Planiliza carinata

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Planiliza carinata
Liza carinata.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Mugiliformes
Family: Mugilidae
Genus: Planiliza
Species:
P. carinata
Binomial name
Planiliza carinata
(Valenciennes, 1836)
Synonyms [1]
  • Mugil carinatusValenciennes, 1836
  • Liza carinatus(Valenciennes, 1836)
Mugil carinatus Ford 74 Mugil carinatus Ford 74.jpg
Mugil carinatus Ford 74

Planiliza carinata, the keeled mullet, is a species of grey mullet from the family Mugilidae which is found in the western Indian Ocean and eastern Mediterranean Sea. It colonised the Mediterranean by Lessepsian migration from the Red Sea through the Suez Canal. The keeled mullet is a species of minor importance in commercial fisheries.

Contents

Description

Planiliza carinata has a broad head with the mouth being as wide as the head, there is a well=developed adipose eyelid which covers most of the pupil. The upper lip is thin. its height being smaller than diameter of the pupil and the corner of the mouth reaches to nearly below the front of the eye. The pectoral fin's tip lies below the origin of the first dorsal fin, axillary scale rudimentary. There are 31-39scales on the lateral line and the scales on head extend as far forward as the anterior nostrils. It is greyish blue on the back and silvery on the flanks and belly. [2] The dorsal fin has 5 spines and 8-9 rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 9 rays. [3] It grows to 30 cm standard length [2] but 15 cm is the more normal size. [3]

Distribution

Planiliza carinata occurs in the western Indian Ocean, centred on the Red Sea. [4] It has colonised the Mediterranean through the Suez Canal, where it is still common in the canal and its associated salt lakes, [5] by Lessepsian migration, the first record was in the 1920s off Port Said, Egypt and has now extended as far north as south-eastern Turkey [6] and west along the North African coast as far as Libya [7] It has also been recorded in the freshwater Sea of Galilee in Israel where it was probably introduced among fry collected in a nearby estuary to stock the lake. [8]

Biology

Planiliza carinata is a pelagic and euryhaline species, which is also tolerant of wide temperature variations, occurring mainly in marine coastal waters migrating inshore to lagoons and estuaries where there is abundant macrophyte vegetation in the spring, moving out to deeper coastal waters in the winter. [6] The juveniles are associated with drifting seaweed. [3] [2] A study in the Great Bitter Lake found that the lifespan of L. carinata is normally three years but that the most rapid growth occurs in the first year of life. [5] Males reach their first sexual maturity at 12.5 cm in total length while the females attain sexual maturity at 13.4 cm. A female may lay 24500 to 115258 eggs and the spawning season of L. carinata in Suez Bay may extend from November to March.[ citation needed ] The eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive. [3] It feeds mainly on benthic algae and small molluscs. [6]

Parasites

The following flatworm species have been found on P. carinata as endoparasites: [9]

The following flatworm species have been found as ectoparasites: [9]

The copepod Caligus apodus has also been recorded as ectoparatsites. [9]

Human use

Planiliza carinata is normally caught as a by catch when fishing for other mullets and is normally smaller in size than the target species, fresh fish are normally grilled. [6] has a lower growth rate than other mullet species but there is a high market demand in Egypt, leading to high prices, for this species, especially when processed as salted fish. [10]

Taxonomy

Planiliza carinata was named in 1836 by Achille Valenciennes as Mugil carinatus in the book Histoire naturelle des poissons. Vol. 11. by G. Cuvier, & A. Valenciennes. It was unclear what the distribution with and it was recorded from as far east as Japan. It was shown that there was a monophyletic group of three similar species which formed a species complex, Liza carinata in the Red Sea area, L. klunzingeri in the Indian Ocean from the Tigris-Euphrates Delta east to Bombay and L. affinis which is found in the western Pacific and eastern Indian Ocean (Hainan). [4]

Recent taxonomic work on the family Mugilidae has resulted in a reorganisation the family and it has been proposed that many of the Indo-Pacific species previously assigned to the genera Liza and Chelon , as well as Paramugil parmatus , be placed in the resurrected genus Planiliza [11]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mullet (fish)</span> Family (Mugilidae) of ray-finned fish

The mullets or grey mullets are a family (Mugilidae) of ray-finned fish found worldwide in coastal temperate and tropical waters, and some species in fresh water. Mullets have served as an important source of food in Mediterranean Europe since Roman times. The family includes about 78 species in 26 genera.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Flathead grey mullet</span> Species of fish

The flathead grey mullet is an important food fish species in the mullet family Mugilidae. It is found in coastal temperate, tropical and subtropical waters worldwide. Its length is typically 30 to 75 centimetres. It is known with numerous English names, including the flathead mullet, striped mullet, black mullet, bully mullet, common mullet, grey mullet, sea mullet and mullet, among others.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lessepsian migration</span> Unintended migration of marine species across the Suez Canal

The Lessepsian migration is the migration of marine species along the Suez Canal, usually from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea, and more rarely in the opposite direction. When the canal was completed in 1869, fish, crustaceans, mollusks, and other marine animals and plants were exposed to an artificial passage between the two naturally separate bodies of water, and cross-contamination was made possible between formerly isolated ecosystems. The phenomenon is still occurring today. It is named after Ferdinand de Lesseps, the French diplomat in charge of the canal's construction. The term was originally coind by professor Francis Dov Por in his book "Lessepsian Migration: The Influx of Red Sea Biota Into the Mediterranean by Way of the Suez Canal"

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yellowtail barracuda</span> Species of fish

The yellowtail barracuda is one of the smaller species of barracuda of the family Sphyraenidae, which can be found in Indo-West Pacific oceans. It has also invaded the Mediterranean through the Suez Canal from the Red Sea, making it one of the Lessepsian migrants.

Chelon is a genus of mullets found in coastal marine waters, estuaries and rivers in the Atlantic Ocean and Arabian Sea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">So-iuy mullet</span> Species of fish

The so-iuy mullet, also known as the haarder, redlip mullet or so-iny mullet, is a species of fish in the family Mugilidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thinlip mullet</span> Species of fish

The thinlip mullet is a species of fish in the family Mugilidae. It is found in shallow European waters and is a migratory species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Largescale mullet</span> Species of fish

The largescale mullet is a species of fish in the family Mugilidae. It is found in the Indo-Pacific.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dusky spinefoot</span> Species of fish

The dusky spinefoot, also known as the squaretail rabbitfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a rabbitfish belonging to the family Siganidae. It is native to the western Indian Ocean which has spread to the Mediterranean Sea through the Suez Canal. Its fin spines contain venom. It is regarded as a food fish.

<i>Nemipterus</i> Genus of fishes

Nemipterus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Nemipteridae, the threadfin and whiptail breams. These fishes are found in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, but now also occur in the Mediterranean Sea due to Lessepsian migration.

<i>Ostorhinchus fasciatus</i> Species of fish

Ostorhinchus fasciatus, commonly known as the broad-banded cardinalfish, is a marine fish native to the Indian and Pacific Oceans which is a Lessepsian migrant to the eastern Mediterranean through the Suez Canal from the Red Sea, it was first recorded off Israel in 2008 and has now reached the southern coast of Turkey. It has a number of vernacular names including barred striped cardinalfish, four-banded soldier-fish, striped cardinalfish and twostripe cardinalfish.

<i>Planiliza parsia</i> Species of fish

Planiliza parsia, the goldspot mullet, is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Mugilidae. It is one of 15 species in the genus Planiliza. This species is found in the Indian Ocean in shallow coastal waters of Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka and the Andaman Islands. It also lives in lagoons, estuaries, and tidal rivers.

<i>Planiliza</i> Genus of fishes

Planiliza is a genus of mullets found in coastal marine waters, estuaries and rivers in the Indo-Pacific.

<i>Sphyraena chrysotaenia</i> Species of fish

Sphyraena chrysotaenia, the yellowstripe barracuda, is a species of predatory, ray finned fish from the family Sphyraenidae which is found in the Indo-West Pacific region. It has entered the Mediterranean Sea from the Red Sea through the Suez Canal as a Lessepesian migrant and is now an important species in the fisheries of the eastern Mediterranean.

<i>Upeneus moluccensis</i> Species of fish

Upeneus moluccensis, the goldband goatfish, golden-banded goatfish or Moluccan goatfish, is a species of Indo-Pacific goatfish from the red mullet and goatfish family, the Mullidae. It is widespread in the warmer waters of the Indian and Pacific Oceans as far east as New Caledonia and has colonised the eastern Mediterranean Sea from the Red Sea via the Suez Canal, making it a Lessepsian migrant.

<i>Terapon puta</i> Species of fish

Terapon puta, the spiny-checked grunter, three-lined grunter, small-scaled banded grunter, small-scaled terapon, squeaking perch or two-lined grunter, is a species of fish from the Indo-Pacific region, it is a member of the grunter family, Terapontidae. It has also spread into the eastern Mediterranean Sea from the Red Sea through the Suez Canal, a process known as Lessepsian migration.

<i>Stephanolepis diaspros</i> Species of fish

Stephanolepis diaspros, commonly known as the reticulated filefish or the reticulated leatherjacket, is a species of bony fish, a ray-finned fish in the family Monacanthidae. Its natural range is the western Indian Ocean but it is also one of the species which has colonised the Mediterranean through the Suez Canal by Lessepsian migration from the Red Sea.

<i>Siganus rivulatus</i> Species of fish

Siganus rivulatus, the marbled spinefoot, rivulated rabbitfish or surf parrotfish, is a gregarious, largely herbivorous ray-finned fish of the family Siganidae. Its natural range encompasses the western Indian Ocean and the Red Sea from where it colonised the Mediterranean Sea by Lessepsian migration through the Suez Canal. It is the type species of the genus Siganus.

<i>Pempheris mangula</i> Species of fish

Pempheris mangula, the black-edged sweeper, Moluccan sweeper or black-margin bullseye is a species of Indo-Pacific sweeper from the family Pempheridae. The history of the identification of the Indo-Pacific sweepers is complex and this species has been identified as the "Pempheris vanicolensis" which has colonised the Mediterranean Sea from the Red Sea via the Suez Canal by Lessepsian migration but this identification is not universally accepted.

<i>Pomadasys stridens</i> Species of fish

Pomadasys stridens, the striped piggy or lined piggy, is a grunt from the western Indian Ocean and is one of a group of Indo-Pacific marine species which have colonised the Mediterranean Sea through the Suez Canal from the Red Sea, a process known as Lessepsian migration.

References

  1. ↑ "Synonyms of Liza carinata (Rüppell, 1837)". Fishbase . Retrieved 25 March 2017.
  2. 1 2 3 J.C. Hureau. "Fishes of the NE Atlantic and the Mediterranean Roving Grey Mullet Liza carinata". Marine Species Identification Portal. ETI Bioinformatics. Retrieved 26 March 2017.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Armi G. Torres; Susan M. Luna (2016). R. Froese; D. Pauly (eds.). "Liza carinata (Valenciennes, 1836)". Fishbase . Retrieved 26 March 2017.
  4. 1 2 Hiroshi Senou; Tesuo Yoshino; Muneo Okiyama (1987). "A Review of the Mullets with a Keel on the Back, Liza carinata Complex (Pisces : Mugilidae)". Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory. 32 (4–6): 303–321. doi: 10.5134/176141 .
  5. 1 2 Sahar Fahmy Mehanna (2004). "Population dynamics of keeled mullet, Liza carinata and golden grey mullet, Liza aurata at the Bitter Lakes, Egypt". Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research. 30(B): 315–321.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Donatella Crosetti; Stephen J. M. Blaber (2015). Biology, Ecology and Culture of Grey Mullets (Mugilidae). CRC Press. pp. 124–125. ISBN   978-1482252132.
  7. ↑ Ismail A. Shakman; Khalid S. Etayeb; Abdalla R. Beb-abdallah (2016). "Status of Invasive Marine Species in the Libyan Coast" (PDF). Rapport de la Commission Mar Méditerranée. 41: 418.
  8. ↑ Jonathan Chervinski (1978). "First Recovery of Liza carinata (Teleostei: Mugilidae) from Lake Kinneret". Israel Journal of Zoology. 27: 52. doi:10.1080/00212210.1978.10688458 (inactive 1 November 2024).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
  9. 1 2 3 N. Bailly (2008). "Liza carinata (Valenciennes, 1836)". World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 26 March 2017.
  10. ↑ A.A. El Gamal (2011-11-03). "Keeled mullet (Liza carinata) in Egypt". Fish Consulting Group. Retrieved 26 March 2017.
  11. ↑ Jean-Dominique Durand; Wei-Jen Chen; Kang-Ning Shen; Cuizhang Fue; Philippe Borsaf (2012). "Genus-level taxonomic changes implied by the mitochondrial phylogeny of grey mullets (Teleostei: Mugilidae) (abstract)" (PDF). Comptes Rendus Biologies. 335 (10&11): 687–697. doi:10.1016/j.crvi.2012.09.005. PMID   23199637.
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