Physcia magnussonii

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Physcia magnussonii
Physcia magnussonii TSB001899.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Caliciales
Family: Physciaceae
Genus: Physcia
Species:
P. magnussonii
Binomial name
Physcia magnussonii
Frey (1952)
Synonyms [1]
  • Physcia stellaris var. subincisa Th.Fr. (1871)
  • Physcia aipolia var. subincisa(Th.Fr.) Lynge (1916)

Physcia magnussonii is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Physciaceae. It was formally described as a new species in 1952 by the Swiss botanist Eduard Frey. He collected the type specimen in Bern, Switzerland. [2] The species epithet honours the Swedish lichenologist Adolf Hugo Magnusson. [3] Frey's original specimen was later declared the lectotype of the species by Roland Moberg in a 1977 monograph on the genus Physcia . [4]

Contents

Physcia magnussonii has a heteromerous and dorsiventral thallus with narrow lobes that form tightly packed, circular rosettes. The lichen produces apothecia (fruiting bodies) with club-shaped asci containing eight ascospores , and also produces pycnidia with asexual conidia, with chemical properties including the presence of atranorin.

Description

Physcia magnussonii is a foliose lichen, meaning it has a leaf-like structure. The thallus—the main body of the lichen—is heteromerous and dorsiventral , with narrow lobes that are closely pressed against the substrate . These lobes form tightly packed, circular rosettes that can reach up to 8 cm (3.1 in) in diameter. The lobes themselves are up to 3 mm wide, generally overlap each other, and are slightly convex. The colour of the lobes ranges from whitish grey to brownish grey, and they are uniformly covered with a dense, white powdery coating ( pruina ). The underside of the thallus is white to brownish, featuring a few thick and simple rhizines, which are root-like structures that help anchor the lichen. [1]

The upper layer of the thallus, or cortex , is made of densely packed cells ( paraplectenchymatous ), while the inner layer, or medulla, is white. Physcia magnussonii commonly produces apothecia (fruiting bodies) that are up to 3 mm across. These have a black disc that is usually white-pruinose and are bordered by a smooth, thallus-like margin. The fruiting bodies contain spore-producing structures called asci, which are club-shaped, very thin-walled, and feature a tall, blue-staining tholus with an indistinct amyloid ring when treated with iodine (K/I+ blue), characteristic of the Lecanora -type asci. Each ascus holds eight ascospores . [1]

The spores are one-septate (divided into two cells by an internal partition, or septum), brown, and narrowly ellipsoid, measuring 16–24 by 6–9  μm. They have a unique verrucose (warty) ornamentation and have thickened walls at the apex and septum, typical of the genus Physcia. Pycnidia, small fruiting bodies containing asexual spores (conidia), are also common and appear as immersed black dots. The conidia are almost cylindrical in shape. [1]

In terms of chemical properties, the cortex tests K+ (yellow), indicating the presence of atranorin, a common lichen product, whereas other chemical spot tests on the medulla may show negative (K−) or a pale pink reaction (K+ pale pink), with no reaction to other tests: (C−), (KC−), and paraphenylenediamine (P−). [1]

Variolaric acid is a secondary metabolite (lichen product) that has been shown to occur in some Norwegian specimens of Physcia magnussonii. This rare depsidone substance is known to occur in only a few lichen species, mostly in the order Pertusariales. [5]

Species interactions

Zwackhiomyces turcicus is a lichenicolous fungus that was reported growing on the thalli of Physcia magnussonii lichens in southern Turkey. Infection by the commensalistic or weakly parasitic fungus results in slight bleaching on the infected part of the host thallus. The fungus is only know to occur in its type locality in Pinus nigra forest in Gevne Vadisi, Taşkent. [6]

Habitat and distribution

Physcia magnussonii is found in Northern and Central Europe, and Greenland. [7] In North America, its distribution is poorly known, but it has been recorded in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho southwards to Colorado. [8]

Related Research Articles

<i>Anaptychia</i> Genus of lichens

Anaptychia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Physciaceae. Anaptychia species are foliose (leafy) to fruticose (bushy) lichens. They have brown, thin-walled spores with a single septum, and a prosoplechtenchymatous upper cortex.

<i>Physcia</i> Genus of lichens

Physcia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Physciaceae. The widely distributed genus contains about 80 species. The genus is cosmopolitan, and has been extensively studied in various regions in the past several decades, with significant biodiversity in South America identified as a central diversity hotspot. Physcia species are foliose, lobate lichens that grow with a loose to close appressed habit. Their upper surface is typically whitish, pale greenish, green-grey, or dark grey in colour. The thallus colour remains relatively unchanged when moistened. Physcia lichens typically grow on bark, on wood, or rock, although they have occasionally been recorded dwelling on man-made structures. They thrive in nutrient-rich environments and are expanding rapidly in urban areas of the United Kingdom previously affected by SO2 pollution.

<i>Phaeophyscia</i> Genus of lichens

Phaeophyscia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Physciaceae.

<i>Vulpicida</i> Genus of lichen

Vulpicida is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Parmeliaceae. Circumscribed in 1993 to contain species formerly placed in Cetraria, the genus is widespread in Arctic to northern temperate regions, and contains six species. The genus is characterized by the presence of the secondary metabolites pulvinic acid and vulpinic acid, compounds that when combined with usnic acid, give the species their characteristic yellow and green colors.

<i>Immersaria</i> Genus of lichen

Immersaria is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Lecideaceae. It has eight species of crustose lichens.

<i>Menegazzia</i> Genus of fungi

Menegazzia is a genus of lichenized fungi containing roughly 70 accepted species. The group is sometimes referred to as the tree flutes, honeycombed lichens, or hole-punch lichens. The most obvious morphological feature of the genus is the distinctive perforations spread across the upper side of the thallus. This makes the group easy to recognise, even for those not particularly familiar with lichen identification.

Hypotrachyna lueckingii is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is only known to occur at high elevations on the Cordillera de Talamanca in Costa Rica.

<i>Physcia caesia</i> Blue-gray foliose lichen found throughout much of the world

Physcia caesia, known colloquially as blue-gray rosette lichen and powder-back lichen, is a species of foliose lichenized fungus. First described by Georg Franz Hoffmann in 1784, it is common across much of Europe, North America and New Zealand, and more patchily distributed in South America, Asia, Australia and Antarctica. There are 2 subspecies: P. c. caesia and P. c. ventosa, as well as a number of distinct forms and varieties. Molecular studies suggest that the species as currently defined may be polyphyletic. It is typically pale gray shading to darker gray in the center, and grows in a small rosette, usually some 2–3 cm (0.79–1.18 in) across at maturity. It only rarely has apothecia, instead reproducing most often vegetatively via soredia, which are piled in round blue-gray mounds across the thallus's upper surface. It grows most often on rock—principally calcareous, but also basaltic and siliceous—and also occurs on bone, bark and soil. It is nitrophilic and is particularly common on substrates where birds perch.

<i>Punctelia hypoleucites</i> Species of foliose lichen

Punctelia hypoleucites, commonly known as the southwestern speckled shield lichen, is a species of foliose (leafy) lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. First formally described by Finnish botanist William Nylander as a species of Parmelia, it was transferred to the genus Punctelia in 1982. The lichen is found in Africa, North America, and South America, where it grows on the bark of both hardwood and coniferous trees. Its greenish-grey thallus is covered with tiny white pseudocyphellae – minute holes in the thallus surface that facilitate gas exchange. Some macroscopic features that help distinguish this species from other related members of the genus include the presence and the structure of the apothecia, the absence of asexual surface propagules, and the light brown color of the thallus undersurface. Chemically, the presence of lecanoric acid in the medulla and atranorin in the cortex help distinguish it from lookalikes.

Kashiwadia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Physciaceae. The genus was circumscribed in Sergey Kondratyuk, László Lőkös, and Jae-Seoun Hur in 2014 to contain the species Physcia orientalis, after molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that the taxon occupied an isolated phylogenetic position in the Physciaceae. An additional five species were added to the genus in 2021. The genus name honours Japanese lichenologist Hiroyuki Kashiwadani, who originally described the type species.

<i>Physcia aipolia</i> Species of lichen

Physcia aipolia, commonly known as the Hoary rosette lichen, is a lichen species of fungus in the genus Physcia, and family Lecanoromycetes. Physcia aipolia is a species of lichen in the family Physciaceae. It has a worldwide distribution.Physcia aipolia is a known host species to the lichenicolous fungus species Muellerella lichenicola. It is characterized by the pale blue to gray thallus with many apothecia. Physcia aipolia is a common, widely distributed species, and can be found growing on a variety of trees and branches.

Jasonhuria is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It is monotypic, containing only the species Jasonhuria bogilana. This species is a saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen that occurs in South Korea.

Menegazzia endocrocea is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is found in Australia. The lichen forms irregular rosettes up to 10 cm wide with hollow, cylindrical lobes that branch dichotomously, featuring a pale grey to cream-grey upper surface with roundish holes and a wrinkled, black lower surface. It has scattered apothecia with a reddish-brown disc, two-spored asci, and abundant pycnidia, identified chemically by compounds like atranorin and stictic acid.

Tetramelas flindersianus is a saxicolous (rock-dwelling) crustose lichen species in the family Physciaceae. First described scientifically in 2020, it is found in Australia.

Buellia arida is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Caliciaceae. It occurs in Australia. Buellia arida grows up to 4 cm wide, either concealed within or visible on rock surfaces, forming small, fragmented patches. It features an off-white, dull thallus, numerous black apothecia that become convex over time, and spores that evolve from pale to dark brown, characterized by their ellipsoid shape and finely decorated surface.

Buellia cravenii is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Caliciaceae. It is found in Australia. The lichen spreads up to 3.5 cm wide thick, forming a continuous, grey-white cracked pattern of areoles.

Buellia eldridgei is a rare species of terricolous (ground-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Caliciaceae, known to occur only in Queensland, Australia.

<i>Physciella chloantha</i> Species of lichen

Physciella chloantha is a species of foliose lichen in the family Physciaceae. The lichen, which occurs in diverse regions including the Upper Midwest of the US, Europe, Japan, Pakistan, and European Russia, is common in certain areas. Its thallus forms circular patches up to 3 cm in diameter, made up of many small, discrete lobes that can grow together to cover large areas, often intermingling with other lichen species. These lobes, which vary from short and rounded to slightly elongated, have numerous soralia on their edges and surfaces, while the undersides are white to pale tan with sparse rhizines. Apothecia are uncommon in this species. Physciella chloantha is known to grow on bark and on rocks.

Physcia cinerea is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Physciaceae. It was described as a new species in 1990 by the Swedish lichenologist Roland Moberg. The lichen is found in Argentina, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela at elevations between 2,500 and 4,000 m, typically on sun-exposed rocks in páramo habitat. It has an orbicular to irregularly shaped thallus up to 3 cm in diameter, comprising narrow lobes up to 1 mm wide. The thallus is grey to dark grey, while the underside is white to brownish, with abundant rhizines of the same colour. Apothecia, which are usually abundant, are lecanorine in form and up to 1.5 mm in diameter. They have a dark brown to black disc that lacks pruina. Both the upper cortex and the medulla of the lichen are K+ (yellow). Secondary metabolites in the species include atranorin, zeorin, and leucotylin.

<i>Tuckermannopsis ciliaris</i> Species of lichen

Tuckermannopsis ciliaris is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It was first described by Erik Acharius in 1810, initially classified in the genus Cetraria.The species was later reclassified into the genera Nephromopsis and then Tuckermannopsis, with some researchers proposing that certain cetrarioid genera, including Tuckermannopsis, should be merged into Nephromopsis. However, this suggestion was disputed, and both names, Tuckermannopsis ciliaris and Nephromopsis ciliaris, are used in recent literature to refer to this species.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 P.L., Nimis. "Physcia magnussonii Frey". ITALIC - The Information System on Italian Lichens. Version 7.0. University of Trieste, Dept. of Biology. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
  2. ↑ Frey, E. (1952). "Die Flechtenflora und -vegetation des Nationalparks im Unterengadin. I Teil: Die diskokarpen Blatt- und Strauchflechten" [The lichen flora and vegetation of the National Park in the Lower Engadine. Part I: The discocarpous leaf and shrub lichens]. Ergebnisse der Wissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen des Schweizerischen Nationalparks (in German). 3: 361–503 [480].
  3. ↑ Hertel, Hannes; Gärtner, Georg; Lőkös, László (2017). "Forscher an Österreichs Flechtenflora" [Investigators of Austria's lichen flora](PDF). Stapfia (in German). 104 (2): 1–211 [92].
  4. ↑ Moberg, Roland (1977). The lichen genus Physcia and allied genera in Fennoscandia. Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses. Vol. 22. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. pp. 1–108 [68]. ISBN   91-554-0648-3.
  5. ↑ Tønsberg, T. (1982). "Short Communications. Variolaric acid, a depsidone new to the Physciaceae and Ramalinaceae". The Lichenologist. 14 (3): 279–286. doi:10.1017/S0024282982000498.
  6. ↑ Kocakaya, Mustafa; Halıcı, Mehmet Gökhan; Aksoy, Ahmet (2011). "Zwackhiomyces turcicus sp. nov. (Ascomycota, Xanthopyreniaceae) from Turkey". Mycotaxon. 116: 329–333. doi: 10.5248/116.329 .
  7. ↑ Moberg, Roland; Hansen, Eric Steen (1986). The lichen genus Physcia and allied genera in Greenland. Meddelelser Om Grønland, Bioscience. Vol. 22. Copenhagen: The Commission for Scientific Research in Greenland. p. 10. ISBN   87-17-05412-5.
  8. ↑ McCune, Bruce; Geiser, Linda (1997). Macrolichens of the Pacific Northwest (2nd ed.). Corvallis: Oregon State University Press. p. 266. ISBN   0-87071-394-9.
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