Prenyltransferase

Last updated
Prenyltransferase and squalene oxidase repeat
PDB 1sqc EBI.jpg
Structure of a squalene cyclase. [1]
Identifiers
SymbolPrenyltrans
Pfam PF00432
Pfam clan CL0059
InterPro IPR001330
PROSITE PDOC00825
SCOP2 1sqc / SCOPe / SUPFAM
OPM superfamily 37
OPM protein 1w6k
Available protein structures:
Pfam   structures / ECOD  
PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum structure summary

Prenyltransferases (PTs) are a class of enzymes that transfer allylic prenyl groups to acceptor molecules. Prenyl transferases commonly refer to isoprenyl diphosphate syntheses (IPPSs). [2] [3] Prenyltransferases are a functional category and include several enzyme groups that are evolutionarily independent.

Contents

Prenyltransferases are commonly divided into two classes, cis (or Z) and trans (or E), depending upon the stereochemistry of the resulting products. Examples of trans-prenyltranferases include dimethylallyltranstransferase, and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase. Cis-prenyltransferases include dehydrodolichol diphosphate synthase (involved in the production of a precursor to dolichol). Trans- and cis-prenyltransferases are evolutionarily unrelated to each other and there is no sequential and structural similarity.

The beta subunit of the farnesyltransferases is responsible for peptide binding. Squalene-hopene cyclase is a bacterial enzyme that catalyzes the cyclization of squalene into hopene, a key step in hopanoid (triterpenoid) metabolism. [1] Lanosterol synthase (EC 5.4.99.7) (oxidosqualene-lanosterol cyclase) catalyzes the cyclization of (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene to lanosterol, the initial precursor of cholesterol, steroid hormones and vitamin D in vertebrates and of ergosterol in fungi. [4] Cycloartenol synthase (EC 5.4.99.8) (2,3-epoxysqualene-cycloartenol cyclase) is a plant enzyme that catalyzes the cyclization of (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene to cycloartenol.

Human proteins containing this domain

FNTB; LSS; PGGT1B; RABGGTB

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hopanoids</span> Class of chemical compounds

Hopanoids are a diverse subclass of triterpenoids with the same hydrocarbon skeleton as the compound hopane. This group of pentacyclic molecules therefore refers to simple hopenes, hopanols and hopanes, but also to extensively functionalized derivatives such as bacteriohopanepolyols (BHPs) and hopanoids covalently attached to lipid A.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lanosterol</span> Chemical compound

Lanosterol is a tetracyclic triterpenoid and is the compound from which all animal and fungal steroids are derived. By contrast, plant steroids are produced via cycloartenol.

(S)-2,3-Oxidosqualene ((S)-2,3-epoxysqualene) is an intermediate in the synthesis of the cell membrane sterol precursors lanosterol and cycloartenol, as well as saponins. It is formed when squalene is oxidized by the enzyme squalene monooxygenase. 2,3-Oxidosqualene is the substrate of various oxidosqualene cyclases, including lanosterol synthase, which produces lanosterol, a precursor to cholesterol.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lanosterol synthase</span> Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

Lanosterol synthase (EC 5.4.99.7) is an oxidosqualene cyclase (OSC) enzyme that converts (S)-2,3-oxidosqualene to a protosterol cation and finally to lanosterol. Lanosterol is a key four-ringed intermediate in cholesterol biosynthesis. In humans, lanosterol synthase is encoded by the LSS gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bornyl diphosphate synthase</span>

In enzymology, bornyl diphosphate synthase (BPPS) (EC 5.5.1.8) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

In enzymology, a cycloartenol synthase (EC 5.4.99.8) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

The enzyme aristolochene synthase catalyzes the chemical reaction

The enzyme sabinene-hydrate synthase (EC 4.2.3.11) catalyzes the chemical reaction

Vetispiradiene synthase is an enzyme from Egyptian henbane that catalyzes the following chemical reaction:

In enzymology, a di-trans,poly-cis-decaprenylcistransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

In enzymology, a geranyltranstransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

<span class="mw-page-title-main">PDSS1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Decaprenyl-diphosphate synthase subunit 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PDSS1 gene.

Phytoene synthase is a transferase enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of carotenoids. It catalyzes the conversion of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate to phytoene. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

The squalene/phytoene synthase family represents proteins that catalyze the head-to-head condensation of C15 and C20 prenyl units (i.e. farnesyl diphosphate and genranylgeranyl diphosphate). This enzymatic step constitutes part of steroid and carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. Squalene synthase EC (SQS) and Phytoene synthase EC (PSY) are two well-known examples of this protein family and share a number of functional similarities. These similarities are also reflected in their primary structure. In particular three well conserved regions are shared by SQS and PSY; they could be involved in substrate binding and/or the catalytic mechanism. SQS catalyzes the conversion of two molecules of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) into squalene. It is the first committed step in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. The reaction carried out by SQS is catalyzed in two separate steps: the first is a head-to-head condensation of the two molecules of FPP to form presqualene diphosphate; this intermediate is then rearranged in a NADP-dependent reduction, to form squalene:

Dammarenediol II synthase (EC 4.2.1.125, dammarenediol synthase, 2,3-oxidosqualene (20S)-dammarenediol cyclase, DDS, (S)-squalene-2,3-epoxide hydro-lyase (dammarenediol-II forming)) is an enzyme with systematic name (3S)-2,3-epoxy-2,3-dihydrosqualene hydro-lyase (dammarenediol-II forming). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Squalene-hopene cyclase</span>

Squalene-hopene cyclase (SHC) (EC 5.4.99.17) or hopan-22-ol hydro-lyase is an enzyme in the terpene cyclase/mutase family. It catalyzes the interconversion of squalene into a pentacyclic triterpenes, hopene and hopanol. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reactions.

β-amyrin synthase is an enzyme with systematic name (3S)-2,3-epoxy-2,3-dihydrosqualene mutase . This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

Friedelin synthase is an enzyme with systematic name (3S)-2,3-epoxy-2,3-dihydrosqualene mutase . This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oxidosqualene cyclase</span>

Oxidosqualene cyclases (OSC) are enzymes involved in cyclization reactions of 2,3-oxidosqualene to form sterols or triterpenes.

References

  1. 1 2 Wendt KU, Poralla K, Schulz GE (1997). "Structure and function of a squalene cyclase". Science. 277 (5333): 1811–1815. doi:10.1126/science.277.5333.1811. PMID   9295270.
  2. ↑ Takahashi S, Koyama T (2006). "Structure and function of cis-prenyl chain elongating enzymes". The Chemical Record. 6 (4): 194–205. doi: 10.1002/tcr.20083 . PMID   16900467.
  3. ↑ Liang, Po-Huang; Ko, Tzu-Ping; Wang, Andrew H.-J (July 2002). "Structure, mechanism and function of prenyltransferases: Structure, mechanism and function of prenyltransferases". European Journal of Biochemistry. 269 (14): 3339–3354. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1033.2002.03014.x. PMID   12135472.
  4. ↑ Prestwich GD, Poralla K, Hewelt A, Abe I, Reipen I, Sprenger G (1994). "A specific amino acid repeat in squalene and oxidosqualene cyclases". Trends Biochem. Sci. 19 (4): 157–158. doi:10.1016/0968-0004(94)90276-3. PMID   8016864.
This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro: IPR001330


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