Pipistrellus bat coronavirus HKU5

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Pipistrellus bat coronavirus HKU5
Virus classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Pisuviricota
Class: Pisoniviricetes
Order: Nidovirales
Family: Coronaviridae
Genus: Betacoronavirus
Subgenus: Merbecovirus
Species:
Pipistrellus bat coronavirus HKU5

Pipistrellus bat coronavirus HKU5 (Bat-CoV HKU5) is an enveloped, positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+)ssRNA mammalian Group 4 Betacoronavirus discovered in Japanese Pipistrellus in Hong Kong. This strain of coronavirus is closely related to the MERS-CoV responsible for the 2012 Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus outbreaks in Saudi Arabia, Jordan, United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, France, and Italy. [1] [2] [3]

Contents

Transmission

The exact means of transmission to humans is not yet well known. However, it has been demonstrated that betaCoV's including HKU5 have the propensity to recombine and cause interspecies transmission. Transmission has not been seen in Group C betaCov's to which MERS-CoV is most closely related. [4] All HKU5 coronaviruses have been shown to use ACE2 from their natural host species, Pipistrellus abramus, to infect their hosts. [5] [6] The lineage 2 of this virus (HKU5-CoV-2) has been isolated from bats in China in 2025 and shown to be capable to use the human ACE2 receptor. [7]

Predicted SSHHPS

SSHHPS are short stretches of homologous host-pathogen sequences found in the protease cleavage sites of the viral polyprotein. SSHHPS appear to be related to the virus-induced phenotype in humans. [8] Analysis of the PLpro SSHHPS in HKU5 identified hits related to neurodevelopmental disorders, epilepsy, seizures, respiratory effects, lung inflammation, spinocerebellar ataxia, microphthalmia, ocular abnormalities, IBS, anhidrosis, hydrocephalus, hearing loss, elevated hemoglobin and hematocrit, skeletal dysplasia, microcephaly, nephrotic syndrome, among others. ADGRA2 was among the predictions. [9]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Woo PC, Lau SK, Li KS, Tsang AK, Yuen KY (November 2012). "Genetic relatedness of the novel human group C betacoronavirus to Tylonycteris bat coronavirus HKU4 and Pipistrellus bat coronavirus HKU5". Emerging Microbes & Infections. 1 (11): e35. doi:10.1038/emi.2012.45. PMC   3630921 . PMID   26038405.
  2. ↑ Zaki AM, van Boheemen S, Bestebroer TM, Osterhaus AD, Fouchier RA (November 2012). "Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia". The New England Journal of Medicine. 367 (19): 1814–1820. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1211721 . PMID   23075143.
  3. ↑ Woo PC, Lau SK, Li KS, Poon RW, Wong BH, Tsoi HW, et al. (July 2006). "Molecular diversity of coronaviruses in bats". Virology. 351 (1): 180–187. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2006.02.041 . PMC   7111821 . PMID   16647731.
  4. ↑ Woo PC, Huang Y, Lau SK, Yuen KY (August 2010). "Coronavirus genomics and bioinformatics analysis". Viruses. 2 (8): 1804–1820. doi: 10.3390/v2081803 . PMC   3185738 . PMID   21994708.
  5. ↑ LETKO M (14 March 2024). "Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor use for merbecoviruses". bioRxiv   10.1101/2024.03.13.584892 .
  6. ↑ Catanzaro N, Wu Z, Fan C, Schäfer A, Yount BL, Bjorkman PJ, et al. (16 August 2024). "ACE2 from Pipistrellus abramus bats is a receptor for HKU5 coronaviruses". bioRxiv   10.1101/2024.03.13.584892 .
  7. ↑ Chen J, Zhang W, Li Y, Liu C, Dong T, Chen H, et al. (February 2025). "Bat-infecting merbecovirus HKU5-CoV lineage 2 can use human ACE2 as a cell entry receptor". Cell. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2025.01.042. PMID   39970913.
  8. ↑ Reynolds ND, Aceves NM, Liu JL, Compton JR, Leary DH, Freitas BT, et al. (June 2021). "The SARS-CoV-2 SSHHPS Recognized by the Papain-like Protease". ACS Infectious Diseases. 7 (6): 1483–1502. doi:10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00866. hdl: 1805/27969 . PMID   34019767.
  9. ↑ Doctor KZ, Gilmour E, Recarte M, Beatty TR, Shifa I, Stangel M, et al. (February 2023). "Automated SSHHPS Analysis Predicts a Potential Host Protein Target Common to Several Neuroinvasive (+)ssRNA Viruses". Viruses. 15 (2): 542. doi: 10.3390/v15020542 . PMC   9961674 . PMID   36851756.
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