Pimplinae

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Pimplinae
Tromatobia.ovivora.-.lindsey.jpg
Apechthis rufata
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Ichneumonidae
Subfamily: Pimplinae
Wesmael, 1845

Pimplinae are a worldwide subfamily of the parasitic wasp family Ichneumonidae. [1] [2] [3]

Contents

Pimplinae are parasitoids of Holometabola, often the pupae of Lepidoptera. Various species parasitize the egg sacs and adults of spiders. [4] Those species that parasitize eggs are ectoparasitic idiobionts. Females perforate the silk of the egg sacs and lay their egg(s) directly onto the surface of the eggs within them. After hatching, the parasitoid larvae feed externally on the eggs and kill most of the eggs in the process. [5]

Pimplinae are generally sturdy black insects with orange markings. The first tergite is box-like with the spiracle anterior to the middle.[ citation needed ]

List of genera

There are 72 genera of Pimplinae listed below.

Tribe Delomeristini Hellén, 1915

Tribe Ephialtini Hellén, 1915

Pseudopimpla genus-group

Alophosternum genus-group

Camptotypus genus-group

Ephialtes genus-group

Polysphincta genus-group

Tromatobia genus-group

Tribe Pimplini Wesmael, 1845

Tribe Theroniini Cushman & Rohwer, 1920

References

  1. ↑ Oehlke, J. (1967). "Westpaläarktische Ichneumonidae 1, Ephialtinae". Hymenopterorum Catalogus (new edition). 2: 1–49.
  2. ↑ Townes, Henry K. (1969). "Genera of Ichneumonidae, Part 1 (Ephialtinae (Pimplinae), Tryphoninae, Labiinae, Adelognathinae, Xoridinae, Agriotypinae)". Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute. 11: 1–300.
  3. ↑ Broad, Gavin (2006). "Identification key to the subfamilies of Ichneumonidae" (PDF). London: Natural History Museum. pp. 1–38.
  4. ↑ Takasuka, Keizo; Fritzén, Niclas R.; Tanaka, Yoshihiro; Matsumoto, Rikio; Maeto, Kaoru; Shaw, Mark R. (2018). "The changing use of the ovipositor in host shifts by ichneumonid ectoparasitoids of spiders (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae)". Parasite. 25: 17. doi:10.1051/parasite/2018011. ISSN   1776-1042. PMC   5873220 . PMID   29589827. Open Access logo PLoS transparent.svg
  5. ↑ Fei, Minghui; Gols, Rieta; Harvey, Jeffrey A. (2023-01-23). "The Biology and Ecology of Parasitoid Wasps of Predatory Arthropods". Annual Review of Entomology. 68 (1): 109–128. doi: 10.1146/annurev-ento-120120-111607 . hdl: 20.500.11755/8f020f3d-b12d-4d23-8c07-eae6302721b8 . ISSN   0066-4170. PMID   36198401. S2CID   252736581.
  6. ↑ Klopfstein, Seraina; Langille, Barbara; Spasojevic, Tamara; Broad, Gavin R.; Cooper, J. B.; Austin, Andrew D.; Niehuis, Oliver (2018). "Hybrid capture data unravel a rapid radiation of pimpliform parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimpliformes)". Systematic Entomology. 44 (2): 361–383. doi:10.1111/syen.12333. hdl: 10141/622806 .


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