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The Culicomorpha are an infraorder of Nematocera, including mosquitoes, black flies, and several extant and extinct families of insects. They originated 176 million years ago, in the Triassic period. There are phylogenetic patterns that are used to interpret bionomic features such as differences in the nature of blood-feeding by adult females, daytime or nighttime feeding by adult females, and occurrence of immature stages in aquatic habitats.
A midge is any small fly, including species in several families of non-mosquito Nematoceran Diptera. Midges are found on practically every land area outside permanently arid deserts and the frigid zones. Some midges, such as many Phlebotominae and Simuliidae, are vectors of various diseases. Many others play useful roles as prey for insectivores, such as various frogs and swallows. Others are important as detritivores, and form part of various nutrient cycles. The habits of midges vary greatly from species to species, though within any particular family, midges commonly have similar ecological roles.
The Chironomidae comprise a family of nematoceran flies with a global distribution. They are closely related to the Ceratopogonidae, Simuliidae, and Thaumaleidae. Many species superficially resemble mosquitoes, but they lack the wing scales and elongated mouthparts of the Culicidae.
Antillocladius is a genus of midges belonging to the family Chironomidae, subfamily Orthocladiinae. The name Antillocladius means orthoclad that occurs in the Antilles, where it was primarily recorded.
Litocladius is a genus of chironomid midges that belongs to the subfamily Orthocladiinae and is composed of three species, Litocladius confusus Mendes et Andersen (2008), Litocladius mateusi Mendes, Andersen & Sæther (2004), and Litocladius floripa Mendes et Andersen (2008) all described from Brazil only. Male, female, and pupa of the type species are described, the remaining two species are known only from the male adults. This species are known from the Atlantic Forest, along the Brazilian coastline.
The genus Mesosmittia is cosmopolitan, thus occurring in all biogeographical regions except for Antarctica. Almost nothing or very little is known about its ecology, the larva of one species was described by Strenze (1950) as terrestrial, but adults can be collected using emergence traps set over rivulets.
Asheum is a genus of European non-biting midges in the subfamily Chironominae of the bloodworm family Chironomidae. It was originally named Pedionomus by James E. Sublette in 1964; this name was discovered by Patrick Ashe to be preoccupied by PedionomusGould, 1840, so it was renamed to Asheum by both James E. and Mary S. Sublette in 1983, naming it after Patrick Ashe. Asheum is sometimes considered to be a subgenus of Polypedilum.
Australopelopia is a genus of non-biting midges of the bloodworm family Chironomidae.
Arctodiamesa is a genus of non-biting midges in the subfamily Diamesinae of the bloodworm family Chironomidae.
Alotanypus is a genus of non-biting midges of the bloodworm family Chironomidae.
Metriocnemus is a genus of non-biting midges in the subfamily Orthocladiinae of the bloodworm family Chironomidae.
Synorthocladius is a genus of European non-biting midges in the subfamily Orthocladiinae of the bloodworm family (Chironomidae).
Beckidia is a genus of European and African non-biting midges in the subfamily Chironominae of the bloodworm family Chironomidae.
Chernovskiia is a genus of European non-biting midges in the subfamily Chironominae of the bloodworm family Chironomidae.
Paratanytarsus is a genus of European non-biting midges in the subfamily Chironominae of the bloodworm family Chironomidae.
Neozavrelia is a genus of non-biting midges in the subfamily Chironominae of the bloodworm family Chironomidae. From the tribe Tanytarsini, There are 23 described species.
Beardius is a genus of Pan-American non-biting midges in the subfamily Chironominae of the bloodworm family Chironomidae. It is named after the late Melvin Beard, a student at Eastern New Mexico University.
Constempellina is a genus of non-biting midges in the subfamily Chironominae of the bloodworm family Chironomidae.
Thalassomya is a genus of midges in the non-biting midge family (Chironomidae).
Diamesinae is a subfamily of midges in the non-biting midge family (Chironomidae).
References
- ↑ Makarchenko, Eugenyi A.; Semenchenko, Alexander A. (2023-09-01). "Two new chironomid species of the genus Pseudokiefferiella Zavřel (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae) from the Amur River basin of Russia". Zootaxa. 5339 (5): 481–491. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5339.5.5. ISSN 1175-5334.
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