City is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in, and the county seat of, Howard County, Maryland, United States. Part of the Baltimore metropolitan area, its population was 65,834 at the 2010 census, making it the most populous unincorporated county seat in the country.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Patapsco River</span> River in Maryland, United States

The Patapsco River mainstem is a 39-mile-long (63 km) river in central Maryland that flows into the Chesapeake Bay. The river's tidal portion forms the harbor for the city of Baltimore. With its South Branch, the Patapsco forms the northern border of Howard County, Maryland. The name "Patapsco" is derived from the Algonquian pota-psk-ut, which translates to "backwater" or "tide covered with froth."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oella, Maryland</span> Historic district in Maryland, United States

Oella is a mill town on the Patapsco River in western Baltimore County, Maryland, United States, located between Catonsville and Ellicott City. It is a 19th-century village of millworkers' homes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Maryland Route 103</span> State highway in Maryland, United States

Maryland Route 103 is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland. The state highway runs 8.29 miles (13.34 km) from St. Johns Lane in Ellicott City east to Parkway Drive South in Hanover. MD 103 serves as the local complement to MD 100 from Ellicott City in northeastern Howard County through Dorsey to Hanover in northwestern Anne Arundel County. The state highway was constructed from U.S. Route 1 in Elkridge to US 29 in Ellicott City in the 1920s. MD 103's eastern terminus was relocated from Elkridge to US 1 near Dorsey in 1956. When MD 100 was constructed between Glen Burnie and Ellicott City in the 1990s, the state highway was extended to its present western and eastern termini. MD 103 replaced MD 176 from US 1 east to near MD 295.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thomas Viaduct</span> Railroad bridge in Maryland, US

The Thomas Viaduct spans the Patapsco River and Patapsco Valley between Relay, Maryland and Elkridge, Maryland, USA. It was commissioned by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O); built between July 4, 1833, and July 4, 1835; and named for Philip E. Thomas, the company's first president. Some claim it to be the world's oldest multiple arched stone railroad bridge. However, the Sankey Viaduct on the Liverpool and Manchester Railway was opened in 1830, and finally completed in 1833.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Patterson Viaduct</span> Bridge in Ilchester, Maryland

The Patterson Viaduct was built by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O) as part of its Old Main Line during May to December 1829. The viaduct spanned the Patapsco River at Ilchester, Maryland. It was heavily damaged by a flood in 1868 and subsequently replaced with other structures.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Maryland Route 144</span> State highway in Maryland, US

Maryland Route 144 is a collection of state highways in the U.S. state of Maryland. These highways are sections of old alignment of U.S. Route 40 between Cumberland and Baltimore. Along with US 40 Scenic, US 40 Alternate, and a few sections of county-maintained highway, MD 144 is assigned to what was once the main highway between the two cities, connecting those endpoints with Hancock, Hagerstown, Frederick, New Market, Mount Airy, Ellicott City, and Catonsville. MD 144 has seven disjoint sections of mainline highway that pass through the Appalachian Mountains in Allegany and Washington counties and the rolling Piedmont of Frederick, Carroll, Howard, and Baltimore counties.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Old Main Line Subdivision</span>

The Old Main Line Subdivision is a railroad line owned and operated by CSX Transportation in the U.S. state of Maryland. The line runs from Relay west to Point of Rocks, and was once the main line of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, one of the oldest rail lines in the United States. At its east end, it has junctions with the Capital Subdivision and the Baltimore Terminal Subdivision; its west end has a junction with the Metropolitan Subdivision.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ilchester, Maryland</span> Census-designated place in Maryland

Ilchester is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Howard County, Maryland, United States. The population was 23,476 at the 2010 census. It was named after the village of Ilchester in the English county of Somerset.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Patapsco Valley State Park</span> State park in Maryland, United States

Patapsco Valley State Park is a Maryland state park extending along 32 miles (51 km) of the Patapsco River south and west of the city of Baltimore, Maryland. The park encompasses multiple developed areas on over 14,000 acres (5,700 ha) acres of land, making it Maryland's largest state park. In 2006, it was officially celebrated as Maryland's first state park, its first formation being in 1906. Patapsco Valley State Park is managed by the Maryland Department of Natural Resources.

The Historical Ellicott City/Baltimore Trolley Line #9 Trail is a 1.25-mile (2.0 km) trail in western Baltimore County, Maryland. It begins at the west end of Edmondson Avenue and extends from Catonsville through Oella to Main Street, Ellicott City. The trail follows what was originally part of the Catonsville and Ellicott City Electric Railway Company trolley line that shuttled passengers between Ellicott City and Baltimore from the late 1890s to the mid-1950s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Elkridge Furnace Complex</span> United States historic place

The Elkridge Furnace Complex is a historic iron works located on approximately 16 acres (6.5 ha) at Elkridge, Howard County, Maryland.

The Orange Grove Flour Mill was a flour mill established in 1856. It was one of the leading flour mills in the Mid-Atlantic states until it was destroyed in a fire in 1905.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hockley Forge and Mill</span> Mill in Elkridge, Maryland

The Hockley Forge and Mill are a collection of colonial-era industrial buildings along the Patapsco River near modern Elkridge, Maryland. Located at the river's head of navigation, the site is a flat section of land along the Patapsco River valley with steep embankments on either side. At its 19th-century peak, the site held more than 30 industrial buildings.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Elkridge Landing</span> Historic seaport, now part of Elkridge, MD, US

Elkridge Landing was a Patapsco River seaport in Maryland, and is now part of Elkridge, Maryland. The historic Elkridge Furnace Inn site resides within the Patapsco Valley State Park.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grist Mill Trail</span>

The Grist Mill Trail is a 5.0 mile long hiking and biking trail located in Patapsco Valley State Park in the Baltimore County side of the Patapsco Valley near Catonsville, Maryland. The paved pathway runs parallel to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad to the north, and the Patapsco River to the south.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2018 Maryland flood</span> Historic Main Street in Ellicott City, Maryland flooded

In the afternoon of May 27, 2018, after over 8 inches (20 cm) of rain in a span of two hours, the historic Main Street in Ellicott City, Maryland was flooded, just before the new flood emergency alert system was supposed to become operational. Flooding occurred throughout the Patapsco Valley, in the adjacent communities of Catonsville, Arbutus, and Elkridge, as well as the Jones Falls Valley in Baltimore.

References

  1. "Patapsco River Watershed". Towson, Maryland: Baltimore County Department of Environmental Protection and Resource Management. August 7, 2017. Retrieved April 17, 2018.
  2. Scharf, John Thomas (1874). The Chronicles of Baltimore: Being a Complete History of Baltimore Town and Baltimore City from the Earliest Period to the Present Time. Baltimore: Turnbull Bros. p.  8. ISBN   9781375705332 . Retrieved April 17, 2018. Bolus.
  3. Scharf, John Thomas (1874). The Chronicles of Baltimore: Being a Complete History of Baltimore Town and Baltimore City from the Earliest Period to the Present Time. Baltimore: Turnbull Bros. p.  18. ISBN   9781375705332 . Retrieved April 17, 2018. Northern Branch.
  4. "The Patapsco River Creator-Destroyer". The Times (Ellicott City). 31 March 1965.
  5. Waseem, Fatimah (September 12, 2016). "Ellicott City flood prompts call for nine-month freeze on development". The Baltimore Sun . Retrieved May 28, 2018.
  6. "Howard County Green Infrastructure Network Plan". Howard County, Maryland > Departments > Planning and Zoning > Conservation and Preservation > Environment. Howard County, Maryland. December 2012.
  7. Campbell, Colin (July 6, 2016). "Natural Resources Police present 'National Geographic: Catonsville' with black bear video in Patapsco State Park". The Baltimore Sun . Retrieved August 2, 2016.