Plenocaris

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Plenocaris
Temporal range: Chengjiang–Burgess shale
USNM PAL 57700 Plenocaris plena Image 04.jpg
Fossil of Plenocaris plena from the Burgess shale
Plenocaris.png
Life restoration
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Clade: Mandibulata
Order: Hymenocarina
Family: Waptiidae
Genus: Plenocaris
Whittington, 1974
Species:
P. plena
Binomial name
Plenocaris plena
(Walcott, 1912)
Synonyms

Plenocaris plena is a genus of extinct bivalved hymenocarine arthropod that lived in the Cambrian aged Burgess Shale [1] and Chengjiang. [2] Originally described as a species of Yohoia by Walcott in 1912, it was placed into its own genus in 1974.

Contents

The head has a pair of simple antennae. The body has 13 tergites, with trunk tergites 2 to 4 having pairs of elongate and uniramous appendages, with appendages absent from the other body segments. [3] The body terminates with paired tail flukes. Unlike waptiids, but similar to Synophalos, the tail flukes lack segmentation. [4] 106 specimens of Plenocaris are known from the Greater Phyllopod bed, where they comprise 0.20% of the community. [5] It has been suggested to be a member of Hymenocarina, which contains numerous other Cambrian bivalved arthropods. [6] Some specimens have been found with sediment within the gut tract, suggesting it was a deposit feeder. The lack of swimming appendages means that swimming was likely primarily accomplished with movement of the trunk and tail fan. [3]

References

  1. Whittington, Harry B. (1974), "Yohoia Walcott and Plenocaris n. Gen., arthropods from the Burgess Shale, Middle Cambrian, British Columbia", Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin: 1–21
  2. Hou, Xian-Guang; Bergström, J. (1997), "Arthropods of the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang fauna, southwest China", Fossils & Strata, 45, Scandinavian University Press: 116
  3. 1 2 "Plenocaris plena". The Burgess Shale. Royal Ontario Museum. Retrieved 2022-09-08.
  4. Yang, Jie; Ortega-Hernández, Javier; Lan, Tian; Hou, Jin-bo; Zhang, Xi-guang (2016-06-10). "A predatory bivalved euarthropod from the Cambrian (Stage 3) Xiaoshiba Lagerstätte, South China". Scientific Reports. 6 (1): 27709. Bibcode:2016NatSR...627709Y. doi: 10.1038/srep27709 . ISSN   2045-2322. PMC   4901283 . PMID   27283406.
  5. Caron, Jean-Bernard; Jackson, Donald A. (October 2006). "Taphonomy of the Greater Phyllopod Bed community, Burgess Shale". PALAIOS. 21 (5): 451–65. Bibcode:2006Palai..21..451C. doi:10.2110/palo.2003.P05-070R. JSTOR   20173022. S2CID   53646959.
  6. Vannier, Jean; Aria, Cédric; Taylor, Rod S.; Caron, Jean-Bernard (June 2018). "Waptia fieldensis Walcott, a mandibulate arthropod from the middle Cambrian Burgess Shale". Royal Society Open Science. 5 (6): 172206. Bibcode:2018RSOS....572206V. doi:10.1098/rsos.172206. ISSN   2054-5703. PMC   6030330 . PMID   30110460.

Further reading

Briggs, D.E.G. (1983), "Affinities and early evolution of the Crustacea: the evidence of the Cambrian fossils", Crustacean Issues