Clupeiformes is the order of ray-finned fish that includes the herring family, Clupeidae, and the anchovy family, Engraulidae. The group includes many of the most important forage and food fish.
The denticle herring is a small, up to 15 cm (5.9 in) long, species of ray-finned fish found only in the rivers of Benin, Nigeria, and western Cameroon. It is related to the herrings, but notable for its large anal fin and its array of denticle-like scales under the head, which give it almost a furry appearance.
The Crato Formation is a geologic formation of Early Cretaceous (Aptian) age in northeastern Brazil's Araripe Basin. It is an important Lagerstätte for palaeontologists. The strata were laid down mostly during the Aptian age, about 113 million years ago. It thought to have been deposited in a semi-arid lacustrine wetland environment.
Notopteroidei is a suborder of the order Osteoglossiformes that contains the extant families Gymnarchidae (aba), Notopteridae and Mormyridae (elephantfishes), as well as several extinct taxa. The Mormyridae are weakly electric fishes, able to locate prey in turbid water.
Ctenocephalichthys is an extinct genus of prehistoric marine ray-finned fish, generally considered a holocentriform, that lived during the Late Cretaceous. It is known from Cenomanian to the Santonian of Lebanon.
Barcarenichthys is an extinct genus of prehistoric marine ray-finned fish that lived during the Late Cretaceous. It contains a single species, B. joneti, from the late Cenomanian of Portugal.
Adriacentrus is an extinct genus of prehistoric marine bony fish that lived in the Turonian in what is now Croatia. It contains a single species, A. crnolataci. Formerly considered a beryciform fish, it is now known to be more closely related to the squirrelfish (Holocentridae).
Coryphaenopsis is an extinct genus of prehistoric marine ray-finned fish that lived during the Late Cretaceous. It contains a single species, C. brevis, known from the Turonian of the Czech Republic. It was an elopiform related to modern tarpons and ladyfish.
Chardonius is an extinct genus of prehistoric freshwater ray-finned fish from the late Aptian or early Albian. It contains a single species, C. longicaudatus, from the Loia Beds of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Casieroides is an extinct genus of prehistoric freshwater ray-finned fish. It contains a single species, C. yamangaensis from the Early Cretaceous Loia Formation of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Spratticeps is an extinct genus of clupeiform fish which existed in what is now England during the lower Cretaceous period. It contains the species Spratticeps gaultinus.
Santanaclupea is an extinct genus of clupeiform fish from the Romualdo Formation of Brazil. It is named after Santana do Cariri, the town that the Santana Formation is named after and Clupea, Latin for small river fish. The type species of the genus is Santanaclupea silvasantosi, which was named in honor of Prof. Rubens de Silva Santos.
Bullichthys is an extinct genus of marine albuliform fish which existed in the Romualdo Formation, Brazil during the Early Cretaceous (Albian) period. The type species is B. santanensis. The genus name references its inflated otic bulla.
Pattersonellidae is an extinct family of primitive ray-finned fish. It is tentatively classified under the suborder Argentinoidei of the order Argentiniformes.
Parawenzichthys is an extinct genus of protacanthopterygian fish containing the single species Parawenzichthys minor, known from the Turonian age Atlântida Formation in the Pelotas Basin in southern Brazil.
Pycnodontidae is an extinct family of ray-finned fishes, ranging from the Jurassic period until the Eocene. It was the largest and most derived family of the successful Mesozoic fish order Pycnodontiformes, and one of only two families to survive into the Cenozoic.
The Santana Group is a geologic group, formerly included as the middle part of the Araripe Group, in the Araripe Basin of northeastern Brazil. The group comprises the Crato, Ipubi and Romualdo Formations and is dated to the Aptian to Albian stages of the Early Cretaceous. The formations of the group were deposited in a lacustrine to subtidal shallow marine environment in the Araripe rift basin.
The Malhada Vermelha Formation is an Early Cretaceous geologic formation in Ceará, northeastern Brazil. The formation preserves reptile, fish and ichnofossils.
The Riachuelo Formation is a geologic formation of the Early to Late Cretaceous age in northeastern Brazil's Sergipe-Alagoas Basin. It is the first Formation of the Basin to contain sediments deposited under fully marine conditions. The formation is subdivided into three members: Angico, Taquari and Maruim.
Ellimmichthys is an extinct genus of freshwater clupeomorph fish belonging to the order Ellimmichthyiformes, of which it is the type genus. It was a distant relative of modern herrings and anchovies. It inhabited freshwater rift lakes in the supercontinent of West Gondwana during the Early Cretaceous, and fossil remains are known from formations in both South America (Brazil) and Africa.
