Richard Burnard Munday

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Richard Burnard Munday
Born(1896-01-31)31 January 1896
Plymouth, England
Died 11 July 1932(1932-07-11) (aged 36)
Allegiance United Kingdom
Service/branch Royal Navy
Royal Air Force
Years of service 1915–1931
Rank Squadron Leader
Unit No. 8 Naval Squadron RNAS
Battles/wars World War I
 • Western Front
Awards Distinguished Service Cross
Air Force Cross
Croix de guerre (Belgium)

Major Richard Burnard Munday was an English flying ace credited with scoring nine aerial victories during World War I. He was notable for scoring Britain's first night victory; he also excelled as a balloon buster at the rare feat of shooting down enemy observation balloons at night. [1]

Flying ace distinction given to fighter pilots

A flying ace, fighter ace or air ace is a military aviator credited with shooting down several enemy aircraft during aerial combat. The actual number of aerial victories required to officially qualify as an ace has varied, but is usually considered to be five or more.

Balloon buster

Balloon busters were military pilots known for destroying enemy observation balloons. These pilots were noted for their fearlessness. Seventy-seven flying aces in World War I were each credited with destroying five or more balloons, and thus were balloon aces.

Observation balloon type of balloons

An observation balloon is a type of balloon that is employed as an aerial platform for intelligence gathering and artillery spotting. Use of observation balloons began during the French Revolutionary Wars, reaching their zenith during World War I, and they continue in limited use today.

Contents

Early life

Richard Burnard Munday was born in Plymouth, England on 31 January 1896. [1] He was the eldest son of Major General and Mrs. R. C. Munday of Port Royal, Plymouth. [2]

Plymouth City and Unitary authority in England

Plymouth is a port city situated on the south coast of Devon, England, approximately 37 miles (60 km) south-west of Exeter and 190 miles (310 km) west-south-west of London. Enclosing the city are the mouths of the river Plym and river Tamar, which are naturally incorporated into Plymouth Sound to form a boundary with Cornwall.

World War I

Details of Munday's entry into military service are unknown. However, on 16 February 1915 he lost his probationary status as his rank of flight sub-lieutenant in the Royal Naval Air Service was confirmed, [3] and on the same day he was awarded Royal Aero Club Aviator's Certificate No. 1085. He had trained in a Maurice Farman biplane at the military flight school at Brooklands. [4]

Royal Naval Air Service former air arm of the Royal Navy

The Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) was the air arm of the Royal Navy, under the direction of the Admiralty's Air Department, and existed formally from 1 July 1914 to 1 April 1918, when it was merged with the British Army's Royal Flying Corps to form the Royal Air Force, the world's first independent air force.

Royal Aero Club

The Royal Aero Club (RAeC) is the national co-ordinating body for air sport in the United Kingdom. It was founded in 1901 as the Aero Club of Great Britain, being granted the title of the "Royal Aero Club" in 1910.

Maurice Farman French Grand Prix motor racing champion, aviator, and aircraft manufacturer and designer

Maurice Alain Farman was an Anglo-French Grand Prix motor racing champion, an aviator, and an aircraft manufacturer and designer.

Having completed his pilot's training, he began his aviation duties. He was slightly wounded on 28 December 1915, though details are unknown. [5]

Munday served as an instructor at Cranwell during 1916; one of his pupils was Leonard Henry Rochford. [1] [6] Munday was promoted to flight lieutenant on 1 April 1916. [7]

RAF Cranwell Royal Air Force training station in Lincolnshire, England.

Royal Air Force Cranwell or more simply RAF Cranwell is a Royal Air Force station in Lincolnshire, England, close to the village of Cranwell, near Sleaford. Among other functions, it is home to the Royal Air Force College (RAFC), which trains the RAF's new officers and Aircrew.

Squadron Leader Leonard Henry Rochford was a British World War I flying ace credited with twenty-nine aerial victories. He returned to military service in the Royal Air Force during World War II.

Flight lieutenant Junior commissioned rank

Flight Lieutenant is a junior commissioned air force rank that originated in the Royal Naval Air Service and is still used in the Royal Air Force and many other countries, especially in the Commonwealth. It is also sometimes used as the English translation of an equivalent rank in non-English-speaking countries, especially those with an air force-specific rank structure.

He was appointed an acting-flight commander on 3 December 1916. [8] On 26 April 1917, Flight magazine reported that Munday had been accidentally injured in the line of duty. [9]

Flight commander air force position

A flight commander is the leader of a constituent portion of an aerial squadron in aerial operations, often into combat. That constituent portion is known as a flight, and usually contains six or fewer aircraft, with three or four being a common number. The tactical need for commonality in performance characteristics of aircraft usually insures that all aircraft under a flight commander's command and control in air operations are the same or very similar types.

His first aerial success came on 18 August 1917. His second through sixth victories were over observation balloons; most unusually, Munday downed enemy balloons at night, scoring Britain's first night victory in the process. By 21 February 1918, his victory tally had reached nine. [1] His valour earned Munday the Distinguished Service Cross, gazetted on 16 March 1918:

"For courage and initiative. Offensive patrols under his able and determined leadership have consistently engaged enemy aircraft, and he has displayed the utmost courage in carrying out special missions alone, both by day and by night. On the 21st February, 1918, he attacked a new type enemy two-seater machine. The enemy machine dived steeply east, and Flt. Cdr. Munday followed and closed in, firing a long burst at close range, after which the enemy went down vertically out of control. On other occasions he has brought down enemy machines completely out of control, and has set fire to and destroyed enemy kite balloons both by day and night. On one occasion he attacked an enemy kite balloon at night, and destroyed both the balloon and its shed by fire." [10]

On 20 September 1918, he was also awarded the Belgian Croix de guerre . [11]

List of aerial victories

 Combat record [1] [6]
No.Date/timeAircraftFoeResultLocationNotes
1 18 August 1917
1830 hours		 Sopwith Triplane
serial number N5421		 Albatros D.V Driven down out of control Henin-Liétard Victory shared with Charles Dawson Booker and Edward Crundall
2 2 September 1917
2000 hours		 Sopwith Camel
s/n B3921		 Observation balloon Destroyed Quiéry-la-Motte
3 29 September 1917
2200 hours		 Sopwith Camel
s/n B3921		 Observation balloon Destroyed Brebières First British night victory
4 3 October 1917
approx. 2300 hours		 Sopwith Camel Observation balloon Destroyed Douai
5 7 November 1917
0610 hours		 Sopwith Camel
s/n B3921		 Observation balloon Destroyed North of Meurchin
6 21 January 1918
1900 hours		 Sopwith Camel
s/n B6378		 Observation balloon Destroyed Godault Farm
7 29 January 1918
1510 hours		 Sopwith Camel
s/n B6378		 Albatros D.V Driven down out of control Beaumont-Auby
8 3 February 1918
1230 hours		 Sopwith Camel
s/n B6378		 Albatros D.V Driven down out of control Vitry
9 21 February 1918
1130 hours		 Sopwith Camel
s/n B7197		 Reconnaissance aircraft Driven down out of control Drocourt

Post World War I

Munday remained in service postwar. On 1 August 1919, in the Royal Air Force revamping, Munday was granted a permanent commission in the rank of major. [12]

Munday was reassigned from occupation duty with the British Army of the Rhine in Germany when posted to the RAF Depot, Inland Region, back in England, on 16 January 1922. He was then assigned to the Headquarters of the Coastal Area on 1 February. [13]

On 11 December 1922 Munday was posted to the Seaplane Training School (Coastal Area) as a supernumerary officer, [14] then on 29 April 1923 he was posted to RAF Gosport to join No. 422 Flight. [15]

On 27 May 1925, Secretary of State for Air Samuel Hoare recommended the award of the Air Force Cross to Munday; the recommendation read:

"This officer has set a splendid example of sea flying in a ship-plane from a carrier while engaged in continuous reconnaissances under service conditions with the Fleet at sea. These exercises were carried out under conditions that were entirely novel to both pilots and observers and demanded great skill and endurance. Flight Lieutenant Munday's example has been a great incentive to all pilots and observers, and has stimulated Naval flying." [16]

On 3 June 1925, Munday was awarded the Air Force Cross [17] as a sixtieth birthday honour from King George V. [18]

On 1 January 1927, he was promoted from flight lieutenant to squadron leader. [19]

Richard Burnard Munday married Marie Jose de Reul of Brussels in her native city on 26 April 1930. [2]

On 8 May 1930 he was again posted to Headquarters, Coastal Area. [20]

On 5 May 1932, Squadron Leader Munday retired from the Royal Air Force due to ill health. [21] He died on 11 July 1932. [22]

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References

Citations
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "Richard Burnard Munday". The Aerodrome. 2015. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  2. 1 2 "Personals: Married". Flight . XXII (1115): 521. 9 May 1930. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  3. ↑ "No. 29159". The London Gazette (Supplement). 11 May 1915. p. 4533.
  4. ↑ "Aviators' Certificates". Flight. VII (322): 144. 26 February 1915. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  5. ↑ "The Roll of Honour: Slightly Wounded". Flight. VIII (367): 2. 6 January 1916. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  6. 1 2 Shores et.al. (1990), p.287.
  7. ↑ "Royal Naval Air Service: Appointments". Flight. VIII (380): 282. 6 April 1916. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  8. ↑ "Royal Naval Air Service: Appointments". Flight. VIII (416): 1088. 14 December 1916. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  9. ↑ "The Roll of Honour: Accidentally Injured". Flight. IX (435): 391. 26 April 1917. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  10. ↑ "No. 30581". The London Gazette. 15 March 1918. p. 3395.
  11. ↑ "No. 13323". The Edinburgh Gazette. 20 September 1918. p. 3502.
  12. ↑ "No. 31486". The London Gazette. 1 August 1919. p. 9864.
  13. ↑ "Royal Air Force: Appointments". Flight. XIV (684): 75. 2 February 1922. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  14. ↑ "Royal Air Force: Appointments". Flight. XIV (730): 777. 21 December 1922. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  15. ↑ "Royal Air Force: Appointments". Flight. XV (755): 323. 14 June 1928. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  16. ↑ "AIR 30/62". National Archives. 1925. Archived from the original on 19 June 2013. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  17. ↑ "No. 33053". The London Gazette (Supplement). 2 June 1925. p. 3781.
  18. ↑ "Birthday Honours". Flight. XVII (858): 346. 4 June 1925. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  19. ↑ "No. 33235". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 December 1926. p. 9.
  20. ↑ "Royal Air Force: Appointments". Flight. XXII (1126): 853. 25 July 1930. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  21. ↑ "Royal Air Force". Flight. XXIV (1221): 455. 20 May 1932. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  22. ↑ "Richard Burnard". Pipl.
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