Rakastava

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Rakastava
Suite by Jean Sibelius
Jean Sibelius, 1913.jpg
The composer in 1913
Opus 14
Composed1912 (1912)
Movements3
Scoring
Rakastava
Choral composition by Jean Sibelius
Composed
  • 1894 (men's chorus)
  • 1894 (men's chorus and string orchestra)
  • 1898 (mixed chorus)
Movements4
Scoring
  • men's chorus (1894)
  • men's chorus and string orchestra (1894)
  • mixed chorus (1898)

Rakastava (The Lover), Op. 14, is a suite by Jean Sibelius. He completed it in 1912, scored for string orchestra, percussion and triangle. He based it on his earlier composition of the same title, a song cycle of four movements for men's chorus a cappella completed in 1894. The works are based on a Finnish text in Book 1 of the Kanteletar .

Contents

History

In 1894, Sibelius completed Rakastava, a cycle of four a cappella songs for men's chorus on a Finnish text in Book 1 of the collection of Finnish folk poems, the Kanteletar . [1] [2] He first set it in 1894, as an entry for a local competition. He won the second prize, while the first prize went to his former teacher. [3] Sibelius arranged the cycle for men's chorus and string orchestra in 1894, and for mixed choir in 1898. [1]

Sibelius used the cycle as the basis for the orchestral suite Rakastava for string orchestra, percussion and triangle, to which he assigned the opus number 14. He completed it in 1912, when he also wrote his Fourth Symphony. [1] [4] Sibelius often conducted the suite together with his symphonies because the piece "captivated audiences". [1]

Music

Structure of the song cycle

  1. Missä armahani
  2. Armahan kulku
  3. Hyvää iltaa lintuseni [1]

Structure of the suite

  1. Rakastava, Andante con moto (common time, D minor)
  2. Rakastetun tie (The way of the lover), Allegretto (3
    4    , B♭ major)
  3. Hyvää iltaa ... Jää hyvästi (Good evening, farewell), Andantino (cut time, F major & D minor) [5]

In the first movement, the strings sound light and beautiful. The choral part of the second movement was changed to "murmurs on the strings and wonderfully flexible melodic progressions." [1] The third movement is deeply emotional as its model. [1]

Discography

The sortable table below contains other commercially available recordings of orchestral version of Rakastava:

No.ConductorEnsembleRec. [a] TimeRecording venueLabelRef.
1 Leslie Heward Leslie Howard String Orchestra194110:38 Birmingham Town Hall His Master's Voice
[b]
2 Franz Litschauer  [ de ] Vienna State Opera Orchestra c. 1952?? Vanguard
[c]
3 Arthur Winograd Arthur Winograd String Orchestrac. 1956?? MGM
[d]
4 Gennady Rozhdestvensky U.S.S.R. State Radio and TV Symphony Orchestra 196212:48?Yedang Classics
[e]
5 Leslie Jones The Little Orchestra of London c. 196911:45? Unicorn-Kanchana
[f]
6 Leo Berlin  [ sv ] Stockholm Philharmonic Chamber Ensemble 196911:44Studio 4, Swedish Radio Swedish Society Discofil  [ sv ]
[g]
7 Sir John Barbirolli Hallé Orchestra 196912:54 Kingsway Hall EMI Classics
[h]
8 Alois Springer  [ de ] Hamburg Symphony c. 197112:39?Allegria
[i]
9 Leif Segerstam Helsingin kamariorkesteri  [ fi ]197411:33 Sibelius Academy BIS
[j]
10 Paavo Pohjola  [ fi ]Espoo Chamber Orchestra197711:44 Finlandia Hall; Meilahti Church  [ fi ] [k] Espoo Records
[l]
11 Sir Neville Marriner Academy of St Martin in the Fields 197710:47 Kingsway Hall Argo
[m]
12 Sir Alexander Gibson Scottish National Orchestra 197712:16 Motherwell Town Hall Chandos
[n]
13 Nicolas Flagello Orchestra da Camera di Romac. 1977??Peters International
[o]
14 Roland Douatte Radio-Tele-Luxembourg Symphony Orchestra c. 198212:06? Valintatalo  [ fi ]
[p]
15 Neeme Järvi Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra 198515:01 Gothenburg Concert Hall BIS
[q]
16 William Boughton English String Orchestra 198810:50Great Hall, University of Birmingham Nimbus
[r]
17 Adrian Leaper Cappella Istropolitana 198912:53Moyzes Hall, Bratislava Naxos
[s]
18 Juhani Lamminmäki  [ fi ] Tapiola Sinfonietta 198911:01Tapiola Hall, Espoo Cultural Centre Finlandia
[t]
19 Heikki Rautasalo  [ fi ] Vox Artis Chamber Orchestra  [ fi ]199010:35Tapiola Hall, Espoo Cultural Centre Vox Artis
[u]
20 Paavo Berglund Finnish Chamber Orchestra  [ sv ]1991? Tampere Hall FCO  [ sv ]
[v]
21 Mario Bernardi CBC Vancouver Orchestra 199211:05 Orpheum CBC Records
[w]
22Richard RintoulColburn Chamber Orchestra199212:53 Bridges Hall of Music Ambassador
[x]
23 Csaba & Géza Szilvay The Helsinki Junior Strings 199210:40? Finlandia
[y]
24 Juha Kangas  [ fi ] Ostrobothnian Chamber Orchestra 199310:54 Kaustinen Church  [ fi ] Finlandia
[z]
25 Péter Csaba Virtuosi di Kuhmo  [ fi ]199411:01 Kuhmo Church  [ fi ] Ondine
26 Sir Colin Davis London Symphony Orchestra 199414:40 Blackheath Concert Halls RCA Red Seal
27 Michael Bartosch  [ sv ] Musica Vitae  [ sv ]200111:56 Hemmesjö Church  [ sv ] Intim Musik  [ sv ]
28 Osmo Vänskä Lahti Symphony Orchestra 200212:18 Sibelius Hall BIS
29 Vladimir Ashkenazy Royal Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra 200610:28 Stockholm Concert Hall Exton  [ ja ]
30Thomas Kemp Chamber Domaine 201710:57 Sidney Sussex College Chapel; St Mary's Church, West Malling [k] Resonus Classics
31 Susanna Mälkki Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra 202011:16 Helsinki Music Centre BIS
32 Edward Gardner Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra 202111:55 Grieg Hall Chandos

Literature

Notes

  1. ↑ Refers to the year in which the performers recorded the work; this may not be the same as the year in which the recording was first released to the general public.
  2. ↑ L. Heward–HMV (E 2904621) 1985
  3. ↑ F. Litschauer–Vanguard (VRS–430) 1952
  4. ↑ A. Winograd–MGM (E–3332) 1956
  5. ↑ G. Rozhdestvensky–Yedang Classics (CT–10059) 2001
  6. ↑ L. Jones—Unicorn-Kanchana (UKCD 2047) 1991
  7. ↑ L. Berlin–Swedish Society Discofil (SCD 1047) 2001
  8. ↑ J. Barbirolli–EMI Classics (7243 5 67299 2 6) 2000
  9. ↑ A. Springer–Allegria (221025–205) 2003
  10. ↑ L. Segerstam—BIS (CD–180) 1993
  11. 1 2 The liner notes to this release list both venues without further specification (i.e., track-by-track).
  12. ↑ P. Pohjola–Espoo Records (ESP–001) 1977
  13. ↑ N. Marriner–Argo (417 132–2) 1986
  14. ↑ A. Gibson—Chandos (CHAN 8393) 1985
  15. ↑ N. Flagello–Peters International (PLE 087) 1971
  16. ↑ R. Douatte–Valintatalo (VLP 13) 1982
  17. ↑ N. Järvi–BIS (CD–312) 1986
  18. ↑ W. Boughton–Nimbus (NI7716/7) 2000
  19. ↑ A. Leaper–Naxos (8.550330) 1990
  20. ↑ J. Lamminmäki–Finlandia (4509–95859–2) 1991
  21. ↑ H. Rautasalo–Vox Artis (VACD 001) 1990
  22. ↑ P. Berglund–FCO (FCO 1001) 1991
  23. ↑ M. Bernardi–CBC (SMCD 5157) 1996
  24. ↑ R. Rintoul–Ambassador (ARC 1009) 1993
  25. ↑ C/G. Szilvay–Finlandia (544692) 1994
  26. ↑ J. Kangas–Finlandia (4509–98995–2) 1996
  27. ↑ P. Csaba–Ondine (ODE 830–2) 1994
  28. ↑ C. Davis–RCA Red Seal (82876–55706–2) 2003
  29. ↑ M. Bartosch–Intim Musik (IMCD 076) 2001
  30. ↑ O. Vänskä—BIS (CD–1265) 2004
  31. ↑ V. Ashkenazy—Exton (OVCL–00279) 2007
  32. ↑ T. Kemp–Resonus Classics (RES10205) 2018
  33. ↑ S. Mälkki—BIS (SACD–2638) 2023
  34. ↑ E. Gardner–Chandos (CHSA 5217) 2021

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Other orchestral works / The Lover". Jean Sibelius. Finnish Club of Helsinki. Retrieved 1 December 2015.[ permanent dead link ]
  2. ↑ Rakastava (The Lover). Oxford Dictionary of Music. 2007. ISBN   978-0-19-920383-3 . Retrieved 1 December 2015.
  3. ↑ Johnston, Blair. "Rakastava (The Lover), for male chorus (with or without string orchestra), JS 160". AllMusic . Retrieved 7 December 2015.
  4. ↑ Dettmer, Roger. "Jean Sibelius / Rakastava (The Lover), suite for string orchestra, triangle & timpani, Op. 14". AllMusic . Retrieved 1 December 2015.
  5. ↑ Sibelius, Jean (1913). Rakastava – Miniature Score Edition. Breitkopf & Haertel. ISMN  9790004206416.

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