Philanisus plebeius

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Philanisus plebeius
Philanisus plebeius 1217700.jpg
Observed at Anderson's Bay, Dunedin
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Trichoptera
Family: Chathamiidae
Genus: Philanisus
Species:
P. plebeius
Binomial name
Philanisus plebeius
Walker, 1852
Synonyms
  • Anomalostoma alloneuraBrauer, 1865

Philanisus plebeius is a species of marine caddisfly in the family Chathamiidae found in New Zealand and Australia. These insects have winged terrestrial adults, eggs are laid in starfish and aquatic larvae live in marine rock pools.

Contents

Taxonomy

This species was first described by Francis Walker in 1852 from a single adult male specimen obtained by Dr. Sinclair from New Zealand. [1] [2] 'Plebeius' means common. Brauer described the same species in 1866 and pointed out the unusual maxillary palpi of males where the insertion of the third joint is well before the apex. [2] F. W. Hutton discovered the larvae live in rock-pools in 1882. [2]

Description

P. plebeius on seashore Philanisus plebeius 449053713.jpg
P. plebeius on seashore

Walker in his original description described this species as follows:

Male. — Tawny, thinly clothed with tawny hairs : antennae testaceous, rather stout, slightly setaceous, much longer than the body : legs testaceous, long ; fore-tibiae without spurs ; hinder tibiae with two pairs of long spurs, one pair near the tips, the other at the tips : abdomen with two appendages at the tip : wings narrow ; fore-wings slightly gray, with pale brown marks or interrupted bands : hind-wings subhyaline. Length of the body 2+1⁄2 — 2+3⁄4 lines ; of the wings 7 — 8+1⁄2 lines. [1]

Biology

There are very few insects that live in the sea [3] but this caddisfly cannot survive in freshwater. [4] Philanisusplebeius females lay eggs in starfish. [5] Eggs are found most of the year in the body cavity (coelom) of cushion star Patiriella regularis (NZ) and P. exigua (Australia). [6] Larvae live in tide pools and make a case from seaweed (e.g. Corallina , Zostera ) and bits of sand or shell. [7] Larvae go through 7 instars feeding on algae and detritus in tide pools. [6]

Distribution

Philanisusplebeius is found throughout New Zealand coastal areas as well as on the coast of New South Wales in Australia. [7] [8]

References

  1. 1 2 Walker, Francis, 1809-1874; Gray, John Edward; British Museum (Natural History). Department of Zoology. (1852), Gray, John Edward (ed.), Catalogue of the specimens of neuropterous insects in the collection of the British museum, vol. 1, London: Printed by order of the Trustees, p. 116, doi:10.5962/BHL.TITLE.9318, OCLC   13646379, Wikidata   Q51454599 {{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) BHL page 9997057
  2. 1 2 3 McLachlan, R (1882). "On a Marine Caddis-fly (Philaniaus, Walker,= Anomalostoma, Brauer) from New Zealand". The Journal of the Linnean Society of London. Zoology. 16 (94): 417–422. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1882.tb02386.x.
  3. ↑ Shaw, J.; Stobbart, R. H. (1963), Beament, J. W. L.; Treherne, J. E.; Wigglesworth, V. B. (eds.), Osmotic and Ionic Regulation in Insects, Advances in Insect Physiology, vol. 1, Academic Press, pp. 315–399, doi:10.1016/s0065-2806(08)60178-2, ISBN   978-0-12-024201-6 , retrieved 2024-09-09{{citation}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
  4. ↑ Leader, John P. (1972). "Osmoregulation in the Larva of the Marine Caddis Fly, Philanisus Plebeius (Walk.) (Trichoptera)". Journal of Experimental Biology. 57 (3): 821–838. Bibcode:1972JExpB..57..821L. doi:10.1242/jeb.57.3.821. ISSN   0022-0949.
  5. ↑ Anderson, D. T.; Lawson-Kerr, C. (1977). "The Embryonic Development of the Marine Caddis Fly, Philanisus plebeius Walker (Trichoptera: Chathamidae)". Biological Bulletin. 153 (1): 98–105. doi:10.2307/1540693. ISSN   0006-3185. JSTOR   1540693. PMID   578118.
  6. 1 2 Winterbourn, M. J.; Anderson, N. H. (1980). "The life history of Philanisus plebeius Walker (Trichoptera: Chathamiidae), a caddisfly whose eggs were found in a starfish". Ecological Entomology. 5 (3): 293–304. Bibcode:1980EcoEn...5..293W. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1980.tb01151.x. ISSN   0307-6946.
  7. 1 2 Cowley, D.R. (1978). "Studies on the larvae of New Zealand Trichoptera". New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 5 (4): 639–750. doi:10.1080/03014223.1978.10423816. ISSN   0301-4223.
  8. ↑ Riek, E. F. (January 1977). "The Marine Caddisfly Family Chathamiidae (Trichoptera)". Australian Journal of Entomology. 15 (4): 405–419. doi:10.1111/j.1440-6055.1976.tb01724.x. ISSN   1326-6756.
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