Pyrenula rubroanomala is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Pyrenulaceae.[1] The species is characterized by its pale, thickened thallus and by clusters of small, black, flask-shaped fruiting bodies that often merge into irregular, rounded patches. A distinctive feature is the thin red pigment layer over these clusters, which turns purple when tested with potassium hydroxide solution. It is known from the type locality in Costa Rica, where it was found growing on tree bark in secondary vegetation in a moist lowland forest zone.
The lichen forms thick, corticate patches of thallus (the main lichen body) that are ochraceous yellowish-gray and often have a dusty white surface coating ( pruinose ). Colonies may reach about 2cm (0.8in) across, and can be bordered by a narrow black line of hypothallus (a dark marginal zone of fungal tissue), though this border may be absent. Its perithecia (flask-shaped fruiting bodies) sit on the surface as small, hemispherical bumps. Around 10–25 perithecia can fuse laterally into irregular, rounded stromatic clusters about 1–2mm wide, giving a strongly melanothecioid appearance. These clusters are covered by a thin, partly eroding layer of red pigment, and each perithecium has a tiny, black, centrally placed ostiole (opening).[2]
Under the microscope, the threads between the spore-producing sacs (the hamathecium among the asci) are clear rather than oil-filled, and they do not react with iodine (IKI–). Each ascus contains eight gray-brown ascospores with three internal cross-walls ( distoseptate ), measuring about 15–17 × 5–6μm. Inside each spore, the compartments ( lumina ) are angular to diamond-shaped, with the end compartments smaller than the central ones. In standard lichen spot tests, the thallus is UV–, while the red stromatic pigment turns purple with potassium hydroxide solution (K+), consistent with an anthraquinone-type pigment.[2]
1234Aptroot, André; Lücking, Robert; Sipman, Harrie J.M.; Umaña, Loengrin; Chaves, José Luis (2008). Pyrenocarpous Lichens with Bitunicate Asci: A First Assessment of the Lichen Biodiversity Inventory in Costa Rica. Bibliotheca Lichenologica. Vol.97. Berlin/Stuttgart: J. Cramer in der Gebrüder Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung. p.122. ISBN978-3-443-58076-6.
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