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The Pilgrims Society, founded on 16 July 1902 [1] by Sir Harry Brittain KBE CMG, is a British-American society established, in the words of American diplomat Joseph Choate, 'to promote good-will, good-fellowship, and everlasting peace between the United States and Great Britain'. It is not to be confused with the Pilgrim Society of Plymouth, Massachusetts.
Over the years it has boasted an elite membership of politicians, diplomats, businessmen, and writers who have included Henry Kissinger, Margaret Thatcher, Caspar Weinberger, Douglas Fairbanks Jr., Henry Luce, Lord Carrington, Alexander Haig, Paul Volcker, Thomas Kean, George Shultz, and Walter Cronkite among many others. Members of the immediate Royal Family, United States secretaries of state and United States ambassadors to the Court of St. James's are customarily admitted ex officio to membership in the Society. The Pilgrims of Great Britain and the Pilgrims of the United States have reciprocal membership.
Executive Committee members are and have included:
Mrs Amy Thompson is the Executive Secretary, successor to Mrs Tessa Wells
The Society is notable for holding dinners to welcome into office each successive U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom. The patron of the society is King Charles III. [ citation needed ]
Prime Minister Winston Churchill delivered a speech to the Society on March 18, 1941. [2]
The first informal meeting of the Pilgrims of Great Britain included General Joseph Wheeler, Colonel (later General Sir) Bryan Mahon, the Hon Charles Rolls and Harry Brittain. The first meeting of the Pilgrims of the United States was at the Waldorf Astoria Hotel in New York on 13 January, 1903. Towards the end of the 19th century, the two English-speaking nations had a great rapprochement. Closer coordination between elites on both sides of the Atlantic was necessary, with the Pilgrims Society able to act as a semi-official channel between the two governments. The Pilgrims connected influential families in the US, such as the Astors, Du Ponts, Rockefellers, Carnegies, Morgans and Vanderbilts, with the British nobility and royal family. In addition to the British aristocracy and politics, important British banks and media houses were also represented. Almost all the early American members were White Anglo-Saxon Protestants from the east coast and were connected through their shared socialization in the fraternities and sororities of universities such as Yale or Harvard. It was similar on the British side, with the corresponding equivalents being Oxford and Cambridge. The Pilgrims Society also had strong overlaps with other important social clubs and associations on the east coast of the United States, bringing together the who's who of society.
The Pilgrims Society held opulent banquets between the American and British branches, which in turn also held regular meetings of their members. The centers of activity were New York City and London. Ideas to found further branches of the exclusive club in cities such as Liverpool were ultimately not implemented. During World War I, the Pilgrims Society supported the U.S. entry into the war through “public diplomacy.” In 1921, allies of the Pilgrims Society families Morgan, Warburg and Rockefeller founded the Council on Foreign Relations. In the following interwar period, the activities of the Pilgrims were limited by America's isolationism and the Great Depression. Many American and British Pilgrims supported the appeasement policy towards Hitler's Germany, and in some cases even sympathized with the idea of seeing fascism as a “bulwark” against communism. This changed with the onset of World War II and the bombing of Britain by the Germans, which led to expressions of solidarity from American Pilgrims with the British. In March 1941, Winston Churchill delivered a speech before the Pilgrims in London in which he tried to present the Americans' entry into the war and victory over the Axis powers as inevitable.
With the end of the Second World War and the beginning of the Cold War, the focus of the Pilgrims' meetings changed. Now, the main priorities became containing communism and creating a unified Europe. The Pilgrims also became more dominated by their American offshoot, which was at the same time not as much dominated by the old protestant east coast elite. In 1977, women were allowed to attend for the first time. During the Cold War, many important conservatives on both sides of the Atlantic were present at the Pilgrims' meetings. On the American side, these included Henry Kissinger, Caspar Weinberger, Alexander Haig and George Shultz, who played important roles in the Nixon and Reagan administrations. On the British side, members included Margaret Thatcher and NATO Secretary General Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington, underlining the network's importance for Anglo-American relations during the Cold War. In 2002, the Pilgrims Society celebrated its 100th anniversary at St James's Palace in the presence of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Charles. [3]
Alexander Meigs Haig Jr. was United States Secretary of State under president Ronald Reagan and White House chief of staff under presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. Prior to and in between these cabinet-level positions, he was a general in the U.S. Army, serving first as the vice chief of staff of the Army and then as Supreme Allied Commander Europe. In 1973, Haig became the youngest four-star general in the Army's history.
The Trilateral Commission is a nongovernmental international organization aimed at fostering closer cooperation between Japan, Western Europe and North America. It was founded in July 1973, principally by American banker and philanthropist David Rockefeller, an internationalist who sought to address the challenges posed by the growing economic and political interdependence between the U.S. and its allies in North America, Western Europe, and Japan. The leadership of the organization has since focused on returning to "our roots as a group of countries sharing common values and a commitment to the rule of law, open economies and societies, and democratic principles".
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