Petrophytum cinerascens

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Petrophytum cinerascens
Petrophyton cinerascens dvisalli lg.jpg
Status TNC G1.svg
Critically Imperiled  (NatureServe) [1]
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Rosaceae
Genus: Petrophytum
Species:
P. cinerascens
Binomial name
Petrophytum cinerascens

Petrophytum cinerascens (orth. var. Petrophyton cinerascens) is a rare species of flowering plant in the rose family known by the common names halfshrub rockmat and Chelan rockmat. [1] [2] It is endemic to the state of Washington in the United States, where it occurs in just a few locations along the Columbia River in Chelan and Douglas Counties. [1] [3]

In biology, within the science of scientific nomenclature, i.e. the naming of organisms, an orthographical variant in botany or an orthographic error in zoology, is a spelling mistake, typing mistake or writing mistake within a scientific publication that resulted in a somewhat different name being accidentally used for an already-named organism. The rules that govern what to do when this happens are laid out in the relevant codes of nomenclature.

Flowering plant Class of flowering plants (in APG I-III)

The flowering plants, also known as angiosperms, Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta, are the most diverse group of land plants, with 64 orders, 416 families, approximately 13,000 known genera and 300,000 known species. Like gymnosperms, angiosperms are seed-producing plants. However, they are distinguished from gymnosperms by characteristics including flowers, endosperm within the seeds, and the production of fruits that contain the seeds. Etymologically, angiosperm means a plant that produces seeds within an enclosure; in other words, a fruiting plant. The term comes from the Greek words angeion and sperma ("seed").

Rosaceae family of plants

Rosaceae, the rose family, is a medium-sized family of flowering plants, including 4,828 known species in 91 genera.

Contents

Description

Petrophytum cinerascens is a mat-forming perennial herb growing in cracks and crevices in riverside cliffs. The stems are up to 30 cm (1 ft) long, arising from the mat of leaves. The stems bear racemes 2 to 6 cm (0.79 to 2.4 in) long of white flowers with many stamens. Blooming occurs in June through September. [1]

A raceme is an unbranched, indeterminate type of inflorescence bearing pedicellate flowers along its axis. In botany, an axis means a shoot, in this case one bearing the flowers. In indeterminate inflorescence-like racemes, the oldest flowers are borne towards the base and new flowers are produced as the shoot grows, with no predetermined growth limit. A plant that flowers on a showy raceme may have this reflected in its scientific name, e.g. Cimicifuga racemosa. A compound raceme, also called a panicle, has a branching main axis. Examples of racemes occur on mustard and radish plants.

Stamen floral organ

The stamen is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium.

Conservation

There are five occurrences of this plant all in a 27-kilometer stretch of cliffs along the Columbia River in central Washington. Two of the occurrences have about 1000 individuals each; the other three have fewer. [1]

The plant is threatened by quarrying of rock nearby. Other threats include highway maintenance, introduced species of plants such as cheat grass (Bromus tectorum), herbicides, rock climbing, motor vehicle emissions, and global warming. [1]

Quarry A place from which a geological material has been excavated from the ground

A quarry is a type of open-pit mine in which dimension stone, rock, construction aggregate, riprap, sand, gravel, or slate is excavated from the ground.

Introduced species species introduced either deliberately or accidentally through human activity

An introduced species, alien species, exotic species, foreign species, non-indigenous species, or non-native species is a species living outside its native distributional range, but which has arrived there by human activity, either deliberate or accidental. Non-native species can have various effects on the local ecosystem. Introduced species that become established and spread beyond the place of introduction are called invasive species. The impact of introduced species is highly variable. Some have a negative effect on a local ecosystem, while other introduced species may have no negative effect or only minor impact. Some species have been introduced intentionally to combat pests. They are called biocontrols and may be regarded as beneficial as an alternative to pesticides in agriculture for example. In some instances the potential for being beneficial or detrimental in the long run remains unknown.

Herbicide Chemical used to kill unwanted plants

Herbicides, also commonly known as weedkillers, are chemical substances used to control unwanted plants. Selective herbicides control specific weed species, while leaving the desired crop relatively unharmed, while non-selective herbicides can be used to clear waste ground, industrial and construction sites, railways and railway embankments as they kill all plant material with which they come into contact. Apart from selective/non-selective, other important distinctions include persistence, means of uptake, and mechanism of action. Historically, products such as common salt and other metal salts were used as herbicides, however these have gradually fallen out of favor and in some countries a number of these are banned due to their persistence in soil, and toxicity and groundwater contamination concerns. Herbicides have also been used in warfare and conflict.

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Petrophyton cinerascens. The Nature Conservancy.
  2. Petrophytum cinerascens. Washington Burke Museum.
  3. "Petrophytum cinerascens (Piper) Rydb". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanical Gardens Kew. Retrieved 8 June 2019.