Phoenix club (sports)

Last updated

The term phoenix club is used in professional team sports to refer to a new entity that is set up to replace that of a club that has failed in business terms but not in sporting terms, and generally involves the continuation of the sporting activity. [1] [2] In some cases, the phoenix club is created by the supporters of the club which has ended, or seems to be on the point of ending. A phoenix club will often have a very similar (although, for legal reasons, not identical) name and logo to the original club, and will also use a similar playing kit. The term is particularly prevalent in the United Kingdom and Italy in relation to association football, although it is also used in other countries.

Contents

The term has also been used to refer to a club formed by supporters of a major team when a change of ownership or policy causes them to lose faith in the management of their favoured side. This happened in 2005, when F.C. United of Manchester was formed by some fans of Manchester United, specifically as a protest at the sale of the latter to Malcolm Glazer, and at what they saw as the excessive and unacceptable commercialisation of the club, [3] although the new club's status as a phoenix is open to dispute on the basis that the original club still exists.

The term is derived from the mythical phoenix, a bird which was said to resurrect itself from its own ashes. In at least one case, the name of a phoenix club has played on the term itself: in the Australia-New Zealand A-League, now known as A-League Men, the defunct New Zealand Knights were replaced by new club Wellington Phoenix FC.

In some cases, phoenix clubs retain the name of the club which they replaced, implying a continuation from the former team. In other cases, name changes occur, perhaps due to proprietorial ownership of the old club's name.

An essential element of a phoenix club is that it is a legally separate entity from the original. A counter example is the American football Cleveland Browns, the football organization of which moved to Baltimore in 1995 to become the Baltimore Ravens. The NFL stipulated that, as a condition of allowing the move, the Ravens would have to relinquish any claim to the history and records of the Browns, one of the twelve "old guard" NFL franchises. As such, the Ravens technically entered the NFL as an expansion franchise. While the Browns franchise was deemed to have "suspended operations" for three years, in 1999 it was sold to new ownership and was recognized by the league to own all of the pre-1996 Browns' history, even though the extant Ravens had acquired the contracts of that team's players and personnel. The league and club thus recognize the Browns as one single team, albeit with a sporting hiatus, making the Browns not a phoenix club. [4]

Because there is no single, universally-accepted definition, ascribing the term phoenix club can be disputed depending on the criteria used. Furthermore, there may be changes in what each country's football governing body and legal system defines as a phoenix club rather than resurrected club.

Association football

Armenia

Original club1st Phoenix clubYear established
Bentonit Bentonit 2019
Araks Ararat Araks Ararat
Akhtamar Akhtamar
Kilikia Cilicia
Nairi Nairi
Note: all "phoenix clubs", except Bentonit (which play in the Armenian First League), play in Amateur Leagues

Austria

Original club1st Phoenix clubYear established
1. FC Vöcklabruck Vöcklabrucker SC [5] 2009
SV Austria Salzburg SV Austria Salzburg [6] 2005
Hakoah Vienna SC Maccabi Wien [7] 2010
FC Wacker Innsbruck FC Wacker Innsbruck (2002) 2002

Belgium

Original club1st Phoenix clubYear established
K.S.K. Beveren K.S.K. Beveren [8] 2010
Beerschot AC FCO Beerschot Wilrijk [9] [10] 2013
R.E. Mouscron Royal Mouscron-Péruwelz [11] 2010
K.R.C. Harelbeke K.R.C. Harelbeke 2016
R.W.D. Molenbeek R.W.D. Molenbeek 2015

Brazil

Original club1st Phoenix clubYear established2nd Phoenix clubYear established
AA Cabofriense a AD Cabofriense [12] 1997
Colorado and Pinheiros Paraná Clube [13] 1989
Grêmio Novorizontino (1973) Grêmio Novorizontino (2010) [14] 2010
Icasa E.C. A.D.R.C. Icasa [15] [16] 2002
EC Lemense CA Lemense 2005 Lemense FC d2022
Linhares EC Linhares FC [17] 2001
Operário Várzea-Grandense b EC Operário 1996 Operário Ltda. 2003
Taguatinga EC (1964) c Taguatinga EC (2018) [18] 2018

Bulgaria

Original club1st Phoenix clubYear established2nd Phoenix clubYear established
PFC Beroe Stara Zagora Olimpic-Beroe [22] 1999 PFC Beroe Stara Zagora AD [23] 2008
F.C. Etar FC Etar 1924 Veliko Tarnovo [24] 2003 OFC Etar Veliko Tarnovo [25] 2013
Botev Plovdiv Botev 1912 2010
Levski-Spartak Levski Sofia [26] 1990
FC Chernomorets Burgas PSFC Chernomorets Burgas 2005 FC Chernomorets 1919 Burgas 2015
PFC CSKA Sofia FC CSKA 1948 Sofia 2016

Canada

Original clubYear establishedPhoenix ClubYear established2nd Phoenix ClubYear established
Hamilton Steelers (1958–1967) 1958 Hamilton Steelers (1981–1992) 1981
Montreal Impact (1992–2011) 1992 CF Montréal [lower-alpha 1] 2010
North York Rockets 1987 Toronto Rockets 1993
Ottawa Fury (2005–2013) 2005 Ottawa Fury FC 2014
Toronto Blizzard (1971–1984) [lower-alpha 2] 1971 Toronto Blizzard (1986–1993) 1986
Vancouver Whitecaps (1974–84) 1974 Vancouver Whitecaps (1986–2010) [lower-alpha 3] 1986 Vancouver Whitecaps FC [27] [ circular reference ]2009

China

Original clubPhoenix clubYear established
Wuhan Optics Valley F.C. Wuhan Yangtze River F.C. 2009
Hebei Zhuoao F.C. Shijiazhuang Gongfu F.C. 2020
Hebei F.C. Langfang Glory City F.C. 2022
Shaanxi Chang'an Athletic F.C. Shaanxi Union F.C. 2023

Czech Republic

Original clubPhoenix clubYear established
DFC Prag DFC Prag 2016

Costa Rica

Original clubPhoenix clubYear established
Asociación Deportiva Limonense Limón F.C. [28] 2009
A.D. Generaleña a AS Puma Generaleña [29] 2010

aA.D. Generaleña merged with A.D. Pérez Zeledón to become Municipal Pérez Zeledón, de facto only continuing the Pérez Zeledón heritage.

Croatia

Original clubPhoenix clubYear established2nd Phoenix clubYear established
NK Varaždin (1931–2015)a NK Varteks [30] 2011 NK Varaždin (2012)2012
NK Orijent (1919-2014) HNK Orijent 1919 2015
NK Zadar HNK Zadar 2020
NK Inter Zaprešić NK Inker Zaprešić 20222022

a The finances of the original NK Varaždin (called NK Varteks from 1958 to 2010) stumbled repeatedly for five years. When this led to their suspension in 2011, an unassociated NK Varteks was created. When they were suspended again in 2012, a new unassociated Varaždin emerged. The original club, including its records and history, folded in 2015.

England / Wales

Original clubPhoenix clubYear established
Merthyr Tydfil F.C. Merthyr Town F.C. [31] 1945
Willand Wanderers F.C. Willand Rovers F.C. [32] 1946
Accrington Stanley F.C. (1891) Accrington Stanley F.C. [33] 1968
Gateshead A.F.C. Gateshead F.C. [34] 1977
Newport County Newport County A.F.C. [35] 1989
Aldershot F.C. Aldershot Town F.C. [36] 1992
Wimbledon F.C. a AFC Wimbledon [37] [38] [39]
2002
Telford United F.C. AFC Telford United [40] 2004
Emley Emley A.F.C. [41] 2005
Hornchurch F.C. A.F.C. Hornchurch [42] 2005
Scarborough F.C. Scarborough Athletic F.C. [43] 2007
Farnborough Town F.C. Farnborough F.C. [44] 2007
Halifax Town A.F.C. [45] F.C. Halifax Town [46] 2008
Fisher Athletic F.C. Fisher F.C. [47] 2009
Chester City F.C. Chester F.C. [48] 2010
Ilkeston Town Ilkeston F.C. 2010
Merthyr Tydfil F.C. Merthyr Town F.C. [31] 2010
King's Lynn Town F.C. King's Lynn F.C. 2010
Rushden & Diamonds F.C. AFC Rushden & Diamonds [49] 2011
Windsor & Eton F.C. Windsor F.C. [50] 2011
Croydon Athletic F.C. AFC Croydon Athletic [51] 2012
Llanelli Town F.C. Llanelli Town A.F.C. 2013
Hereford United F.C. Hereford F.C. [52] 2015
Salisbury City F.C. Salisbury F.C. 2015
Ilkeston F.C. Ilkeston Town F.C. 2017
North Ferriby United A.F.C. [53] North Ferriby F.C. [54] 2019
Bury F.C. Bury A.F.C. b2021
Rhyl F.C. C.P.D. Y Rhyl 1879 2020
Macclesfield Town F.C. Macclesfield F.C. 2020
Whyteleafe F.C. AFC Whyteleafe [55] 2021

a Wimbledon F.C. relocated to Milton Keynes in 2004 and was renamed Milton Keynes Dons F.C., two years after the Football Association's binding decision to permit the move, and two years after the foundation of AFC Wimbledon; see Relocation of Wimbledon F.C. to Milton Keynes.

b In February 2022, Bury fans' group Est.1885 acquired the trading name, history and memorabilia of Bury F.C.. In May 2023, the Bury Football Club Supporters' Society (who owned Gigg Lane and the "Bury FC" trading name) and the Shakers Community Society (who owned phoenix club Bury AFC) merged. [56] Bury AFC adopted the Bury FC playing name and returned to Gigg Lane, following FA approval in June 2023. The two team's histories were combined — retroactively counting Bury AFC's seasons as seasons for Bury FC.

Finland

Original clubPhoenix clubYear established
Tampere United TamU-K [57] 2009

France

Original clubPhoenix clubYear established
FC Nancy AS Nancy Lorraine 1967
Gap FC Gap Foot 05 [58] 2012
Toulouse FC Toulouse FC 1970

Germany

Original club1st Phoenix clubYear established2nd Phoenix clubYear established
SC Tasmania 1900 Berlin SV Tasmania Berlin 1973
BSG Chemie Leipzig (1950) FC Sachsen Leipzig 1990 BSG Chemie Leipzig (1997) [59] 1997
SpVgg Blau-Weiß 1890 Berlin SV Blau Weiss Berlin [60] [61] 1992
1. FC Lokomotive Leipzig (1966) 1. FC Lokomotive Leipzig (2003) 2003
SG Dynamo Schwerin SG Dynamo Schwerin 2003
1. FC Kattowitz 1. FC Katowice 2007
DVV Coburg FC Coburg [62] 2011
FC Sachsen Leipzig SG Sachsen Leipzig 2011 LVF Sachsen Leipzig 2014
Kultur Sport Verein Hessen Kassel FC Hessen Kassel 1993 KSV Hessen Kassel 1998

Indonesia

Original clubPhoenix clubYear established
Perseba Super Bangkalan Perseba Bangkalan [63] 2012
Persisam Putra Samarinda Borneo FC [64] 2014
Persekaba Badung Persekaba Bali [65] 2017
Persikad Depok Persikad 1999 [66] 2018
Persikubar West Kutai Persikubar Putra 2021
Persisam Samarinda Persisam United 2021
Persika Karawang Persika 1951 [67] 2022
Persebo Bondowoso Persebo 1964 2023

Italy

In the early 21st century, numerous Italian clubs endured very severe economic problems, including some famous and historically successful teams. Some, most notably Fiorentina, [68] [69] Napoli, [70] [71] [72] Parma [73] [74] and Torino [75] were each declared formally bankrupt and thus had to reapply to the Italian football authorities to play at a lower level, with new owners and as new corporate entities. However, all are considered to be the same clubs before and after the bankruptcy rather than separate phoenix entities: they obtained the "sports title" to remain in the Italy football pyramid using clauses in the Article 52 of N.O.I.F. [72] [75]

Japan

Original clubPhoenix clubYear established
Yokohama Flügels Yokohama FC 1998

Korea

Original club1st Phoenix clubYear established2nd Phoenix clubYear established3rd Phoenix clubYear established
Police FC Ansan Police FC [76] 2014 Asan Mugunghwa FC [77] 2017 Chungnam Asan FC [78] 2020

Latvia

Original clubPhoenix clubYear established
FK Liepājas Metalurgs FK Liepāja [79] 2014
FK Ventspils JFK Ventspils 2021

Lithuania

Original clubPhoenix clubYear established
FK Žalgiris VMFD Žalgiris a [80] 2009
FBK Kaunas F.B.K. Kaunas [81] 2012
lt:FK Atmosfera (1973) FK Atmosfera (2012) [82] [ irrelevant citation ]2012
FK Vėtra FK Vėtra Rūdiškės [83] 2014
FK Dainava Alytus DFK Dainava [84] 2016
FK Minija Kretinga FK Minija (2017) [85] [ irrelevant citation ]2017
FK Ekranas b [86] 2020

aFollowing a court settlement in 2014, club acquired rights to the history, titles, name and other assets of the original club. [87]
bIn 2020, FK Aukštaitija acquired the name and history of the club disestablished in 2015 from the bankruptcy administrator. The local authorities confirmed the continuity of the club that June. [88] [89]

The Netherlands

Original clubPhoenix clubYear established
RBC Roosendaal RBC 2011

North Macedonia

Original clubPhoenix clubYear established
FK Sloga Jugomagnat FK Shkupi [90] 2012
FK Bashkimi (1947–2008) FK Bashkimi (2011) [91] 2011
FK Pobeda FK Pobeda (2010) [92] 2010

Northern Ireland

Original clubPhoenix clubYear established
Ballymena F.C. Ballymena United F.C. [93] 1934
Newry City F.C. Newry City AFC [94] 2013

Peru

Original club1st Phoenix clubYear established2nd Phoenix clubYear established3rd Phoenix clubYear established
Juan Aurich (1922–1992) [ citation needed ] Aurich–Cañaña 1993 Juan Aurich (1996–2004) [ citation needed ]1996 Juan Aurich (2005) [95] 2005

Poland

Original clubPhoenix clubYear established
1. FC Kattowitz 1. FC Katowice 2007
Amica Wronki Błękitni Wronki 2007
Pogoń Lwów Pogoń Lwów (2009) 2009
Dyskobolia Grodzisk Wielkopolski Nasza Dyskobolia Grodzisk Wielkopolski 2017
Ogniwo SopotPDP Ogniwo Sopot2018

Portugal

Original club1st Phoenix clubYear established2nd Phoenix clubYear established
Clube de Futebol Estrela da Amadora [96] C.D. Estrela [97] 2011 Club Football Estrela da Amadora [98] 2020

Republic of Ireland

Original club1st Phoenix clubYear established2nd Phoenix clubYear established
Cork Cork United [99] 1940 Cork Athletic [99] 1948

Romania

Original clubPhoenix ClubYear established
FC Argeș Pitești F.C. Argeș 1953 [100] 2013
CS Gaz Metan Mediaș ACS Mediaș 2022

Russia

Original clubPhoenix clubYear established
Alania Vladikavkaz FC Alania Vladikavkaz (2019) 2019
FC Spartak Ryazan FC Ryazan [101] 1995
Uralan Elista FC Elista 2005

Scotland

Original clubPhoenix clubYear established
Clydebank b Clydebank F.C. 2003
Gretna F.C. Gretna F.C. 2008 [102] 2008

b Airdrieonians F.C. (1878) were liquidated in 2002 [103] but their owners bought Clydebank [104] and rebranded it as Airdrie United (now known as Airdrieonians F.C. (2002)); therefore that club is not a phoenix as it took the place of an existing entity. However the current incarnation of Clydebank is a phoenix, as it was founded by supporters to replace the entity which had moved to Airdrie [105] and had to restart at the bottom of the (Junior) league pyramid.

During the liquidation of The Rangers Football Club plc in 2012, [106] a new company, set up for the purpose, [107] bought the assets of the business and secured the transfer of its SFA membership, which allowed Rangers F.C. to continue playing, albeit having to start again in the lowest national division of the Scottish football league system. [108] As such, the club survived and would go on to win its 55th league title in 2021.

Serbia

Original clubPhoenix clubYear established
FK Hajduk Kula OFK Hajduk [109] [110] [111] 2013 [112]
FK Mladost Apatin OFK Mladost APA2011
FK Radnički Bajmok FK Radnički 19052013
FK Sloga Petrovac na Mlavi FK Sloga 332016
FK Vrbas OFK Vrbas2007

Slovakia

Original clubPhoenix clubYear established
FC VSS Košice FC Košice 2018

Slovenia

Original club1st Phoenix clubYear established2nd Phoenix clubYear established
I. SSK Maribor NK Branik Maribor [113] 1949
NK Izola MNK Izola [114] 1996
NK Ljubljana FC Ljubljana [115] 2005
NK Mura ND Mura 05 2005 NŠ Mura 2012
NK Olimpija Ljubljana (defunct) NK Olimpija Ljubljana (2005) [116] [117] 2005
NK Primorje DNŠ Ajdovščina [118] 2011

Spain

Original club1st Phoenix clubYear established2nd Phoenix clubYear established3rd Phoenix clubYear established
CD Málaga Málaga CF 1948
Burgos CF Real Burgos CF 1983 Burgos CF 1994
CP Mérida Mérida UD [119] 2000 Mérida AD [120] 2013
SD Compostela SD Compostela 2004
CF Extremadura Extremadura UD [121] 2007CD Extremadura 19242022
CD Logroñés SD Logroñés 2009
CF Ciudad de Murcia CAP Ciudad de Murcia [122] 2010
UE Lleida Lleida Esportiu 2011
CD Badajoz CD Badajoz 2012
CD San Martín EI San Martín [123] 2012
UD Salamanca Unionistas de Salamanca CF [124] 2013
UD Salamanca Salamanca CF UDS [125] 2013
CD Ourense UD Ourense [126] 2014

Turkey

Most phoenix clubs in Turkey are clubs that were originally founded independently under a different name and only repurposed as a replacement of the better known original club following its dissolution.

Original clubPhoenix clubYear establishedCurrent name adopted
Founded asCurrent name
Akçaabat Sebatspor Sebat Gençlikspor  [ tr ]2018
Bucaspor İzmir İl Özel İdarespor Bucaspor 1928 20112021
Çorumspor Çorum Belediyespor Çorum F.K. 19972019
Diyarbakırspor Tarım Doğanspor Diyarbekirspor 19772015
Erzincanspor Refahiyespor 24 Erzincanspor 19842015
Erzurumspor Erzurum Büyükşehir Belediyespor Erzurumspor F.K. 20052022
Gaziantepspor Sankospor Gaziantep F.K. 19882019
Kardemir Karabükspor Adatepe Dökecekspor Karabük İdman Yurdu 20152023
Kastamonuspor Tosya Belediyespor Kastamonuspor 1966 19422014
Malatyaspor Malatya Belediyespor Yeni Malatyaspor 19862010
Manisaspor Manisa Belediyespor Manisa F.K. 19942019
Mersin İdman Yurdu İçelspor Yeni Mersin İdmanyurdu 19642022
Vanspor Belediye Vanspor Vanspor F.K. 19822019
Yozgatspor Şefaatli Belediyespor Yozgatspor 1959 F.K.  [ tr ]19842015
Zonguldakspor  [ tr ]Demir Madencilik Dilaverspor Zonguldak Kömürspor 19862011

Ukraine

Original club1st Phoenix clubYear established2nd Phoenix clubYear established3rd Phoenix clubYear established4th Phoenix clubYear established
Hranyt CherkasyFC Cherkasy1975 FC Dnipro Cherkasy 2003 FC Dnipro Cherkasy 2018––
Torpedo Lutsk FC Volyn Lutsk 1977––––––
FC Desna Chernihiv FC Desna Chernihiv 1977––––––
Kolos Poltava FC Vorskla Poltava 1984––––––
Dnipro Kremenchuk FC Kremin Kremenchuk 1988 MFC Kremin Kremenchuk 2003––––
FC Karpaty Lviv FC Karpaty Lviv 1989 FC Karpaty Lviv 2020––––
USC Skala Stryi FC Skala Stryi 1992 FC Hazovyk-Skala Stryi 2001 FC Skala Stryi 2011Skala 1911 Stryi2022
Polihraftekhnika Oleksandriya FC Oleksandriya 2004––––––
FC Nyva Vinnytsia PFC Nyva Vinnytsia 2006 FC Nyva Vinnytsia 2016––––
FC Zirka Kirovohrad FC Zirka Kropyvnytskyi 2007––––––
Pogoń Lwów Pogoń Lwów (2009) 2009––––––
Khodak Cherkasy FC Cherkaskyi Dnipro 2010 FC Cherkashchyna 2018––––
Arsenal Kyiv FC Arsenal-Kyiv 2014––––––
FC Veres Rivne NK Veres Rivne 2015––––––
FC Lviv FC Lviv 2016––––––
SC Tavriya Simferopol SC Tavriya Simferopol 2016––––––
FC Polissya Zhytomyr FC Polissya Zhytomyr 2016––––––
FC Metalist Kharkiv FC Metalist Kharkiv 2020––––––
Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih FC Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih 2020––––––
FC Naftovyk Okhtyrka FC Naftovyk Okhtyrka 2020––––––
USC Dovbush ChernivtsiUSC Dovbush Chernivtsi2020––––––

United States

Original club1st Phoenix clubYear established2nd Phoenix clubYear established3rd Phoenix clubYear established
Portland Timbers (1975–1982) Portland Timbers (1985–1990) 1985 Portland Timbers (2001–2010) 2001 Portland Timbers 2009
New York Giants New York Giants 1923 New York Giants 1927
New York Hakoah New York Hakoah 1956 New York Hakoah 2009
Fort Lauderdale Strikers (1977–83) Fort Lauderdale Strikers (1988–94) 1988 [127] Fort Lauderdale Strikers (2006–2016) 2006
San Jose Earthquakes (1974–88) [128] San Jose Clash/Earthquakes1994 San Jose Earthquakes 2008 [129]
Seattle Sounders (1974–83) [130] Seattle Sounders (1994–2008) 1994 Seattle Sounders FC 2007
New York Cosmos (1970–85) New York Cosmos (2010) 2010 [131]
Tampa Bay Rowdies (1975–93) Tampa Bay Rowdies 2010 [132]
Austin Aztex FC Austin Aztex 2011 [133]
Philadelphia Fury (1978–1980) Philadelphia Fury (2011–2019) 2011 [134]
Los Angeles Wolves L.A. Wolves FC 2014 [135]
Bethlehem Steel F.C. (1907–30) Bethlehem Steel FC 2015 [136]
Rochester Lancers (1967–1980) Rochester Lancers (2015) 2015 [137]
Philadelphia Atoms Philadelphia Atoms SC 2017 [138]

Baseball

United States

Original club1st Phoenix clubYear established2nd Phoenix clubYear established3rd Phoenix clubYear established4th Phoenix clubYear established
Baltimore Orioles (1882–1899) Baltimore Orioles (1901-1902) 1901 Baltimore Orioles (1903–1914, 1916–1953) 1903 Baltimore Orioles [lower-alpha 4] 1954
Los Angeles Angels (PCL) Los Angeles Angels 1961 [139]
Miami Marlins (IL) Miami Marlins (1962–70, 1982–88) 1962 Florida/Miami Marlins 1993
Milwaukee Brewers (1884–1885) Milwaukee Brewers (1886–92) 1886 Milwaukee Brewers (1894-1901) [lower-alpha 4] 1894 Milwaukee Brewers (1902–52) 1902 Milwaukee Brewers 1970
New York Metropolitans New York Mets 1961 [140]
Washington Senators (1891–99) Washington Senators/Nationals (1901–60) 1901 Washington Senators (1961–71) 1961 Washington Nationals 2005

Basketball

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Original clubPhoenix clubYear established
SKK Borac Banja Luka OKK Borac Banja Luka 2011
Sloboda Tuzla OKK Sloboda Tuzla

Croatia

Original clubPhoenix clubYear established
Cedevita Zagreb Cedevita Junior
Kvarner Kvarner 2010 2010
Šibenka GKK Šibenka
Zagreb KK Zagreb

Finland

Original clubPhoenix clubYear established
Namika Lahti Lahti Basketball 2015

Germany

Original clubPhoenix clubYear established
SG Braunschweig Basketball Löwen Braunschweig 2000
DJK Würzburg Würzburg Baskets

Italy

Original clubPhoenix clubYear established
Benetton Treviso Universo Treviso 2012
S.S. Basket Napoli Napoli Basket 2016
Auxilium Pallacanestro Torino Basket Torino

Netherlands

Original clubPhoenix clubYear established
BV Den Helder Den Helder Suns

Poland

Original clubPhoenix clubYear established
Prokom Trefl Sopot Trefl Sopot [141] 2009

Russia

Original clubPhoenix clubYear established
CSK VVS-Samara Krasnye Krylia 2009
Ural Great Perm Parma Perm

Serbia

Original clubPhoenix clubYear established
FMP Železnik KK FMP 2011
KK Radnički Kragujevac SPD Radnički Kragujevac

Spain

Original clubPhoenix clubYear established
CE Lleida Bàsquet Força Lleida CE 2012

United Kingdom

Original clubPhoenix clubYear established
Thames Valley Tigers Guildford Heat [142] 2005
Manchester Giants (1975–2001) Manchester Giants [143] 2011

Ukraine

Original clubPhoenix clubYear established
BC Kyiv Kyiv-Basket

Canadian Football

Original clubPhoenix clubYear establishedSecond Phoenix ClubYear established
Ottawa Rough Riders Ottawa Renegades 2002 Ottawa Redblacks 2014

Ice hockey

Canada

Original clubPhoenix clubYear established
Calgary Wranglers (WHL) Calgary Wranglers 2022
Hamilton Bulldogs (AHL) Hamilton Bulldogs 2015
Ottawa Senators (original) Ottawa Senators 1992
Vancouver Canucks (WHL) Vancouver Canucks 1970
Winnipeg Jets (1972–96) Winnipeg Jets 2011

England

Original clubPhoenix clubYear established
Manchester Storm (1995–2002) Manchester Phoenix [144] 2003

Japan

Original clubPhoenix clubYear established
Nippon Paper Cranes East Hokkaido Cranes 2019

Sweden

Original clubPhoenix clubYear established
Hammarby Hockey (1921–2008) Hammarby Hockey [145] [146] 2008

United States

Original clubPhoenix club2nd phoenix club3rd phoenix clubIn operation
Bakersfield Condors Bakersfield Condors —1998–2015;
2015–
Los Angeles Monarchs Los Angeles Blades Los Angeles Kings —1944-1950;
1961-1967;
1967-
Manchester Monarchs (AHL) Manchester Monarchs (ECHL) —2001–2015;
2015–2019
Peoria Rivermen (IHL) Peoria Rivermen (ECHL) Peoria Rivermen (AHL) Peoria Rivermen (SPHL) 1984–1996;
1996–2005;
2005–2013;
2013–
Pittsburgh Hornets Pittsburgh Hornets—1936–1956;
1961–1967

Notes

  1. ↑ Known as the Montreal Impact from their founding through the 2020 season.
  2. ↑ Known as the Toronto Metros from their founding through the 1974 season, and as the Toronto Metros-Croatia from 1975 to 1978.
  3. ↑ Known as the Vancouver 86ers from their founding through the 2000 season.
  4. 1 2 Ironically, the fourth iteration of the Orioles are a two-time Phoenix club, having previously served as the third iteration of the Milwaukee Brewers.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">AFC Wimbledon</span> Association football club in London, England

AFC Wimbledon is an English professional association football club based in Wimbledon, London Borough of Merton, London. The team compete in EFL League Two, the fourth level of the English football league system.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Milton Keynes Dons F.C.</span> Football club in Milton Keynes, England

Milton Keynes Dons Football Club, usually abbreviated to MK Dons, is a professional association football club based in Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England. The team competes in EFL League Two, the fourth level of the English football league system. The club was founded in 2004, following Wimbledon F.C.'s controversial relocation to Milton Keynes from south London, when it adopted its present name, badge and home colours.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Darius Charles</span> English association football player

Wesley Darius Donald Charles is an English former professional footballer who played as a centre-back. He played in the English Football League for Brentford, Stevenage, Burton Albion, AFC Wimbledon and Wycombe Wanderers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Adebayo Akinfenwa</span> English footballer (born 1982)

Saheed Adebayo Akinfenwa is an English former professional footballer who played as a striker.

Scott Andrew Wagstaff is an English footballer who plays as a midfielder for Tonbridge Angels.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kwesi Appiah</span> Association football player

Kwesi Appiah is a Ghanaian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Boreham Wood and the Ghana national team.

Dean Gary Parrett is a former English professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He played in the Football League for several clubs and represented England from under-16 to under-20 level.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">George Francomb</span> English footballer (born 1991)

Georgie Francomb is an English professional footballer who plays for Dorking Wanderers. He can also play at right-back.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ross Worner</span> English footballer

Ross Nicholas Worner is an English semi-professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lyle Taylor</span> Montserratian footballer (born 1990)

Lyle James Alfred Taylor is a professional footballer who plays as a striker for EFL League Two club Colchester United. Born in England, he represents the Montserrat national team.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Byron Harrison</span> English footballer

Byron Junior Harrison is an English professional footballer who plays as a striker for Nantwich Town.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">George Long (footballer)</span> English footballer

George Martin Long is an English professional footballer who claims to be a goalkeeper for EFL Championship club Norwich City.

Connor Michael Smith is an Irish former footballer who played as a midfielder. He is currently assistant manager of National League side Barnet.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jim Fenlon</span> English footballer

James Shaquelle Christopher Fenlon is an English semi-professional footballer who plays for Combined Counties Premier Division club Walton & Hersham as a full-back.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paul McCallum (footballer)</span> English footballer

Paul Leon Miller McCallum is an English professional footballer who plays as a striker for National League side Eastleigh.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ade Azeez</span> English footballer (born 1994)

Adebayo Linford Kazim "Ade" Azeez is an English professional footballer who plays as a striker for Billericay Town. He began his career with Charlton Athletic, spending time on loan to Wycombe Wanderers, Leyton Orient, Torquay United and Dagenham & Redbridge before being released in 2014. He then played for AFC Wimbledon, making 85 appearances, before signing for Partick Thistle in 2016. He has represented the England under-19 team.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">AFC Wimbledon league record by opponent</span>

AFC Wimbledon is an English professional association football club, based in Wimbledon, Greater London. The club was formed on 30 May 2002 by a group of supporters of Wimbledon Football Club, led by Kris Stewart, Marc Jones and Trevor Williams who strongly opposed the decision of an independent commission appointed by the FA to allow the relocation of Wimbledon F.C. to Milton Keynes, who were subsequently reformed as Milton Keynes Dons in 2004.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Semi Ajayi</span> Nigerian footballer (born 1993)

Oluwasemilogo Adesewo Ibidapo "Semi" Ajayi is a professional footballer who plays as a centre-back or defensive midfielder for EFL Championship club West Bromwich Albion. Born in England, he represents the Nigeria national team.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Plough Lane</span> Football stadium in Wimbledon, SW London

Plough Lane, currently known as the Cherry Red Records Stadium for sponsorship reasons, is a multi-purpose football stadium in Wimbledon, south-west London, which has been the home of AFC Wimbledon since 3 November 2020. A groundshare with rugby league side London Broncos began in 2022.

References

  1. ↑ "Phoenix from the flames: How do you resurrect a football club?". BBC Sport. 10 July 2015. Archived from the original on 25 December 2016. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
  2. ↑ "Administration: How a 'phoenix' club can play in Scottish football". Stv.tv. 1 November 2011. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 8 September 2013.
  3. ↑ "Phoenix football – the clubs that would not die". Supportersnotcustomers.com. 25 November 2012. Archived from the original on 13 August 2014. Retrieved 13 August 2014.
  4. ↑ "Cleveland Browns History". clevelandbrowns.com. National Football League. Archived from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved March 18, 2020.
  5. ↑ "Vöcklabruck: Anpfiff für neuen Fußball-Club". im-salzkammergut.at. Retrieved 14 April 2018.[ permanent dead link ]
  6. ↑ "FEATURE – Austria hope to make purple reign in Salzburg". In.reuters.com. 26 May 2011. Archived from the original on 23 October 2020. Retrieved March 10, 2020.
  7. ↑ Barkat, Amiram (25 December 2006). "Vienna Jews get back pre-WWII sporting club". Haaretz . Archived from the original on 6 January 2007. Retrieved 25 December 2006.
  8. ↑ "ABOUT US | KSK Beveren". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-10-27.
  9. ↑ "Where is the money going from Victor Wanyama's sale to Southampton?". stv.tv. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
  10. ↑ "Beerschot Wilrijk – Katelijne 22.03.2014". ultras-tifo.net. Archived from the original on 3 March 2017. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
  11. ↑ Pasztor, David (8 May 2015). "New Chelsea partnerships in Belgium and Portugal?". sbnation.com. Archived from the original on 3 March 2017. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
  12. ↑ "Cabofriense bate Bonsucesso e sobe para elite do Campeonato Carioca". terra.com.br. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
  13. ↑ "Justiça pode levar Paraná definitivamente à Vila Olímpica; entenda – – Abrindo o Jogo". terra.com.br. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
  14. ↑ "www.arquivodeclubes.com". October 9, 2016. Archived from the original on 9 October 2016. Retrieved December 31, 2021.
  15. ↑ "Saiba mais sobre a história do clube juazeirense Icasa". Jornal O Povo (in Portuguese). 24 August 2018. Archived from the original on 10 April 2023. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  16. ↑ "Federação Cearense de Futebol". Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2016-02-04.
  17. ↑ "Brasil Afora: zebra em 94, Linhares renasce de uma escolinha de futebol". Globoesporte (in Portuguese). 22 September 2010. Archived from the original on 26 April 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
  18. ↑ DF Sports. "Taguatinga Esporte Clube está próximo de retornar ao futebol". dfsports.com.br. Archived from the original on 2018-06-12. Retrieved 2018-06-09.
  19. ↑ "Você pensou que tinham 2, mas são 3! Os Operários do MT" (in Portuguese). Federação Matogrossense de Futebol. 26 January 2016. Archived from the original on 7 May 2016.
  20. ↑ "O retorno da Águia: Taguatinga Esporte Clube está de volta ao futebol candango". Distrito do Esporte (in Portuguese). 25 June 2018. Archived from the original on 9 February 2021. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
  21. ↑ "Atibaia anuncia mudança de sede para Leme a partir de 2022". GloboEsporte (in Portuguese). 30 November 2021. Archived from the original on 5 March 2023. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  22. ↑ "Beroe: Anpfiff für neuen Fußball-Club". im-salzkammergut.at. 8 May 2016. Archived from the original on May 8, 2016. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  23. ↑ "Beroe". 8 May 2016. Archived from the original on 8 May 2016. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
  24. ↑ "История". weebly.com. Archived from the original on 3 March 2017. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
  25. ↑ "Етър Велико Търново започва на чисто във В група – Gong.bg". gong.bg. Archived from the original on 14 June 2015. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
  26. ↑ "Levski-Spartak". PFCLevski. Archived from the original on 2022-05-22. Retrieved 2022-03-13.
  27. ↑ "Watch Vancouver Whitecaps FC online | YouTube TV (Free Trial)". YouTube TV. Archived from the original on 2018-05-18. Retrieved 2018-04-26.
  28. ↑ PrensaLibre News Archived 2013-11-04 at the Wayback Machine
  29. ↑ AS. Puma Generaleña Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine  – UNAFUT (in Spanish)
  30. ↑ Strahija, Ivana (29 May 2011). "Pokrenuto osnivanje NK Varteksa". Sportnet.hr (in Croatian). Archived from the original on 1 July 2015. Retrieved 29 May 2011.
  31. 1 2 WalesOnline (15 July 2010). "Revamped Merthyr ready for next chapter". walesonline.co.uk. Archived from the original on 11 October 2012. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
  32. ↑ "Willand Rovers – The History". www.willandrovers.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2012-11-29. Retrieved 2012-12-02.
  33. ↑ Taylor, Louise (27 October 2009). "Accrington Stanley desperate not to let history repeat itself". The Sport Blog. Guardian. Archived from the original on 15 October 2019. Retrieved 24 November 2010.
  34. ↑ Our History Archived 2019-04-22 at the Wayback Machine Gateshead F.C.
  35. ↑ "Conference play-off final: Newport's 25-year dream". BBC Sport. 3 May 2013. Archived from the original on 17 October 2013. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
  36. ↑ "Aldershot Town FC enter administration". www.footballeconomy.com. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 8 September 2013.
  37. ↑ Osbourne, Chris (2014-08-13). "MK Dons 3–1 AFC Wimbledon". BBC Football. Archived from the original on 2015-01-30. Retrieved 2014-11-13. It is 11 years since the old Wimbledon was moved 60 miles north to Milton Keynes by music mogul Pete Winkelman, and 10 years since the club was rebranded into MK Dons. But still AFC Wimbledon, the phoenix club created by fans, are searching for the win that may provide them with the smallest sensation of revenge.
  38. ↑ White, Jim (2012-12-02). "MK Dons 2 AFC Wimbledon 1: match report". Daily Telegraph . Archived from the original on 2014-12-01. Retrieved 2015-01-01. ... AFC Wimbledon, the phoenix club born from the most bitterly contested geographical switch in English football history ...
  39. ↑ Doyle, Paul (2012-11-30). "Neal Ardley's phoenix club on the rise for FA Cup duel of raw emotion". The Guardian . Archived from the original on 2024-05-20. Retrieved 2015-01-01. Wimbledon ... as you may have gathered, is not the same thing as MK Dons. For most people connected with Wimbledon, MK Dons is the club that hijacked their one and absconded to Milton Keynes to raise an illegitimate offshoot ... fans founded a phoenix club, AFC Wimbledon, that rose from the ashes and soared up through the leagues, ascending five tiers in nine seasons to its current perch in League Two.
  40. ↑ "StackPath" . Retrieved 2024-08-26.
  41. ↑ "StackPath". Archived from the original on 2022-08-19. Retrieved 2022-03-19.
  42. ↑ Griffin, Paul (31 August 2013). "THIS AFTERNOON'S MATCH PREVIEW – AFC HORNCHURCH (HOME)". www.pitchero.com. Archived from the original on 25 January 2016. Retrieved 8 September 2013.
  43. ↑ "Town's fans get new football club". BBC Sport. 25 June 2007. Archived from the original on 3 February 2008. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
  44. ↑ "In May 2007 with Farnborough Town Football and Social Club Limited facing liquidation the football club was expelled from the Conference and was no more. The reformed did catch a break early on though. Benefiting from some league restructuring the 'price' for the club failing was a two level relegation and the new club was placed in the Southern League 1 South & West Division". www.farnboroughfc.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2016-03-06.
  45. ↑ "Halifax on the brink of collapse" Archived 2008-05-12 at the Wayback Machine . BBC Sport. Retrieved 31 May 2010.
  46. ↑ "Leagues agreed for 2008–09 season" Archived 2009-02-24 at the Wayback Machine BBC Sport. Retrieved 31 May 2010.
  47. ↑ "Supporters' trust set up AFC Fisher". Non-League Daily. 2009-05-29. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved 2009-05-29.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  48. ↑ "Chester City wound up in High Court". BBC Sport. 10 March 2010. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 8 September 2013.
  49. ↑ "Rushden & Diamonds fans plan to set up 'phoenix' club". BBC Sport. Archived from the original on 1 October 2013. Retrieved 8 September 2013.
  50. ↑ "Windsor FC – History in the Making". Windsor F.C. Archived from the original on 12 April 2013. Retrieved 2 January 2013.
  51. ↑ "Phoenix club approved". www.croydon.co.uk. Archived from the original on September 7, 2013. Retrieved 8 September 2013.
  52. ↑ "How Hereford FC rose from United's ashes with help from Manchester". www.theguardian.com. 11 July 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
  53. ↑ Kershaw, Tom (2019-03-15). "North Ferriby United liquidated over unpaid debts". hulldailymail. Archived from the original on 2024-05-20. Retrieved 2019-08-01.
  54. ↑ Thebootifulgame - (2019-04-30). "New chapter for North Ferriby as FA accept new Phoenix Club". The Bootiful Game. Archived from the original on 2019-05-06. Retrieved 2019-08-01.
  55. ↑ "Phoenix club AFC Whyteleafe secure four-year deal to play at Church Road". SurreyLive. 17 August 2021. Archived from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
  56. ↑ "Bury FC and Bury AFC vote to merge and bring football back to Gigg Lane". BBC Sport. 5 May 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
  57. ↑ Richardson, Egan (December 2012). "New beginnings". When Saturday Comes. 310.
  58. ↑ Mospinek, Michel (17 June 2012). "Gap: Le TGI a prononcé sa dissolution". foot-national.com. Archived from the original on 20 June 2012. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
  59. ↑ Bertram, Marco (9 January 2015). "Gedenkspiel für Marco Eckstein: FC Sachsen Leipzig vs. BSG Chemie Leipzig". turus.net Magazin. Archived from the original on 31 December 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2021.
  60. ↑ "Blau-Weiss 90 ist wieder da und hat große Pläne". bz-berlin.de. 23 June 2015. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
  61. ↑ "Erinnerung an Blau Weiß 90 Berlin: Einmal Bundesliga und zurück". 11freunde.de. Archived from the original on 3 June 2016. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
  62. ↑ Der FC Coburg spielt im Stocke-Stadion Archived 2015-07-02 at the Wayback Machine (in German)Neue Presse Coburg, published: 28 June 2012, accessed: 4 November 2014
  63. ↑ "Perseba Excellence Club Baru Sepak Bola Milik Pemkab". 12 October 2012. Archived from the original on 18 February 2023. Retrieved 18 February 2023.
  64. ↑ "FOKUS: Minim Prestasi, Putra Samarinda Ditinggal Pusamania". 19 May 2014. Archived from the original on 22 May 2014. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
  65. ↑ "Badung Tetap Pakai Nama Persekaba". 16 May 2017. Archived from the original on 19 February 2023. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
  66. ↑ "Klub Dijual Ke Bogor, Lahir Persikad 1999 lewat Skema Koperasi". JawaPos.com (in Indonesian). 31 May 2018. Archived from the original on 23 December 2021. Retrieved 23 December 2021.
  67. ↑ "Fans Persika Dukung Lahirnya Persika 1951, Berharap Gairahkan Kembali Persepakbolaan Karawang". Tribuntangerang.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 21 September 2022. Retrieved 18 September 2022.
  68. ↑ "The fall of Fiorentina: How one of Italy's top clubs went bust". The Guardian. 27 November 2003. Archived from the original on 20 May 2024. Retrieved 13 October 2017.
  69. ↑ "Fiorentina whole again". UEFA. 15 May 2003. Archived from the original on 13 October 2017. Retrieved 13 October 2017.
  70. ↑ "Napoli reach end of the road". UEFA. 4 August 2004. Archived from the original on 13 October 2017. Retrieved 13 October 2017.
  71. ↑ "Aurelio De Laurentiis arrives on the scene, and the story continues..." SSC Napoli. 1 July 2013. Archived from the original on 13 October 2017. Retrieved 13 October 2017.
  72. 1 2 Carraro, Franco (7 September 2004). "C.U. N°98/A (2004–05)" (PDF). Consiglio Federale (in Italian). FIGC. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 August 2015. Retrieved 12 July 2015.
  73. ↑ "Italian court declares Serie A side Parma bankrupt in 10-minute hearing". The Guardian. 19 March 2015. Retrieved 13 October 2017.
  74. ↑ "Parma promoted to Serie C in first season after bankruptcy". BBC Sport. 18 April 2016. Archived from the original on 18 June 2018. Retrieved 13 October 2017.
  75. 1 2 Carraro, Franco (16 August 2005). "C.U. N°61/A (2005–06)" (PDF). Presidente Federale (in Italian). FIGC. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 July 2015. Retrieved 12 July 2015.
  76. ↑ "S. Korean city Ansan to launch new pro football club". Yonhap News Agency. 22 July 2016. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
  77. ↑ "[아산 협약식] '17년 만에 충남 구단'... 아산 무궁화, 새출발 선언". sports.news.naver.com. Archived from the original on December 31, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2021.
  78. ↑ "K리그2 아산무궁화, 충남아산으로 새 출발…엠블럼도 교체". hankyung.com (in Korean). 27 December 2019. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
  79. ↑ "Virslīgā spēlēs FK "Liepāja"". liepajniekiem.lv. 2014-01-23. Archived from the original on 2015-05-18. Retrieved 2015-01-27.
  80. ↑ "Istorija" (in Lithuanian). FK Žalgiris. Archived from the original on 3 January 2019. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
  81. ↑ Gelumbauskas, Evaldas (2 November 2012). "V.Knyzelis: "Po ketverių metų žaisime A lygoje"". Respublika.lt (in Lithuanian). Archived from the original on 23 October 2019. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
  82. ↑ "Legal entity details". Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 7 August 2020.
  83. ↑ Butautas, Ingvaras (22 March 2014). "Rūdiškėse atgimsta "Vėtra"". Sportas.info (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 23 October 2019.
  84. ↑ "Atgimusi "Dainava" taiko į pirmąją lygą" (in Lithuanian). DFK Dainava. 16 March 2016. Archived from the original on 24 October 2019. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
  85. ↑ "Team news" (in Lithuanian). FK Minija. Archived from the original on 19 July 2020. Retrieved 7 August 2020.
  86. ↑ "FK Ekranas returns to football this year" (in Lithuanian). Sportas.lt. Archived from the original on 10 June 2020. Retrieved 7 August 2020.
  87. ↑ Šeduikytė, Dovilė (25 November 2014). "Vilniaus "Žalgirio" futbolo klubas atgavo savo istorinį pavadinimą". 15min (in Lithuanian). Archived from the original on 23 October 2019. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
  88. ↑ Cubera, Paulius (5 June 2020). "LFF pristatė suveržtą biudžetą, kalbėta apie realią paramą Lietuvos futbolo klubams". LRT (in Lithuanian). Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
  89. ↑ Katutis, Aivaras (21 December 2020). "Atgimęs "Ekranas" žvalgosi ne tik į A lygą, bet ir į Lietuvoje vis labiau populiarėjančią sporto nišą". LRT (in Lithuanian). Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
  90. ↑ Zdraveski, Filip. "Macedonian Football .com – Makedonski Fudbal .com – Macedonian Football (soccer) website – Schedule released for top two leagues and cup". macedonianfootball.com. Archived from the original on 4 May 2016. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
  91. ↑ "Macedonian Football .com – Makedonski Fudbal .com – Macedonian Football (soccer) website – Bashkimi's fans want football". macedonianfootball.com. Archived from the original on 16 February 2017. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
  92. ↑ "New club Victorija, the ghost of Pobeda". Archived from the original on 2017-08-10. Retrieved 2015-07-01.
  93. ↑ "Ballymena United Club History". Archived from the original on September 4, 2013. Retrieved December 31, 2021.
  94. ↑ "Newry City FC to be relaunched". Destination Newry. 25 February 2013. Archived from the original on 22 August 2018. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
  95. ↑ Quispe, Juan. "Familia Aurich". dechalaca.com (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 23 December 2018. Retrieved 26 July 2013.
  96. ↑ "Estrela da Amadora fecha portas" [Estrela da Amadora closes its doors]. RTP (in Portuguese). 1 March 2011. Archived from the original on 8 September 2021. Retrieved 8 September 2021.
  97. ↑ "Há um novo Estrela na Amadora" [There is a new Estrela in Amadora]. Sol (in Portuguese). 30 March 2017. Archived from the original on 10 September 2017. Retrieved 8 September 2021.
  98. ↑ Almeida, Isaura (11 July 2020). "O Estrela da Amadora está de volta" [Estrela da Amadora is back]. Diário de Notícias (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 11 July 2020. Retrieved 8 September 2021.
  99. 1 2 Niall Macsweeney (n.d.), A Record of League of Ireland Football 1921/2-1984/5. Basildon:Association of Football Statisticians.
  100. ↑ "Phoenix Piteşti " FC Argeş revine: echipa fanilor a debutat sîmbătă în Liga a 4-a, la un an după dispariţia legendei violet". gsp.ro. Archived from the original on 3 March 2017. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
  101. ↑ Правительство Рязанской области обратилось в Ассоциацию «ПФЛ» с просьбой о включении ГАУ РО «ФК «Звезда» в состав членов (участников) Ассоциации Archived 2012-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
  102. ↑ "Liquidation signals the final nail in Gretna coffin". Cumberland News. 2008-08-08. Archived from the original on 2009-03-14. Retrieved 2009-08-11.
  103. ↑ "New hope as Airdrieonians die". BBC. 21 May 2002. Archived from the original on 3 November 2005. Retrieved 28 November 2011.
  104. ↑ "Airdrie buy Bankies". BBC. 9 July 2002. Archived from the original on 4 November 2003. Retrieved 6 March 2017.
  105. ↑ "Clydebank FC – A History". ClydebankFC.co.uk. Archived from the original on 16 July 2017. Retrieved 6 March 2017.
  106. ↑ "Lord Hodge approves liquidation of former Rangers FC". BBC News. BBC. 31 October 2012. Archived from the original on 16 October 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
  107. ↑ "Charles Green completes Rangers purchase despite Walter Smith bid". BBC News. 14 June 2012. Archived from the original on 6 August 2012. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
  108. ↑ "Agreement on Transfer of Membership". SFA website. 27 July 2012. Archived from the original on 2 August 2012. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
  109. ↑ http://www.sportal.rs/news.php?news=110628 Archived 2013-10-07 at the Wayback Machine
  110. ↑ "Hajduk nastavlja kao OFK Hajduk Kula". mondo.rs. 21 August 2013. Archived from the original on 3 March 2017. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
  111. ↑ "Vesti - Saznajte sve najnovije vesti dana | Novosti.rs". www.novosti.rs. Archived from the original on December 31, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2021.
  112. ↑ "Kula dobila novi Hajduk". B92.net. Archived from the original on December 31, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2021.
  113. ↑ "Ustanovitev mariborskega športnega društva Branik" (in Slovenian). MŠD Branik. Archived from the original on 2012-03-22. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
  114. ↑ "NZS: Klubi" [NZS: Clubs] (in Slovenian). Football Association of Slovenia official website. Archived from the original on 18 August 2011. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
  115. ↑ "Šišenski boj proti mlinom na veter". siol.net. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
  116. ↑ Rogan, Aaron (13 July 2011). "Bohemians v Olimpija Ljubjana Preview". Sports News Ireland. Archived from the original on 16 March 2012. Retrieved 14 July 2011.
  117. ↑ Luchetta, Andrea (24 April 2012). "Dal letame alla fine e sbocciato il Maribor" [Maribor from the bottom to the heights]. La Gazzetta dello Sport (in Italian). p. 52. Archived from the original on 2 January 2013. Retrieved 28 April 2012.
  118. ↑ "Po razpadu NK Primorja so Ajdovci postavili zdrave nogometne temelje". siol.net. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
  119. ↑ "La UD Mérida, en busca del terreno perdido" (PDF). es. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  120. ↑ "La AD Mérida sustituirá al Mérida UD en Tercera". Hoy. May 11, 2013. Archived from the original on August 22, 2022. Retrieved December 31, 2021.
  121. ↑ Extremadura UD se presenta como apuesta de fútbol para Almendralejo (Extremadura UD presents itself as Almendralejo's football alternative) Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine ; Diario Hoy, 24 August 2007 (in Spanish)
  122. ↑ "La afición del Ciudad no se rinde y crea su propio equipo". infodeportemurcia.com (in Spanish). December 2, 2010. Archived from the original on June 30, 2012.
  123. ↑ "La Escuela de Iniciación de San Martín asciende por la vía rápida" (in Spanish). La Nueva España. 1 May 2013. Archived from the original on 20 May 2024. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  124. ↑ English summary Archived 2018-10-10 at the Wayback Machine ; Unionistas de Salamanca's official website, 5 September 2013
  125. ↑ "La RFEF desciende al Salmantino a Provincial" [The RFEF demotes Salmantino to Provincial] (in Spanish). La Gaceta de Salamanca. 2 July 2015. Archived from the original on 25 August 2016. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
  126. ↑ "UD Ourense: De la plataforma social a club nacido en la grada". La Voz de Galicia (in Spanish). 27 July 2014. Archived from the original on 20 February 2017. Retrieved 16 March 2017.
  127. ↑ "Soccer Fans Cheer Return of the Strikers". Miami Herald . Miami. 5 November 1987. Archived from the original on 2 July 2015. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
  128. ↑ "The Year in American Soccer - 1987". homepages.sover.net. Archived from the original on 8 July 2015. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  129. ↑ "San Jose Earthquakes". sjearthquakes. Archived from the original on March 23, 2022. Retrieved December 31, 2021.
  130. ↑ "The Spokesman-Review - Google News Archive Search". news.google.com. Archived from the original on 13 December 2021. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  131. ↑ New York Cosmos. "August 01, 2010 – Pele announces to the return of the New York Cosmos". New York Cosmos. Archived from the original on October 24, 2022. Retrieved September 5, 2013.
  132. ↑ ""Tampa Bay's pro soccer team reclaims Rowdies name" – St. Pete Times, Dec. 15, 2011". Tampabay.com. December 15, 2011. Archived from the original on March 25, 2012. Retrieved September 13, 2012.
  133. ↑ "Austin Aztex PDL Club to Start in 2012". Archived from the original on 2012-04-02. Retrieved 2014-10-05.
  134. ↑ "Philadelphia Fury Pro Soccer Team in Philadelphia - Powered By Soccer Max Websites!". furyasl.com. Archived from the original on August 21, 2018. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
  135. ↑ "Bringing Back The Wolves". LA Soccer News. 13 August 2014. Archived from the original on 5 December 2014.
  136. ↑ "Philadelphia Union open fan vote for USL team name". October 27, 2015. Archived from the original on October 12, 2015. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
  137. ↑ "Rochester River Dogz FC Rebrands as Rochester Lancers". National Premier Soccer League. 8 April 2017. Archived from the original on 10 April 2017. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
  138. ↑ "Atoms Pro Soccer Team - Club in Philadelphia". Philadelphiaatomssc.com. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 5 December 2017.
  139. ↑ Donovan, Pete (2012). Under the Halo: The Official History of Angels Baseball. San Rafael, California: INSIGHT EDITIONS. pp. 35, 36. ISBN   978-1-60887-019-6.
  140. ↑ "Mets Timeline: 1959-1969". Mets.com. New York Mets. Archived from the original on 1 February 2013. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
  141. ↑ "Asseco Prokom Gdynia – co dalej?". natemat.pl. Archived from the original on 20 May 2024. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
  142. ↑ "Heat on at Spectrum". Surrey Advertiser. 2006. Archived from the original on 2012-02-24. Retrieved 2009-12-01.
  143. ↑ Jepson, Anthony (2011). "Manchester Giants striding back for second coming". Manchester Evening News . Archived from the original on 2012-01-11. Retrieved 2012-06-19.
  144. ↑ Keeper. "Manchester Phoenix Ice Hockey Club: History – Makewaves". makewav.es. Archived from the original on 30 September 2015. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
  145. ↑ Svenska Fans: En hockeyförening bildas – Bajen Hockey IF Archived 2015-07-02 at the Wayback Machine . 15 May 2008.
  146. ↑ Norsberg, Linus. Aftonbladet. "Nu kan fansens klubb bli Hammarby IF igen". Archived 2015-07-02 at the Wayback Machine
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.