Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal-Arroyo,often referred to as PGMA or GMA,is a Filipino academic and politician who served as the 14th president of the Philippines from 2001 to 2010. She is the longest-serving president since Ferdinand Marcos. Before her presidency,she was the 10th vice president of the Philippines from 1998 to 2001 under President Joseph Estrada,becoming the first female vice president. She was also a senator from 1992 to 1998. After her presidency,she was elected as the representative of Pampanga's 2nd district in 2010 and continues to serve in this role. She also served as the speaker of the House from 2018 to 2019,and as deputy speaker from 2016 to 2017 and 2022 to 2023. Alongside former president Sergio Osmeña,she is one of only two Filipinos to hold at least three of the four highest offices:vice president,president,and house speaker.
This article covers the history of the current Philippine republican state following the 1986 People Power Revolution,known as the Fifth Philippine Republic.
Ceferino "Joker" Paz Arroyo Jr. was a Filipino statesman and key figure in the 1986 EDSA People Power Revolution that ousted dictator Ferdinand Marcos. He was a Congressman for Makati from 1992 to 2001 and Senator from 2001 to 2013. Arroyo received various awards and commendations for his significant contributions to the law profession and public service. Among these are the Philippine Bar Association's Most Distinguished Award for Justice as a "man beholden to no one except to his country" and Senate Resolution No. 100 enacted in the 8th Congress citing his invaluable service to the Filipino people. He was also known for being the thriftiest legislator,earning the title of "Scrooge of Congress",as he only had few staff members without bodyguards and did not use his pork barrel funds. In 2018,Arroyo was identified by the Human Rights Victims' Claims Board as a Motu proprio human rights violations victim of the Martial Law Era.
Angelo Tomas Reyes also known as General Reyes,was a Filipino retired general and politician who served as the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) Chief of Staff from 2000 to 2001 under President Joseph Estrada. At the height of the 2001 EDSA Revolution,Reyes withdrew his support for Estrada,which led to the installation of Vice President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo as president,under whom he then served as Cabinet Secretary until 2010. He also served under Arroyo as Secretary of the Departments of the Interior and Local Government,Environment and Natural Resources,Energy,and National Defense.
Randolf "Randy" Siongco David is a Filipino journalist,sociologist,and public intellectual. He is a professor emeritus of sociology at the University of the Philippines Diliman. He currently pens a weekly newspaper column for the Philippine Daily Inquirer,as well as being as one of the independent directors of the Philippine media conglomerate ABS-CBN Corporation.
Orlando "Orly" Sanchez Mercado is a Filipino politician and broadcast journalist best known for having served as a Senator of the Philippines from 1987 to 1998,Secretary of Defense from 1998 to 2001,and for his long career as a broadcast journalist,most famously for hosting the television program Kapwa Ko Mahal Ko.
The National Transmission Corporation is a Philippine government-owned and controlled corporation established in June 26,2001 by the Electric Power Industry Reform Act and a corporate entity wholly owned by the Power Sector Assets and Liabilities Management (PSALM). It is the owner of the country's power grid and its related assets and facilities since March 1,2003,and also served as operator of the grid from March 2003 until the turnover of the grid's operations,maintenance,management,construction,expansion,and eminent domain to the privately owned National Grid Corporation of the Philippines (NGCP) on January 15,2009.
Lakas–Christian Muslim Democrats,abbreviated as Lakas–CMD and also known simply as Lakas,is a political party in the Philippines. Lakas–CMD is considered to be on the centre-right of the political spectrum and is influenced by Christian democracy and Islamic democracy. Since the 2022 elections,Lakas–CMD is currently the biggest party in the House of Representatives,with the party's president,Martin Romualdez,serving as Speaker of the House. The party is a dominant member of the Alyansa para sa Bagong Pilipinas led by President Bongbong Marcos.
Emilia Tabalanza Boncodin was a Filipina accountant,professor,and public servant. She was the Secretary of the Philippine Department of Budget and Management under the presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. She also served as a professor at the National College of Public Administration and Governance at the University of the Philippines Diliman until her death in 2010.
The Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (CSAFP) is the highest-ranking military officer and the head of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP),including all service branches under its command. The position is usually held by a four-star rank of General or Admiral. Its direct equivalent in the US Armed Forces is the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Unlike its US counterpart,which is merely supervisory,the Chief of Staff has complete operational control within the military hierarchy and is responsible for the overall operations of the AFP.
The order of precedence in the Philippines is the protocol used in ranking government officials and other personages in the Philippines. Purely ceremonial in nature,it has no legal standing,and does not reflect the presidential line of succession nor the equal status of the three branches of government established in the 1987 Constitution.
Silvestre Hernando Bello III is a Filipino businessman and lawyer from Isabela,who served as the Secretary of the Philippines' Department of Labor and Employment,and concurrently Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process,under the Duterte administration. Bello was appointed by President Rodrigo Duterte to replace Rosalinda Baldoz in the secretaryship.
Menardo Ilasco Guevarra is a Filipino lawyer serving as Solicitor General of the Philippines since 2022 under President Bongbong Marcos. He previously served as the Secretary of Justice under President Rodrigo Duterte and as a commissioner of the Philippine Competition Commission under President Benigno Aquino III. Before joining the government,he was involved in private litigation practice as a founding partner of the Medialdea Ata Bello Guevarra &Suarez law firm since 1990. He was also an active faculty member at his alma mater Ateneo de Manila University,where he graduated in 1974.
The presidential spokesperson was a government official whose primary responsibility was to serve as the speaking representative of the president of the Philippines. The press secretary has historically assumed the role.
Norberto Borja Gonzales is a Filipino social democratic politician who served as secretary of national defense and national security adviser under 14th President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. Gonzales was a candidate in the 2022 presidential election.
The inauguration of Bongbong Marcos as the 17th president of the Philippines took place around noon (PHT) on Thursday,June 30,2022,at the National Museum of Fine Arts. The chief justice of the Supreme Court Alexander Gesmundo administered the oath of office,a first in 18 years,since the previous two presidential oaths were administered by an associate justice.
The presidential transition of Bongbong Marcos started when former senator Bongbong Marcos won the Philippine presidential election on May 9,2022. Marcos topped the official count by the Congress of the Philippines with 31,629,783 votes. The joint bicameral Congress proclaimed Marcos as the president-elect and Sara Duterte as the vice president-elect on May 25,2022. The transition lasted until the day of the president-elect's inauguration on June 30,2022.
Rose Beatrix "Trixie" Laviña Cruz-Angeles is a Filipino lawyer and vlogger who served as Press Secretary of the Philippines from June 30,2022,until October 4,2022.
Domingo Flores Panganiban,also known as Ding Panganiban,is a Filipino agriculturist,government official and former basketball executive and coach. He served as the Secretary of the Department of Agriculture under the administration of Presidents Joseph Estrada and Gloria Macapagal Arroyo.
