The Araceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants in which flowers are borne on a type of inflorescence called a spadix. The spadix is usually accompanied by, and sometimes partially enclosed in, a spathe. Also known as the arum family, members are often colloquially known as aroids. This family of 114 genera and about 3,750 known species is most diverse in the New World tropics, although also distributed in the Old World tropics and northern temperate regions.
Philodendron is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae. As of June 2013, the Plants of the World Online accepted 621 species; other sources accept different numbers. Regardless of number of species, the genus is the second-largest member of the family Araceae, after genus Anthurium. Taxonomically, the genus Philodendron is still poorly known, with many undescribed species. Many are grown as ornamental and indoor plants. The name derives from the Greek words philo- 'love, affection' and dendron 'tree'. The generic name, Philodendron, is often used as the English name.
Monstera deliciosa, the Swiss cheese plant or split-leaf philodendron is a species of flowering plant native to tropical forests of southern Mexico, south to Panama. It has been introduced to many tropical areas, and has become a mildly invasive species in Hawaii, Seychelles, Ascension Island and the Society Islands. It is very widely grown in temperate zones as a houseplant.
Philodendron hederaceum, the heartleaf philodendron is a species of flowering plant in the family Araceae, native to Central America and the Caribbean which is common in the houseplant trade. Philodendron hederaceum var. hederaceum, the "velvet philodendron," is a subspecies which is in the houseplant trade under its previous name of Philodendron micans. While toxic under certain conditions, it is also under current review for numerous health benefits.
Baursia is a section within the genus Philodendron that consists of 33 different species of plants. Philodendron species that are members of this section are typically described as having very prominent lateral veins. They also have elongated oblong leaves with a few species that are exceptions to this rule. Members of this section are usually found within southeastern South America and the upper amazon basin. The type species for this section is Philodendron crassinervium. Additionally, philodendron within this section have plurilocular ovaries.
Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum is a plant in the genus Thaumatophyllum, in the family Araceae. Previously it was classified in the genus Philodendron within subgenus Meconostigma. The commonly used names Philodendron bipinnatifidum and Philodendron selloanum are synonyms. This plant is native to South America, namely to Brazil, Bolivia, Argentina, and Paraguay, but is also cultivated as a landscape plant in tropical, subtropical and warm temperate climates.
Philodendron verrucosum is a species of flowering plant in the family Araceae. It is native to Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, and is a hemiepiphyte climbing plant. This Philodendron is kept by houseplant collectors for its unique appearance, with foliage that has slightly wavy edges, white veins, and flushes of reddish hues, as well as hairy bristles along its petioles.
Philodendron squamiferum, known as Squamiferum for short, is a rare species of plant in the family Araceae, native to French Guiana, Suriname, and northern Brazil. This climbing plant has leaves with five lobes and has a climbing growth habit. It is well-known among Philodendron species for its distinctive reddish stalks, which are covered in small bristles that give it a hairy appearance.
Philodendron cordatum is an uncommon, toxic species not often found or offered as a houseplant. It is native to a small region in Southeastern coastal Brazil, not far from Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. It is an epiphytic and epilithic species of Philodendron. This philodendron is typically a vining plant and can tolerate shade. It is toxic to humans and most animals if consumed. The toxic principle is calcium oxalate. It has heart-shaped, dark green leaves that generally grow 2″ to 3” across with white speckles on the more mature leaves. This species can easily be propagated by stem cutting by using water, soil, or sphagnum moss as a growing medium.
Philodendron erubescens, the blushing philodendron or red-leaf philodendron, is a species of flowering plant in the family Araceae, native to Colombia. It is a robust evergreen climber growing to 3–6 m (10–20 ft), with red stems and heart-shaped leaves up to 40 cm (16 in) in length. The flowers are deep red, fragrant spathes up to 15 cm (6 in) long, in summer and autumn. The specific epithet erubescens means "blushing".
Thaumatophyllum xanadu is a perennial plant belonging to the arum family Araceae and the genus Thaumatophyllum, formerly classified under the Meconostigma subgenus of Philodendron. This plant is native to Brazil, but is widely cultivated as a landscape plant in tropical, subtropical and warm temperate climates.
Philodendron gloriosum is a species of philodendron, a genus of tropical flowering plants in the arum family, Araceae, known primarily from Colombia. Popular in cultivation worldwide, this species' distinctive, green foliage is characterized by a large, cordate (heart-shaped) form, velutinous (velvety) texture, pink leaf margins, and striking pale-green to white or pink-tinted veins.
Philodendron hastatum is a species of plant in the genus Philodendron. The species has previously been known by synonyms such as Philodendron domesticum or other names, a confusion made worse by the large degree of morphological variation in this and similar Philodendrons. Commonly known as the silver sword philodendron, the plant is known for its silvery coloration, especially in juvenile leaves.
Philodendron burle-marxii is a plant in the genus Philodendron native to South America from Colombia to Ecuador and Brazil. Named after the landscape architect Roberto Burle Marx, it is one of over 50 plants that bear his name. This aroid can climb, and has green cordate leaves..The variegated Philodendron Burle marxii is its variety that displays leaves with yellow and white coloring.
Philodendron mamei is a species of plant in the genus Philodendron native to Ecuador. First collected by Europeans in 1882, it has long been cultivated as a houseplant. P. mamei is a terrestrial species with a creeping growth habit and prostrate stems, and it is noted for its matte dark green leaves with gray-green spots and cordate shape.
Philodendron sodiroi is a species of plant in the genus Philodendron native to Colombia. A climbing epiphyte, it was once thought to be synonymous with Philodendron ornatum. Named after Luis Sodiro, it was first described scientifically in 1883. It is most recognizable for the silver mottling on its green, cordate leaves.
Philodendron brandtianum is a species of plant in the genus Philodendron. A climbing epiphyte that closely hugs its host tree, it is native to southern Colombia, northern Brazil, and Bolivia in seasonally dry areas. It is also grown in temperate regions as a house plant, where it is best known for the heavy silver variegation on its juvenile leaves. It is sometimes confused for Philodendron hederaceum and Philodendron variifolium.
Philodendron pastazanum is a species of plant in the genus Philodendron native to Ecuador and Peru. It has cordate leaves, somewhat similar to Philodendron mamei and Philodendron sodiroi, but with deep green foliage and light venation.
Philodendron spiritus-sancti is a species of plant in the genus Philodendron native to the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo, which is the origin of its scientific name. A member of the section Macrobelium, it has cordate foliage that can grow up to 57–63 centimetres (22–25 in) long. The width of the leaf blades is variable, and appears in three different forms known in cultivation.
Philodendron grazielae is a species of plant in the genus Philodendron native to Peru and Brazil. It was named after the Brazilian botanist Graziela Barroso, who collected the original specimen that was then cultivated in the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden in the 1960s. It is a relatively small species with cordate leaves that grow 4–11 centimetres (1.6–4.3 in) wide, and it grows in a climbing habit.
