Pristimantis polemistes

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Pristimantis polemistes
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Strabomantidae
Genus: Pristimantis
Species:
P. polemistes
Binomial name
Pristimantis polemistes
(Lynch  [ fr ] and Ardila-Robayo, 2004)
Colombia relief location map.jpg
Red pog.svg
Pristimantis polemistes is only known from Urrao on the western flank of the Cordillera Occidental, Colombia
Synonyms [2]
  • Eleutherodactylus polemistesLynch and Ardila-Robayo, 2004 [3]

Pristimantis polemistes is a species of frogs in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Colombia and only known from the vicinity of its type locality in Urrao, Antioquia Department, on the western flank of the Cordillera Occidental (Colombian Andes). [1] [2] [4] The specific name polemistes is Greek for "warrior" and refers to the insurgents that operated in the area of the type locality. [3]

Contents

Description

Adult males measure 27–28 mm (1.06–1.10 in) and adult females, based on a single specimen only, 33 mm (1.3 in) in snout–vent length. The snout is relatively short, subacuminate in dorsal view and rounded in lateral profile. The tympanum is vertically elongated. The fingers have lateral keels and round terminal disks. The toes have lateral fringes and expanded terminal disks. Dorsal skin bears numerous small tubercles. The dorsum is brown to dark olive with dark brown or black spots edged with yellow or orange. The flanks are brown to olive with dark brown spots, or sometimes with white flecks. There are white glands above the arms and above the groin. The limb have dark brown or black bars edged with yellow or whitish-yellow. The venter is dark brown with large whitish flecks in males but pale brown to brownish olive with black granules in the female. The iris is red above and bronze below and has a black horizontal stripe. Males have a subgular vocal sac. [3]

Habitat and conservation

Pristimantis polemistes is known from patches of primary forest near streams at elevations of 2,300–2,320 m (7,550–7,610 ft) above sea level. [1] [3] Development is presumably direct [1] (i.e., there is no free-living larval stage [5] ).

The known distribution of Pristimantis polemistes consists of only two very nearby localities. At the time of the latest IUCN assessment (2018), no other specimens than the type series (collected in 1988 [3] ) were known. The species is suspected to be intolerant of habitat disturbance. The habitat at the type locality has already been deforested for cattle ranching, and habitat loss is continuing in the area. The range of this species might extend into the nearby Las Orquídeas National Natural Park, although surveys in 2014 in the western portion of the park did not record it; the park is also in need of better habitat protection. [1]

Related Research Articles

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<i>Pristimantis paisa</i> Species of frog

Pristimantis paisa is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Colombia and is only known from the Cordillera Central in the Antioquia Department. The specific name refers to the inhabitants of the area where this frog occurs, called paisas.

<i>Pristimantis permixtus</i> Species of frog

Pristimantis permixtus is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Colombia where it is found on the Cordillera Occidental and the Cordillera Central in Antioquia, Caldas, Quindío, Risaralda, Tolima, and Valle del Cauca departments.

Pristimantis piceus is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Colombia and occurs in the Cordillera Central between the Antioquia Department in the north and the Cauca Department in the south. Many specimens are black in color, and the specific name piceus is Latin meaning "pitch-black".

Pristimantis racemus is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Colombia and known from the páramos of Cordillera Central along the Valle del Cauca–Tolima Department borderland north to the Quindío Department. Common name Las Hermosas robber frog has been coined for it. The specific name racemus is Latin and means "a bunch of berries", and refers to the warty skin of this species.

<i>Pristimantis scopaeus</i> Species of frog

Pristimantis scopaeus is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Colombia and occurs in the Cordillera Central in the Tolima and Quindío Departments. Pristimantis scopaeus is a dwarf species: adult males in the type series were first mistaken for juveniles of Pristimantis simoteriscus, which itself already is a small species. The specific name scopaeus is Latinization of the Greek skopaios, meaning "dwarf".

Pristimantis simoteriscus is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Colombia and occurs in the Cordillera Central in the Tolima, Quindío, and Caldas Departments. There is also an unconfirmed record from the Valle del Cauca Department. The specific name simoteriscus is diminutive of simoterus, chosen because adult P. simoteriscus resemble juvenile individuals of Pristimantis simoterus.

<i>Pristimantis simoterus</i> Species of frog

Pristimantis simoterus is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Colombia and known from the Cordillera Central in the Caldas, Risaralda, Quindío, and Tolima Departments. Common name Albania robber frog has been coined for it. The specific name simoterus is derived from Greek simos meaning "snub-nosed", in reference to the short snout of this species.

<i>Pristimantis uranobates</i> Species of frog

Pristimantis uranobates is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Colombia and occurs in the Cordillera Central as well as on the western slopes of Cordillera Occidental in Tolima, Quindío, Caldas, Risaralda, and Antioquia Departments. The specific name uranobates is derived from Greek ouranos and bates, meaning "one who haunts the heavens". This refers to "the lofty habitat of the species in the Los Nevados district of Colombia". Common name Caldas robber frog has been coined for it.

Pristimantis veletis is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Colombia and is only known from the vicinity of its type locality in Samaná and Pensilvania municipalities in the Caldas Department, on the eastern slope of the Cordillera Central. The specific name veletis is Latin from "skirmisher". It alludes to the resemblance of the color pattern of this frog to the camouflage clothing of the guerillas that were present in the area of the type locality, as well as to the chin pattern that loosely resembles the chevrons in some military uniforms.

Pristimantis zophus is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Colombia and is only known from the eastern slopes of the northern Cordillera Central in the Antioquia Department. The specific name is derived from Greek zophus, meaning "darkness" or "gloom". It refers to the drab coloration of this frog, as well as its habit of becoming active after the sunset.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. (2019). "Pristimantis polemistes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T61817A85908274. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T61817A85908274.en . Retrieved 7 October 2021.
  2. 1 2 Frost, Darrel R. (2022). "Pristimantis polemistes (Lynch and Ardila-Robayo, 2004)". Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. Version 6.1. American Museum of Natural History. doi:10.5531/db.vz.0001 . Retrieved 28 October 2022.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Lynch, J. D. & Ardila-Robayo, M. C. (2004). "A new Colombian frog of the genus Eleutherodactylus from the northern Cordillera Occidental". Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. 28 (108): 403–408.
  4. ↑ Acosta Galvis, A. R. (2021). "Pristimantis polemistes (Lynch & Ardila, 2004)". Lista de los Anfibios de Colombia: Referencia en linea V.11.2021. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
  5. ↑ Vitt, Laurie J. & Caldwell, Janalee P. (2014). Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles (4th ed.). Academic Press. p. 166.
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