Pepsinae

"pepsid" redirects here. For the antacid, see pepcid.

Pepsinae
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Pompilidae
Subfamily:	Pepsinae
Tribes
Ageniellini Deuterageniini Pepsini Priocnemini Psoropempulini

The Pepsinae are a subfamily of the spider wasp family, Pompilidae, including the two genera of large tarantula hawks, as well as many genera of smaller species. ^[1]

Biology

A female spider wasp generally captures and stings a spider to paralise it; this is for their larvae to feed on. However, the wasps of this subfamily display a range of nesting behaviours:

• using preexisting cavities;
• using the immobilised spider’s burrow;
• digging a burrow in soil;
• building nests of mud;
• parasitoids; and
• kleptoparasites. ^[2]

Taxonomy

Pepsinae can be defined by:

• sternite 2 with a distinct transverse groove;
• mesofemur and metafemur without subapical spine-like setae set in grooves or pits;
• the metatibia with apical spine-like setae of uniform length, the setae not splayed; and
• vein Cu1 of fore wing is simple at its base, without any definite downward deflection, i.e. the second discal cell (2D) is without a ‘pocket’. ^{[2] [3]}

The subfamily Pepsinae comprises 84 genera. ^[4] These include 16 genera of Ageniellini, ^{[5] [6]} 7 genera of Deuterageniini, ^[7] 48 genera of Pepsini, ^{[8] [9] [10]} 11 genera of Priocnemini, ^{[11] [12]} 1 genus of Psoropempulini, ^[13] and 1 genus unplaced to tribe. ^[14]

Tribe Ageniellini

Auplopus carbonarius with prey

• Ageniella Banks, 1912
• Atopagenia Wasbauer, 1987
• Auplopus Spinola, 1841
• Cyemagenia Arnold, 1946
• Dichragenia Haupt, 1950
• Dimorphagenia Evans, 1973
• Eragenia Banks, 1946
• Machaerothrix Haupt, 1938
• Macromerella Banks, 1934
• Macromeris Lepeletier, 1831
• Mystacagenia Evans, 1973
• Paragenia Bingham, 1896
• Phanagenia Banks, 1933
• Phanochilus Banks, 1944
• Poecilagenia Haupt, 1926
• Priocnemella Banks, 1925

Tribe Deuterageniini

• Deuteragenia Šustera, 1912
• Dipogon Fox, 1897
• Kuriloagenia Loktionov & Lelej, 2014
• Myrmecodipogon Ishikawa, 1965
• Nipponodipogon Ishikawa, 1965
• Stigmatodipogon Ishikawa, 1965
• Winnemanella Krombein, 1962

Tribe Pepsini

Orange spider wasp Cryptocheilus bicolor (or Heterodontonyx bicolor)

• Abernessia Arlé, 1947
• Adirostes Banks, 1946
• Aimatocare Roig-Alsina, 1989
• Allaporus Banks, 1933
• Alococurgus Haupt, 1937
• Anacyphonyx Banks, 1946
• Austrosalius Turner, 1917
• Calopompilus Ashmead, 1900
• Chirodamus Haliday, 1837
• Chrysagenia Haupt, 1941
• Cordyloscelis Arnold, 1935
• Cryptocheilus Panzer, 1806
• Cyphononyx Dahlbom, 1845
• Dentagenia Haupt, 1933
• Derochorses Banks, 1941
• Dinosalius Banks, 1934
• Diplonyx de Saussure, 1887
• Dolichocurgus Haupt, 1937
• Entypus Dahlbom, 1843
• Epipompilus Kohl, 1884 ^[15]
• Eremocurgus Haupt, 1937
• Formosacesa Koçak et Kemal, 2008
• Hemipepsis Dahlbom, 1844
• Herbstellus Wahis, 2002
• Heterodontonyx Haupt, 1935 ^[16]
• Hormopogonius Arnold,1934
• Hypoferreola Ashmead, 1902
• Iridomimus Evans, 1970
• Java Pate, 1946
• Lepidocnemis Haupt, 1930
• Leptodialepis Haupt, 1929
• Melanagenia Wahis, 2009
• Micragenia Haupt, 1926
• Microcurgus Haupt, 1937
• Minagenia Banks, 1934
• Mygnimia Shuckard, 1840
• Ochragenia Haupt, 1959
• Pachycurgus Haupt, 1937
• Paraclavelia Haupt, 1930
• Pepsis Fabricius, 1804
• Plagicurgus Roig-Alsina, 1982
• Pompilocalus Roig-Alsina, 1989
• Poecilocurgus Haupt, 1937
• Schistompilus Tsuneki,1988
• Schistonyx Saussure, 1887
• Spuridiophorus Arnold, 1934
• Trachyglyptus Arnold, 1934
• Xenocurgus Haupt, 1937

Tribe Priocnemini

• Caliadurgus Pate, 1946
• Claveliocnemis Wolf, 1968
• Clistoderes Banks, 1934
• Ctenopriocnemis Ishikawa, 1962
• Eopompilus Gussakovskij, 1932
• Eopriocnemis Loktionov & Lelej, 2019
• Malloscelis Haupt, 1935
• Platydialepis Haupt, 1941
• Priocnemis Schiødte, 1837
• Priocnessus Banks, 1925
• Sphictostethus Kohl, 1884

Tribe Psoropempulini

• Psoropempula Evans, 1974

Incertae sedis

• Aberropompilus Shimizu & Wahis, 2016 ^[14]

References

1. "Pepsinae - WaspWeb".
2. Waichert, C., Rodriguez, J., Wasbauer, M. S., Von Dohlen, C. D., & Pitts, J. P. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): redefining subfamily boundaries and the origin of the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175(2), 271-287.
3. Brothers, D. J. & Finnamore. (1993). Superfamily Vespoidea. In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. T. (Eds.). (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. 161-278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143
4. Loktionov, Valery M. (2023). "Geographical distribution of the spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) of the world". Russian Entomological Journal. 32 (4): 394–402. doi: 10.15298/rusentj.32.4.05 .
5. Shimizu, Akira; Wasbauer, Marius; Takami, Yasuoki (2010). "Phylogeny and the evolution of nesting behaviour in the tribe Ageniellini (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 160 (1): 88–117. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00592.x .
6. Wahis, Raymond; Durand, Frédéric; Villemant, Claire (2009). "Pompiles de l'île d'Espiritu Santo, Vanuatu (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Pompilidae)". Zoosystema. 31 (3): 707–718. doi:10.5252/z2009n3a15.
7. Lelej, Arkady S.; Loktionov, Valery M. (2012). "Phylogeny and classification of the tribe Deuterageniini (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae: Pepsinae)". Far East Entomologist (254): 1–15. Retrieved 2024-02-17.
8. Xiaoling, J.I.; Chongyang, L.I.; Li, M.A.; Qiang, L.I. (2015). "Taxonomy of Pepsini (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) From Yunnan Province". Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University（Natural Science）. 30 (2): 203–209. doi:10.16211/j.issn.1004-390X(n).2015.02.007.
9. Loktionov, Valery M.; Lelej, Arkady S. (2017). "An annotated catalogue of the spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) of Russia". Zootaxa. 4280 (1): 1–95. doi:10.11646/ZOOTAXA.4280.1.1.
10. Fernández, Fernando; Rodriguez, Juanita; Waichert, Cecilia; Decker, Brenna; Pitts, James (2022). "Twenty two years later: An updated checklist of Neotropical spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)". Zootaxa. 5116 (4): 451–503. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5116.4.1.
11. Loktionov, Valery M.; Lelej, Arkady S. (2018). "Discovery of the spider wasp genus Sphictostethus Kohl, 1884 (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae: Pepsinae) in New Guinea, with description of two new species". Zootaxa. 4429 (2): 295–302. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4429.2.5.
12. Loktionov, Valery M.; Lelej, Arkady S.; Liu, Jing-Xian (2019). "A new genus of spider wasps (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae) from China". Far Eastern Entomologist (376): 1–14. doi:10.25221/fee.376.1.
13. Evans, Howard E. (1974). "A review of Psoropempula, a new genus of Australian Pompilidae (Hymenoptera)". Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London. 126 (3): 261–278. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1974.tb00854.x.
14. Shimizu, Akira; Wahis, Raymond; Harris, Anthony C.; Pitts, James P. (2016). "An extraordinary new genus and species of spider wasps (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) from Southeast Asia". Journal of Natural History. 50 (25–26): 1549–1559. doi:10.1080/00222933.2016.1155781.
15. Waichert, Cecilia; Rodriguez, Juanita; Wasbauer, Marius; von Dohlen, Carol & Pitts, James (2015). "Molecular phylogeny and systematics of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): Redefining subfamily boundaries and the origin of the family". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 175 (2): 271–287. doi: 10.1111/zoj.12272 .
16. Wahis, Raymond (2008). "Contribution à la connaissance des Pompilides d'Australie (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) 2. Sur quelques spécimens récoltés par G. Else (Natural History Museum, London) avec descriptions de deux espèces nouvelles des genres Auplopus et Ctenostegus". Faunistic Entomology – Entomologie faunistique. 61 (1–2): 23–31. Retrieved 2024-02-17.