Protowenella

Protowenella; Temporal range: Mid Cambrian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Class:	† Hyolitha
Order:	† Orthothecida
Genus:	† Protowenella

Last updated June 24, 2025

Protowenella is a genus of hyolith from the Middle Cambrian of Australia and Greenland, previously thought to be a helcionelloid.^[1] It has a strongly spiralled, smooth shell with concentric ridges that have low relief. Other than its tighter coiling, it closely resembles Tichkaella .^[2]

References

↑ Peel, John S. (2 October 2021). "In-place operculum demonstrates that the Middle Cambrian Protowenella is a hyolith and not a mollusc". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 45 (4): 385–394. doi:10.1080/03115518.2021.2004225.
↑ Peel, J. S. (1991). "Functional Morphology of the Class Helcionelloida Nov., and the Early Evolution of the Mollusca". In Simonetta, A. M.; Conway Morris, S (eds.). The Early Evolution of Metazoa and the Significance of Problematic Taxa. Cambridge University Press. pp. 157–177. ISBN 978-0-521-40242-2.

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[1] Peel, John S. (2 October 2021). "In-place operculum demonstrates that the Middle Cambrian Protowenella is a hyolith and not a mollusc". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 45 (4): 385–394. doi:10.1080/03115518.2021.2004225.

[Peel1991-2] Peel, J. S. (1991). "Functional Morphology of the Class Helcionelloida Nov., and the Early Evolution of the Mollusca". In Simonetta, A. M.; Conway Morris, S (eds.). The Early Evolution of Metazoa and the Significance of Problematic Taxa. Cambridge University Press. pp. 157–177. ISBN 978-0-521-40242-2.

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