Raorchestes glandulosus

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Raorchestes glandulosus
Raorchestes glandulosus .jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Rhacophoridae
Genus: Raorchestes
Species:
R. glandulosus
Binomial name
Raorchestes glandulosus
(Jerdon, 1853)
Synonyms [2]
  • Ixalis ? glandulosa Jerdon, 1853
  • Ixalus glandulosa – Jerdon, 1870
  • Ixalus glandulosus – Günther, 1876 "1875"
  • Ixalus pulcher Boulenger, 1882
  • Rhacophorus noblei Ahl, 1927
  • Rhacophorus pulcherrimus Ahl, 1927
  • Philautus glandulosus – Roux, 1928
  • Rhacophorus (Philautus) glandulosus – Ahl, 1931
  • Rhacophorus (Philautus) noblei – Ahl, 1931
  • Rhacophorus (Philautus) pulcherrimus – Ahl, 1931
  • Philautus pulcher – Rao, 1937
  • Philautus noblei – Gorham, 1974
  • Philautus pulcherrimus – Gorham, 1974
  • Philautus (Philautus) glandulosus – Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001
  • Pseudophilautus glandulosus – Li et al., 2009
  • Raorchestes glandulosus – Biju et al., 2010

Raorchestes glandulosus, also known as glandular bush frog, rough-skinned bush frog, southern bubble-nest frog, and with many other names, is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to the Western Ghats, India, and known from the states of Karnataka and Kerala. [2] [3]

Contents

Description

The distinguishing feature of this species, at least among the Raorchestes from the Western Ghats, is its yellow dorsal surface of the forearm and the loreal region. Raorchestes glandulosus are small frogs. Males are 22–27 mm (0.87–1.06 in) in snout-vent length. Among the generally small Raorchestes, this makes them medium-sized. The holotype, now lost, was about 31 mm (1.2 in). The snout is pointed. The dorsum is shagreened. The lateral abdominal area is prominently glandular (hence the specific name glandulosus). Dorsal coloration varies between individuals and environmental conditions between dark green to dark purple or violet. The sides, forelimbs, and the loreal and tympanic regions are yellow. The ventrum is yellow to light yellow. [3]

Habitat and threats

Raorchestes glandulosus has been observed between 400 and 2000 meters above sea level. [2] [4] It is an arboreal species, usually found higher that 4 metres above the ground. It can be found within rainforest but also disturbed habitats such as forest fringes near coffee plantations and gardens. [3] Raorchestes glandulosus is threatened by habitat loss. The frog's range includes protected parks: Rajiv Gandhi National Park and Silent Valley National Park. [1]

The frog is classified as vulnerable to extinction because of habitat loss from the construction of plantations and roads. Scientists also cite climate change as a threat to this frog given that it could make the forests too dry for the frog to thrive. Given that many of the frogs live at high elevations, they would not be able to migrate to new places naturally should the climate grow hotter. Other frogs in Roarchestes have shown morbidity from chytridiomycosis, but scientists are not certain that it also kills R. glandulosus. [1]

Related Research Articles

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<i>Raorchestes charius</i> Species of frog

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<i>Raorchestes griet</i> Species of frog

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<i>Raorchestes luteolus</i> Species of amphibian

Raorchestes luteolus is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to the Western Ghats, India, where it is only known from the state of Karnataka. Many of the known populations are from the Kodagu district, known also by its anglicised former name of Coorg—hence the common name. It is also known from the Shimoga district in the Sharavathi basin where it was described as a new species, Philautus neelanethrus, but this is now considered to be a junior synonym of Raorchestes luteolus.

<i>Raorchestes munnarensis</i> Species of frog

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<i>Raorchestes tinniens</i> Species of frog

Raorchestes tinniens, also known as the spotted bush frog, black bush frog, and Rao's bubble-nest frog, is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to the Nilgiri Hills, a part of the Western Ghats, in Tamil Nadu and Kerala, southern India. It has a rather complicated taxonomic history, and there is still an open issue whether Ixalus montanusGünther, 1876 from Kudremukh (Karnataka), now in synonymy with Raorchestes tinniens, is indeed a valid species.

<i>Raorchestes travancoricus</i> Species of frog

Raorchestes travancoricus, variously known as the Travancore bushfrog, Travancore bubble-nest frog, or Travancore tree frog, is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. The species is endemic to the southern Western Ghats, India. Its specific name, travancoricus, as well as its three common names, refer to its type locality, Bodinayakkanur in the former Travancore state.

<i>Raorchestes tuberohumerus</i> Species of frog

Raorchestes tuberohumerus is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to the Western Ghats, India, where it is found in Karnataka and Kerala states.

<i>Pseudophilautus wynaadensis</i> Species of amphibian

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<i>Raorchestes ochlandrae</i> Species of amphibian

Raorchestes ochlandrae is a species of shrub frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to the Western Ghats, India. This species of the oriental shrub frog was first described from Kakkayam Reserve Forest of Calicut district, Kerala state, in the southern Western Ghats in 2007 but has since been recorded at many other sites along the Western Ghats. The specific name ochlandrae refers to microhabitat of the species, bamboo Ochlandra setigera.

<i>Raorchestes anili</i> Species of frog

Raorchestes anili, known commonly as Anil's bush frog, is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae.

<i>Raorchestes dubois</i> Species of frog

Raorchestes dubois or the Koadaikanal bush frog is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae.

<i>Raorchestes resplendens</i> Species of amphibian

Raorchestes resplendens, the resplendent shrubfrog, is a critically endangered species of frog belonging to the family Rhacophoridae endemic to the high altitude region around the south Indian peak of Anaimudi. It has extremely short limbs and numerous macroglands and was discovered from the Anamudi summit in the Western Ghats of Kerala, India and is known only from the Eravikulam National Park.

<i>Raorchestes</i> Genus of amphibians

Raorchestes is a genus of frogs in the subfamily Rhacophorinae that are found in mountainous regions of South Asia, Southeast Asia, and southern China. A recent study places Raorchestes as a sister taxon of Pseudophilautus. Before the description of the genus in 2010, species now in Raorchestes had been assigned to genera Ixalus, Philautus, and Pseudophilautus.

<i>Raorchestes akroparallagi</i> Species of amphibian

Raorchestes akroparallagi is a species of frogs in the family Rhacophoridae.

<i>Raorchestes ghatei</i> Species of amphibian

Raorchestes ghatei is a species of shrub frogs from the Western Ghats of Maharashtra.

<i>Raorchestes coonoorensis</i> Species of amphibian

Raorchestes coonoorensis, also known as the Coonore bushfrog or Coonoor bush frog, is a species of frogs endemic to the Western Ghats, India. It is reported from its type locality, Sim's Park in Coonoor, with an additional observation from Kothagiri; both locations are in the state of Tamil Nadu. Its altitudinal range is 1,780–1,850 m (5,840–6,070 ft) asl.

<i>Raorchestes honnametti</i> Species of frog

Raorchestes honnametti is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae that is described from the Biligiri Rangaswamy Tiger Reserve in Karnataka.

References

  1. 1 2 3 IUCN Amphibian Specialist group (2023). "Southern Bubble-nest Frog: Raorchestes glandulosus". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 3.1. p. e.T58847A166106955. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T58847A166106955.en. 58847. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
  2. 1 2 3 Frost, Darrel R. (2019). "Raorchestes glandulosus (Jerdon, 1853)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
  3. 1 2 3 Biju, S. D. & Bossuyt, Franky (2009). "Systematics and phylogeny of Philautus Gistel, 1848 (Anura, Rhacophoridae) in the Western Ghats of India, with descriptions of 12 new species". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 155 (2): 374–444. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00466.x .
  4. ↑ "Raorchestes glandulosus (Jerdon, 1853)". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
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