The Graphidaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Graphidales. The family contains nearly a hundred genera and more than 2000 species. Although the family has a cosmopolitan distribution, most Graphidaceae species occur in tropical regions, and typically grow on bark.
Phaeographis is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. It has an estimated 180 species.
Malmidea is a genus of crustose lichens and the type genus of the family Malmideaceae. It was established in 2011 to contain a phylogenetically distinct group of species formerly placed in the genus Malcolmiella. The crust-like thallus of Malmidea lichens has a surface that varies from smooth to rough, featuring textures such as verrucose (wart-like), granulose (grainy), or pustulate (pimpled). These textures are often formed by goniocysts, which are spherical clusters of green algal cells from the family Chlorococcaceae, encased in fungal hyphae. Malmidea comprises nearly 70 mostly tropical species that grow on bark, although a few grow on leaves.
Allographa leptospora is a species of script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. The lichen was first formally described in 1921 by Finnish lichenologist Edvard August Vainio as Graphis leptospora. The type specimen was collected in 1904 by German botanist Carl Curt Hosseus on Doi Suthep, where it was found growing on tree bark. Hosseus sent this and other lichens collected from Thailand to Vainio for identification. Robert Lücking and Klaus Kalb transferred it to the genus Allographa in 2018. In 2016, the lichen was reported from the Sintra Mountains, Portugal, which was its first documented occurrence in Europe.
Klaus Kalb is a German lichenologist and an authority on tropical lichens.
Tapellaria isidiata is a species of corticolous lichen in the family Lecanoraceae. Found in Cameroon, it was described as a new species in 2021 by lichenologists Klaus Kalb and André Aptroot. The type was collected from Campo, where it was found growing on tree bark on a beach. The lichen has a glossy, mineral-grey thallus with whitish patches, and is bordered by a black hypothallus measuring 0.2–0.6 mm wide. The specific epithet isidiata refers to the presence of isidia, a characteristic of this species: it is the first in genus Tapellaria to have vegetative propagules. The lichen is unreactive to standard chemical spot tests.
Multisporidea is a fungal genus in the family Malmideaceae. It is monotypic, containing the single species Multisporidea nitida, a corticolous lichen found in Réunion. The species was described as new to science in 2021 by lichenologists Klaus Kalb and André Aptroot. The type was collected in the Cirque de Cilaos, where it was found growing on tree bark in the remnant of a rain forest, at an altitude of 1,450 m (4,760 ft). The lichen has a dull, whitish to pale pinkish-brown thallus that is sometimes bordered by a black hypothallus measuring up to 0.3 mm wide. The specific epithet nitida refers to the glossy apothecia, while the generic name alludes to the multi-spored asci. The lichen is unreactive to standard chemical spot tests, and no lichen substances are detected with thin-layer chromatography.
Absconditella rosea is a species of crustose lichen in the family Stictidaceae. Found in Venezuela, it was formally described as a new species in 2018 by lichenologists Klaus Kalb and André Aptroot. The type specimen was collected at a location between Laguna Mucubají and Pico Mucuñuque (Mérida) at an altitude of about 3,500 m (11,500 ft); here it was found growing on detritus in páramo. The specific epithet refers to the pale pinkish colour of the ascomata. The lichen is only known to occur in Venezuela. A similar species in genus Absconditella is A. lignicola, which can be distinguished from A. rosea by its whitish apothecia and differences in ascospore morphology.
Halegrapha is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. It has nine species. The genus was circumscribed in 2011 by Eimy Rivas Plata and Robert Lücking, with Halegrapha chimaera assigned as the type species. The generic name honors American lichenologist Mason Hale.
Gallowayella aphrodites is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), foliose (leafy) lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in the Mediterranean countries Greece, Cyprus, and Italy. Characteristics of the lichen include its small thallus, the disposition of the rhizines on the thallus undersurface, and the lack of vegetative propagules.
Amazonotrema is a monotypic genus of lichenised fungi in the family Graphidaceae. It was circumscribed in 2009 by Klaus Kalb and Robert Lücking for the species Amazonotrema nigrum. The type specimen of A. nigrum was collected from virgin rainforest along the Rio Negro in the Brazilian state of Amazonas.
Topeliopsis acutispora is a species of crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It is found in New South Wales and southern Queensland (Australia), where it grows on bryophytes.
Astrothelium miniannulare is a species of crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae, characterized by its corticolous (bark-dwelling) habitat and presence of lichexanthone. Characteristics of the lichen include the whitish ring around its ostiole and the presence of three septa in the ascospores.
Pyxine profallax is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Caliciaceae. It is found in Australia, Papua New Guinea, and Thailand.
Malmidea allopapillosa is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Malmideaceae. It is found in Venezuela.
Malmidea atlanticoides is a little-known species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Malmideaceae. It is found in Brazil.
Malmidea hechicerae is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Malmideaceae. It is found in Venezuela.
Malmidea hernandeziana is a little-known species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Malmideaceae. It is found in Venezuela. The distinctive features of this species include a thallus with coralloid-like outgrowths, light-coloured fruiting bodies (ascomata) with a specialised structural layer, relatively large spores that tend to have slightly thickened walls at their ends, and the absence of specific lichen products typically found in other species of the genus. This combination of characteristics sets Malmidea hernandeziana apart from other species in the genus Malmidea.
Malmidea subcinerea is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Malmideaceae. It is found in Venezuela. The lichen has a smooth, dull thallus varying in colour from grey to olive, with a white internal medulla. It has sessile, rounded apothecia with light beige to greyish-brown discs.
Malmidea volcaniana is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Malmideaceae. It is found in Venezuela. A major characteristic of the species is the coralloid (coral-shaped) clumps of isidia-like outgrowths on the thallus surface.
