Proatriplex

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Proatriplex
Proatriplex pleiantha - Patrick Alexander 01.jpg
Proatriplex pleiantha Sandoval County, New Mexico, USA
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Amaranthaceae
Subfamily: Chenopodioideae
Tribe: Atripliceae
Genus: Proatriplex
(W.A.Weber) Stutz & G.L.Chu
Species:
P. pleiantha
Binomial name
Proatriplex pleiantha
Synonyms [1]
  • Atriplex pleianthaW.A.Weber (1950)
  • Atriplex subg. ProatriplexW.A.Weber
  • Atriplex sect. PleianthaeS.L.Welsh

Proatriplex is a monotypic plant genus in the subfamily Chenopodioideae of the family Amaranthaceae, with the only species Proatriplex pleiantha (syn. Atriplex pleiantha). [1] It is known by the common names four-corners orach [2] and Mancos shadscale. [3] It occurs in the Navajo Basin of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah.

Contents

Description

Proatriplex pleiantha detail of leaves and flowers Proatriplex pleiantha - Patrick Alexander 03.jpg
Proatriplex pleiantha detail of leaves and flowers

Proatriplex pleiantha is an annual plant of 5–17 cm, glabrous, sometimes slightly farinose. The erect stems are branched from base with white-yellow or reddish ascending branches. The alternate or sometimes nearly opposite leaves are petiolate. The succulent, bright green leaf blades of 5–28 mm length and width are ovate to suborbiculate with entire margins. The leaf anatomy is of the "normal" (non-Kranz) type of C3-plants. [1]

The plants are monoecious. The inflorescences either contain mixed male and female flowers, or consist of interrupted, terminal spikes of glomerulated male flowers, and female flowers standing in the leaf axils. Male flowers (without bracteoles) consist of 5 perianth lobes, ca. 1–1.5 mm long, united in the lower half, with cucullate tips, and 5 exserting stamens inserting on a disc. Female flowers are sitting in groups of 2–6 within 2 opposite bracteoles, they consist of a hyaline perianth of 5 scale-like, lanceolate to ovate tepals of 1–1.5 mm, and an ovary with 2 filiform, slightly exserted stigmas. [1]

In fruit, the bracteoles enclosing the fruits become accrescent, 3–7 mm long and broad, slightly connate in the lower half. Their shape is triangular-ovate to orbiculate, with sessile or shortly stipitate bases and entire margins. Their surface is glabrous, without tubercles. The suborbicular to obovoid, laterally compressed fruit (utricle) is nearly equal in length to perianth and falls at maturity. The membranous pericarp adheres to the seed. The vertically orientated seed has a black, smooth and shining, crustaceous seed coat. The annular embryo surrounds the copious farinaceous perisperm. [1]

Proatriplex pleiantha is flowering from May to June. [1]

The chromosome numbers are n = 9 (haploid) and 2n = 18 (diploid). [1]

Systematics

Proatriplex belongs to the tribe Atripliceae in the subfamily Chenopodioideae of the family Amaranthaceae. [1]

Proatriplex has been first described in 1950 by William Alfred Weber at the rank of a subgenus of Atriplex (in: Madroño 10(6): p. 188–189). In 1990, it was raised to genus level by Howard Coombs Stutz & Ge Lin Chu (in: American Journal of Botany 77(3), p. 364). The genus is monotypic, comprising only Proatriplex pleiantha (W.A. Weber) Stutz & G.L. Chu.. This species was later again included in genus Atriplex . [2] Phylogenetic research revealed it to be distinct from most Atriplex species, being more closely related to other endemic North American genera of Atripliceae. [1]

Distribution

Proatriplex pleiantha is endemic to the Navajo Basin of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah. It is very common in desert badlands, and occurs often in pure stands on saline clay soils of depressions, or together with other halophytes in salt desert shrubs. [1] It grows at altitudes of 1400–1500 m. [2]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amaranthaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

Amaranthaceae is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type genus Amaranthus. It includes the former goosefoot family Chenopodiaceae and contains about 165 genera and 2,040 species, making it the most species-rich lineage within its parent order, Caryophyllales.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chenopodioideae</span> Subfamily of flowering plants

The Chenopodioideae are a subfamily of the flowering plant family Amaranthaceae in the APG III system, which is largely based on molecular phylogeny, but were included – together with other subfamilies – in the family Chenopodiaceae, or goosefoot family, in the Cronquist system.

<i>Atriplex</i> Genus of flowering plant

Atriplex is a plant genus of about 250 species, known by the common names of saltbush and orache. It belongs to the subfamily Chenopodioideae of the family Amaranthaceae s.l.. The genus is quite variable and widely distributed. It includes many desert and seashore plants and halophytes, as well as plants of moist environments. The generic name originated in Latin and was applied by Pliny the Elder to the edible oraches. The name saltbush derives from the fact that the plants retain salt in their leaves; they are able to grow in areas affected by soil salination.

<i>Atriplex semibaccata</i> Species of plant

Atriplex semibaccata, commonly known as Australian saltbush, berry saltbush, or creeping saltbush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae and is endemic to Australia. It is a perennial herb native to Western Australia, South Australia, Queensland and New South Wales, but has been introduced into other states and to overseas countries. It flowers and fruits in spring, and propagates from seed when the fruit splits open. This species of saltbush is adapted to inconsistent rainfall, temperature and humidity extremes and to poor soil. It is used for rehabilitation, medicine, as a cover crop and for fodder. Its introduction to other countries has had an environmental and economic impact on them.

<i>Atriplex cinerea</i> Species of plant

Atriplex cinerea, commonly known as grey saltbush, coast saltbush, barilla or truganini, is a plant species in the family Amaranthaceae. It occurs in sheltered coastal areas and around salt lakes in the Australian states of Western Australia, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and New South Wales.

<i>Grayia</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants

Grayia is a genus of plants in the subfamily Chenopodioideae of the family Amaranthaceae. Common names are siltbush and hopsage. The four shrubby species occur in arid and semiarid regions of western North America:

<i>Grayia spinosa</i> Species of flowering plant

Grayia spinosa is a species of the genus Grayia in the subfamily Chenopodioideae of the flowering plant family Amaranthaceae, which is known by the common names hop sage and spiny hop sage. It is widely distributed across the Western United States, where it grows in a number of desert and mountain habitats.

<i>Atriplex vesicaria</i> Species of plant

Atriplex vesicaria, commonly known as bladder saltbush, is a species of flowering plant of the family Amaranthaceae and is endemic to arid and semi-arid inland regions of Australia. It is an upright or sprawling shrub with scaly leaves and separate male and female plants, the fruit often with a bladder-like appendage.

<i>Krascheninnikovia</i> Genus of flowering plants in the family Amaranthaceae

Krascheninnikovia is a genus of flowering plants in the subfamily Chenopodioideae of the family Amaranthaceae known as winterfat, so-called because it is a nutritious livestock forage. They are known from Eurasia and western North America. These are hairy perennials or small shrubs which may be monoecious or dioecious. They bear spike inflorescences of woolly flowers.

<i>Extriplex californica</i> Species of aquatic plant

Extriplex californica is a plant species known by the common name California saltbush or California orache. Formerly, it was included in genus Atriplex. It is native to coastal California and Baja California, where it grows in areas with saline soils, such as beaches and salt marshes.

Extriplex joaquinana is a species known by the common name San Joaquin saltbush. It was formerly included in genus Atriplex.

<i>Spinacia</i> Genus of flowering plants in the amaranth family Amaranthaceae

Spinacia is a flowering plant genus in the subfamily Chenopodioideae of the family Amaranthaceae. The most common member is spinach.

<i>Lipandra</i> Genus of flowering plants

Lipandra polysperma, common name manyseed goosefoot, is the only species of the monotypic plant genus Lipandra from the subfamily Chenopodioideae of the family Amaranthaceae.

<i>Halimione</i> Genus of flowering plants

Halimione is a plant genus from the subfamily Chenopodioideae of the family Amaranthaceae. It is a sister genus of Atriplex and is included in that genus by Plants of the World Online.

<i>Extriplex</i> Genus of flowering plants

Extriplex is a plant genus in the subfamily Chenopodioideae of the family Amaranthaceae. It has been described in 2010 and comprises two species, that were formerly included in genus Atriplex. They are restricted to the California Floristic Province.

<i>Stutzia</i> Genus of plants

Stutzia is a plant genus in the subfamily Chenopodioideae of the family Amaranthaceae. It was described in 2010, replacing the illegitimate name Endolepis. It comprises two species, that have also been included in the genus Atriplex.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Atripliceae</span> Tribe of flowering plants

Atripliceae are a tribe of the subfamily Chenopodioideae belonging to the plant family Amaranthaceae. Atriplex is the largest genus of the tribe. Species of Atripiceae are ecologically important in steppe and semi-desert climates.

<i>Atriplex holocarpa</i> Species of flowering plant

Atriplex holocarpa is a low-growing species of Atriplex (saltbush) found throughout arid regions of Australia. A. holocarpa is commonly known as pop saltbush, because its carpals pop when stepped upon.

<i>Exomis microphylla</i> Species of flowering plant

Exomis is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Amaranthaceae. It just contains one species, Exomis microphylla(Thunb.) Aellen It is also in the Chenopodioideae subfamily.

<i>Atriplex angulata</i> Species of plant in the family Amaranthaceae

Atriplex angulata, commonly known as fan saltbush or angular saltbush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae. It is an annual to short-lived perennial subshrub, native to Australia, distributed throughout drier parts of the mainland.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Elizabeth H. Zacharias, Bruce G. Baldwin (2010): A Molecular Phylogeny of North American Atripliceae (Chenopodiaceae), with Implications for Floral and Photosynthetic Pathway Evolution. In: Systematic Botany35(4), p.839-857. doi : 10.1600/036364410X539907
  2. 1 2 3 Stanley L. Welsh (2003): Atriplex pleiantha in Flora of North America, p.345
  3. USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Proatriplex pleiantha". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 14 October 2015.