Rabi crop

Last updated

Wheat Wheat P1210892.jpg
Wheat
Barley Barley.jpg
Barley

Rabi crops or the rabi harvest, also known as winter crops, are agricultural crops that are sown in winter and harvested in the spring in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. [1] Complementary to the rabi crop is the kharif crop, which is grown after the rabi and zaid crops are harvested one after another respectively.

Contents

The word rabi was borrowed from Persian : ربيع, romanized: rabī, lit. 'spring'.

Etymology

The words kharif and rabi have their origins in Arabic. These came to be used in India with the ascent of the Mughal empire in the Indian subcontinent and have been widely used ever since. The term is derived from the Arabic word for "spring", which is used in the Indian subcontinent, where it is the spring harvest (also known as the "winter crop").

Rabi season in India

Rabi crops are sown around mid-November, preferably after the monsoon rains are over, and harvesting begins in April / May. The crops are grown either with rainwater that has percolated into the ground or using irrigation. Good rain in winter spoils rabi crops but is good for kharif crops.

The major rabi crop in India is wheat, followed by barley, mustard, sesame and peas. Peas are harvested early, as they are ready early: Indian markets are flooded with green peas from January to March, peaking in February.

Many crops are cultivated in both kharif and rabi seasons. The crops produced in India are seasonal and highly dependent on these two monsoons. [2] The table below contains a list of differences between the three cropping seasons in India.

Different cropping seasons in India.jpg

The Indian government also offers Minimum Support Price for these crops, so that the farmers can benefit from the harvest. [3]

Common rabi crops

Cereals

Fruits

List as follows. These are rabi harvests rather than crops as that term is usually applied to annuals and not perennials: [4]

Legumes / lentils (dal)

Seed plants

Vegetables

Others

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Winter wheat</span> Strain of wheat grown over the winter, rather than the summer

Winter wheat are strains of wheat that are planted in the autumn to germinate and develop into young plants that remain in the vegetative phase during the winter and resume growth in early spring. Classification into spring wheat versus winter wheat is common and traditionally refers to the season during which the crop is grown. For winter wheat, the physiological stage of heading is delayed until the plant experiences vernalization, a period of 30 to 60 days of cold winter temperatures.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Saag</span> Leafy vegetable dish from Indian subcontinent

Saag also spelled sag or saga, is an Punjabi leafy vegetable dish eaten with bread, such as roti or naan, or in some regions with rice. Saag can be made from mustard greens, collard greens, basella or finely chopped broccoli along with added spices and sometimes other ingredients, such as chhena.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rewari district</span> District of Haryana in India

Rewari district is one of the 22 districts in the state of Haryana, India. It was carved out of Gurgaon district by the Government of Haryana on 1 November 1989. It is also part of the National Capital Region. The administrative headquarter of the district is the city of Rewari, which is also the biggest city in the district. In medieval times, it was an important market town. It is located in southern Haryana. As of 2011, it is the second least populous district of Haryana after Panchkula.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Banda district, India</span> District in Uttar Pradesh, India

Banda district is a district of Uttar Pradesh state of India, and Banda is the district headquarters. It is a part of Chitrakoot Division.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lucknow district</span> District of Uttar Pradesh in India

Lucknow district is a district located in the state of Uttar Pradesh in northern India. The city of Lucknow is the district headquarters and the district is part of Lucknow division. It is also the capital city of Uttar Pradesh. Lucknow is bounded on the east by Barabanki district, on the west by Unnao and Hardoi districts, on the south by Raebareli district and in the north by Sitapur district.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Raebareli district</span> District of Uttar Pradesh in India

Raebareli district is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. The city of Raebareli is the district headquarters. This district is a part of Lucknow Division in Uttar Pradesh state. The total area of Raebareli district is 3,371 Sq. km.

Kharif crops, also known as monsoon crops or autumn crops, are domesticated plants that are cultivated and harvested in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh during the Indian subcontinent's monsoon season, which lasts from June to November depending on the area. Monsoon rains may begin as early as May in some parts of the Indian subcontinent, and crops are generally harvested from the third week of September to October. Rice, maize, and cotton are some of the major Kharif crops in India. Unlike the Rabi crops, which are grown in the winter, the kharif crops require good rainfall.

Bhojpuri cuisine is a style of food preparation common among the Bhojpuri people of Bihar, Jharkhand and eastern Uttar Pradesh in India, and also the Terai region of Nepal. Bhojpuri foods are mostly mild and tend to be less hot in terms of spices used. The cuisine consists of both vegetable and meat dishes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phal Kot Union Council</span> Town in Pakistan

Phalkot also spelled as Phal Kot is a residential town and one of the 51 union councils of Abbottabad District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Western disturbance</span> Extratropical storm over north India

A western disturbance is an extratropical storm originating in the Mediterranean region that brings sudden winter rain to the northwestern parts of the Indian subcontinent, which extends as east as up to northern parts of Bangladesh and South eastern Nepal. It is a non-monsoonal precipitation pattern driven by the westerlies. The moisture in these storms usually originates over the Mediterranean Sea, the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea. Extratropical storms are a global phenomena with moisture usually carried in the upper atmosphere, unlike their tropical counterparts where the moisture is carried in the lower atmosphere. In the case of the Indian subcontinent, moisture is sometimes shed as rain when the storm system encounters the Himalayas. Western disturbances are more frequent and stronger in the winter season.

Datta is a village in Hansi Tehsil, Hisar district, in Haryana, India. It is situated 36 km from Hisar city and 20 km from Hansi city on the road which also leads to Barwala. At Data there is another road that leads to Narnaund. It is 15 km from Narnaund Tehsil and only 16 km from Barwala town. Datta comes under Roghi Khap Panchayat. There is an oil depot of HPCL situated on Bianakhera road.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grain</span> Edible dry seed

A grain is a small, hard, dry fruit (caryopsis) – with or without an attached hull layer – harvested for human or animal consumption. A grain crop is a grain-producing plant. The two main types of commercial grain crops are cereals and legumes.

Madha is a village of Jats located in Hissar district in Haryana, India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Farming systems in India</span>

Farming systems in India are strategically utilized, according to the locations where they are most suitable. The farming systems that significantly contribute to the agriculture of India are subsistence farming, organic farming, industrial farming. Regions throughout India differ in types of farming they use; some are based on horticulture, ley farming, agroforestry, and many more. Due to India's geographical location, certain parts experience different climates, thus affecting each region's agricultural productivity differently. India is very dependent on its monsoon cycle for large crop yields. India's agriculture has an extensive background which goes back to at least 9 thousand years. In India, in the alluvial plains of the Indus River in Pakistan, the old cities of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa experienced an apparent establishment of an organized farming urban culture. That society, known as the Harappan or Indus civilization, flourished until shortly after 4000 BP; it was much more comprehensive than those of Egypt or Babylonia and appeared earlier than analogous societies in northern China. Currently, the country holds the second position in agricultural production in the world. In 2007, agriculture and other industries made up more than 16% of India's GDP. Despite the steady decline in agriculture's contribution to the country's GDP, agriculture is the biggest industry in the country and plays a key role in the socio-economic growth of the country. India is the second-largest producer of wheat, rice, cotton, sugarcane, silk, groundnuts, and dozens more. It is also the second biggest harvester of vegetables and fruit, representing 8.6% and 10.9% of overall production, respectively. The major fruits produced by India are mangoes, papayas, sapota, and bananas. India also has the biggest number of livestock in the world, holding 281 million. In 2008, the country housed the second largest number of cattle in the world with 175 million.

Zaid crops are summer season crops. They grow for a short time period between Rabi and Kharif crops, mainly from March to June. These crops are mainly grown in the summer season during a period called the Zaid crop season. They require warm dry weather as major growth period and longer day length for flowering. Some summer months and rainy season is required. These crops also mature early.

Khanpur Ahir or Khanpur Aheer is a village in Mundawar Mandal in Alwar district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Khanpur Ahir is 40 km (25 mi) from its district headquarters, Alwar. It is 140 km (87 mi) from its state capital, Jaipur.

Nasopur is a village in Kotkasim, Tehsil Alwar district, in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is located around 75 km south of Delhi, 75 km north of Alwar, and about 200 km north of Jaipur, the capital of Rajasthan. Nasopur is part of Greater Bhiwadi and National Capital Region (NCR).

Amarsar is a village in Jaipur district, Rajasthan, India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vijaipura</span> Village in India

Vijaipura is a village in the Sikar district of Rajasthan, India. It is located on the Sikar-Salasar road, to the north of Sewad Bari, 21 kilometres (13 mi) from the city of Sikar and 126 kilometres (78 mi) from the state capital Jaipur.

Gahi Mammar is a town in the Kahror Pakka located on Dr. Haroon Mayo Road in Lodhran District, at the time of partition it was agricultural land, few mahajir families migrated and settled here among which Mayo and Rana families who migrated from Mewat District and Haryana. It is located at an altitude of 130 meters. Gahi Mammar, its localities and subtowns comprise a population of around 20,000. Gahi Mammar is a town situated 18 km in North East of Kahror Pakka. Dunyapur is located to its west. There's Mailsi to its east, well known for its cotton crops and siphon at Sutlej river. Gahi Mammer is a town of Kahror Pakka, having a High School for Boys and a Middle School for Girls and also a Basic Health Unit Hospital at Dr. Haroon Mayo Road.

References

  1. Balfor, Edward (1885). The Cyclopaedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia (3 ed.). London: Bernard Quaritch. p. 331. Archived from the original on 2014-04-15.
  2. Sowing time of Rabi & Kharif crop | agropedia Archived 2013-01-05 at the Wayback Machine
  3. Revised MSP notification, Released by the Directorate of Economics and Statistics under the Ministry of Agriculture
  4. 1 2 Rabi products list, released by Agrinfobank, Pakistan
  5. 1 2 3 4 Rabi crop planting rises 10% in a week, 2016.
  6. Rabi crops in Haryana, Haryana Seeds Development Corporation.