| Pompilinae | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Pompilus cinereus | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Pompilidae |
| Subfamily: | Pompilinae Latreille, 1805 |
| Tribes | |
see text | |
| Synonyms [1] | |
Psammocharidae | |
The Pompilinae are a subfamily of the spider wasp family, Pompilidae, the species of which lay their eggs on the paralyzed bodies of their prey.
Tribal classification has been revised numerous times with little consensus between authors. Bradley's 1944 classification used 7 tribes: Allocharini, Allocyphononychini, Aporini, Ctenocerini, Epipompilini, Pedinaspini, Pompilini. Evans's 1951 classification only included 5 of these tribes, omitting Allocharini and Allocyphononychini. Ctenocerini has since been elevated to subfamily status as Ctenocerinae, and Epipompilini has been omitted by Pitts et al. in 2006. [2] Engel and Grimaldi, later in 2006, included 17 extant tribes: Allocharini, Allocyphonychini, Anoplageniini, Anopliini, Aporini (with 3 subtribes), Cordyloscelidini, Eidopompilini, Entomoborini, Episyronini, Notocyphini, Pedinaspini, Pompilini, Psammoderini, Pseudopompilini, Spuridiophorini, Tachypompilini, and Teinotrachelini. [3] Waichert et al. added two additional tribes in 2015, Priochilini with 2 genera and Sericopompilini with a single genus. [2] While Ghahari et al. reinstated Homonotini in 2014 as a separate tribe from Aporini, [4] Loktionov and Lelej maintained the treatment of Engel and Grimaldi as a subtribe of Aporini. [5] In 2015, Waichert et al. removed Notocyphini from Pompilinae, treating it as the separate subfamily, Notocyphinae. [2] Loktionov's 2023 distributional catalog included the type genera of Cordyloscelidini and Spuridiophorini and the type genus of Teinotrachelini under Ctenocerinae. The type genera of Allocyphonychini, Anoplageniini, and Pedinaspini were also omitted. [6]
The summary of the represented tribes is as follows:
Pompilinae are distinguished from sister subfamilies by minute differences in head structure, leg morphology, and wing venation. The eyes have oval to only slightly sinuate inner margins, and the labrum is short. The middle and hind legs have tibial spurs of unequal lengths and femora with small spines or pits. The hind leg additionally has wide, blade-like bristles on the fifth tasomere. The forewing has the medial vein (M) falling short of the margin and the second cubital vein (Cu2) bent at the base rather than straight. [9]
The subfamily Pompilinae contains 107 genera: [6]
Wasps in the family Pompilidae are commonly called spider wasps, spider-hunting wasps, or pompilid wasps. The family is cosmopolitan, with some 5,000 species in six subfamilies. Nearly all species are solitary, and most capture and paralyze prey, though members of the subfamily Ceropalinae are kleptoparasites of other pompilids, or ectoparasitoids of living spiders.
Episyron is a genus of wasps in the family Pompilidae which prey on spiders. Nine species are found in Europe.
The Pepsinae are a subfamily of the spider wasp family, Pompilidae, including the two genera of large tarantula hawks, as well as many genera of smaller species.
Dipogon is a genus of spider wasps of the family Pompilidae in the subfamily Pepsinae. They are found in Europe, Asia, and North America. Their generic name comes from the characteristic long bristle tufts just below the mandibles, which are used to carry material to construct the cells in the nest, and for constructing the nest.
Auplopus is a large genus of spider wasps belonging to the subfamily Pepsinae of the spider wasp family Pompilidae, distributed throughout the world except for Antarctica. Auplopus wasps amputate the legs of their spider prey before transporting it to the nest.
The Ctenocerinae are a subfamily of spider wasps, Pompilidae, which contains a small number of genera, two in the Neotropics, four in Australia and the remainder in Africa. Ctenocerine wasps have evidently evolved from a common ancestor with the Pepsinae, but are specialized for preying upon trap-door spiders (Ctenizidae).
Evagetes is a genus of spider wasps from the family Pompilidae. There are 72 described species, of which 58 are found in the Palaearctic region, 11 in the Nearctic region, with a few penetrating to the Afrotropical, Oriental and Neotropic regions. Evagetes wasps are kleptoparasitic on other pompilid wasps, especially the genera Arachnospila, Anoplius, Episyron and Pompilus, digging into their sealed burrows, eating the host egg and replacing it with an egg of its own. Evagetes wasps are characterised by their very short antennae. Most are species are black with the base of the antennae rufous, several Evagetes species are very metallic bluish insects.
Evagetes crassicornis is a kleptoparasitic spider wasp with a holarctic distribution.
Arachnospila is a predominantly Holarctic genus of spider wasps, with limited representation in montane habitats in Neotropical and Afrotropical regions. They are found in open habitats and at forest edge, the nests may contain more than one cell.
Agenioideus is a genus of spider wasps from the subfamily Pompilinae; the genus occurs in Europe, where 21 species are recorded, eastwards to Japan, in North America, South America, and Australia.
Ireangelus is a genus of kleptoparasitic spider wasps from the sub-family Ceropalinae of the family Pompilidae. The genus has a pan tropical distribution, being known from Oriental, Neotropical, Australian, eastern Palearctic, and Madagascan Zoogeographic regions being best represented in the Neotropics. Irenangelus is closely related to the more widespread genus Ceropales, the two genera forming a monophyletic subfamily, Ceropalinae within the Pompilidae. This is regarded as the most basal grouping of the Pompilidae but this view is problematic because of the kleptoparasitic life history of the Ceropalines, it is now considered that they Ceropalines and other pompilids evolved from a common ectoparasitoid ancestor.
Tachypompilus is a genus of spider wasps, found in the Neotropics Nearctic, eastern Palearctic, Indomalayan and Afrotropics.
Tachypompilus analis, the red-tailed spider wasp is a species of spider wasp found in most of tropical and subtropical Asia, north to Japan. These spider wasps often hunt huntsman spiders.
Tachypompilus ferrugineus, the rusty spider wasp, red-tailed spider hunter, or sometimes red-tailed spider wasp is a species of spider wasp from the Americas. It preys mainly on wandering spiders, especially wolf spiders.
Paracyphononyx is a genus of spider wasps distributed in the tropics and warmer temperate regions; they differ from other pompilids in that they do not permanently disable the host spider but allow the spider to resume activity after the wasp has laid its egg on the spider while the wasp larva exists as koinobiont ectoparasitoid of the spider.
Poecilopompilus interruptus is a species of New World spider wasps.
Allochares azureus is a species of spider wasp from the family Pompilidae, it is the only member of the monotypic genus Allochares. It occurs in the southern part of North America and is a specialist parasitoid of the Southern house spider.
Pepsini is a tribe of spider wasps in the family Pompilidae.
Tastiotenia festiva is a species of spider wasp in the subfamily Pompilinae. It was first described by its discoverer, Howard Ensign Evans, in 1950. It is a rather small spider wasp species, growing from 3–6.5 mm in length and has only been observed rarely. It lives in the desert regions of the south-western United States as well as northern Mexico. Based on Evans' biological observation in 1961, it is assumed that Tastiotenia festiva consumes black widow spiders as part of its diet and that it utilizes burrows made by other wasps for nesting.
Ageniellini, known as the mud-nesting spider wasps, is a tribe of spider wasps in the subfamily Pepsinae.
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