Rigi

Last updated
Rigi
Lauerzersee.jpg
Rigi behind Lake Lauerz
Highest point
PeakRigi Kulm
Elevation 1,797 m (5,896 ft) [1]
Prominence 1,288 m (4,226 ft) [1]
Isolation 13.1 km (8.1 mi) [2]
Coordinates 47°03′24″N8°29′08″E / 47.05667°N 8.48556°E / 47.05667; 8.48556
Geography
Switzerland relief location map.jpg
Red triangle with thick white border.svg
Rigi
Location in Switzerland
Country Switzerland
Cantons
Parent range Schwyzer Alps
Topo map Swiss Federal Office of Topography swisstopo
Climbing
Easiest route Train and Cable-car

The Rigi (or Mount Rigi; also known as Queen of the Mountains) is a mountain massif of the Alps, located in Central Switzerland. The whole massif is almost entirely surrounded by the water of three different bodies of water: Lake Lucerne, Lake Zug and Lake Lauerz. The range is in the Schwyzer Alps, and is split between the cantons of Schwyz and Lucerne, although the main summit, named Rigi Kulm, at 1,797 meters above sea level, lies within the canton of Schwyz. The Rigi Kulm Hotel, established in 1816, is located on the summit. [3]

Contents

The Rigi Kulm and other areas, such as the resort of Rigi Kaltbad, are served by Europe's oldest mountain railways, the Rigi Railways. The whole area offers many activities such as skiing or sledging in the winter, and hiking in the summer.

Peaks

Name of peakHeight above seaCanton
Rigi Kulm1,797 m (5,896 ft)SZ
Rotstock 1,658 m (5,440 ft)LU/SZ border
Dosse 1,685 m (5,528 ft)LU/SZ border
Scheidegg 1,659 m (5,443 ft)SZ
Vitznauerstock (LU)/Gersauerstock (SZ) 1,452 m (4,764 ft)LU/SZ border
Rigi Hochflue (Urmiberg) 1,699 m (5,574 ft)SZ

Etymology

Depiction of Rigi as the center of the Swiss Confederacy (Albrecht von Bonstetten, 1479) Bonstetten Confederacy 1479.jpg
Depiction of Rigi as the center of the Swiss Confederacy (Albrecht von Bonstetten, 1479)

The name Rigi is from Swiss Old High German *rigî "horizontal stratification, strip, band", from OHG rîhan "gird; pleat, string", cf. OHG rîga "row, stripe, furrow", after the horizontal rock ledges and grass strips surrounding the mountain from west to east. [4] [5] The name is first recorded in 1350 as Riginun.

The name was interpreted as Regina montium "queen of mountains" by Albrecht von Bonstetten (1479), who however gives Rigena as alternative form. [6]

Bonstetten's interpretation as Regina was influential in the 17th century, and was still repeated in 18th-century travelogues. Karl Zay (Goldau und seine Gegend, 1807) criticized this latinization, arguing for mons rigidus instead. Later in the 19th century, many authors repeated either rigidus or regina as the name's supposed origin. The two possibilities were also adduced as explanation of the name's grammatical gender alternating between masculine and feminine. [7] Brandstetter (Die Rigi, 1914) finally discredited these interpretations and established the origin in Old High German rîga (whence modern German Reihe, Reigen; cognate with English row).

Transport

Rigi-Kulm station with trains of Vitznau-Rigi and Arth-Rigi railway Bahnhof Rigi-Kulm im Winter.jpg
Rigi-Kulm station with trains of Vitznau-Rigi and Arth-Rigi railway
Rigi-Kulm with the two rack railways around 1880. Oil sketch by Heinrich Muller Johann Heinrich Muller, 1825-1894 E02a Rigi Kulm.JPG
Rigi-Kulm with the two rack railways around 1880. Oil sketch by Heinrich Müller

There are multiple public transport options available to ascend Mount Rigi:

Recreation

Mount Rigi offers an area for recreation and sports measuring approximately 90 square kilometres (35 sq mi) offering a variety of well-maintained walking trails or mountain hikes where visitors can have a panoramic view of 150 km (93 mi) from various marked points. There are also numerous public grilling stations located near the hiking trails.

Rigi is also a destination for people practising winter sports and other winter recreation activities.

Rigi in culture

The Blue Rigi, Sunrise by J. M. W. Turner (watercolour on paper, 1842) Blue Rigi painting.jpg
The Blue Rigi, Sunrise by J. M. W. Turner (watercolour on paper, 1842)

Rigi has been featured in many works of art, including both paintings and literary publications. Perhaps the most famous paintings of the Rigi were a series by J. M. W. Turner, including The Blue Rigi, Sunrise , several of which are in the collection of the Tate Britain art gallery in London. [8]

Mark Twain also visited Rigi during his tour of Central Europe in the late 1870s, and wrote about his travels in chapter 28 of his A Tramp Abroad .

There is a Catskills resort called the Rigi Kulm in Abraham Cahan's novel The Rise of David Levinsky (1917).

The Rigi, a downhill road in Wellington, New Zealand, is named for the mountain and for many years was used as a main thoroughfare for coach riders. [9]

On 9 July 1868, during a three-week tour through Switzerland, Gerard Manley Hopkins ascended Rigi-Kulm, the highest peak of the Rigi massif: "From Lucerne by steamer to Küssnacht, thence walk across to Immensee, thence by steamer over lake of Zug to Arth, whence up the Rigi." [10]

Geology

Geologically, the Rigi is not a part of the Alps, and belongs instead to the Swiss plateau. It is mostly composed of molasse and other conglomerate, as opposed to the Bündner schist and flysch of the Alps.

See also

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The Scheidegg is a mountain summit of the Rigi massif, overlooking Goldau in the canton of Schwyz on its north mountainside, and Gersau and the Gersauerbecken on its south side. The cable car station 160 metres east of it is called Rigi Scheidegg.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rigi–Scheidegg railway</span> Former railway line in Switzerland

The Rigi–Scheidegg railway is a former railway line built high on the Rigi massif on the cantonal border between Lucerne and Schwyz in Switzerland. Today the line's trackbed, which is 6.7 kilometres (4 mi) in length, and includes a 70-metre (230 ft) tunnel and several bridges, is a rail trail, which serves as a panoramic footpath in summer, and as a route for cross-country skiing in winter.

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The Arth–Rigi railway line is a Swiss standard gauge rack railway that runs from Arth-Goldau RB to Rigi. It was built by the eponymous Arth-Rigi-Bahn between 1873–1875 and operated by that company until its merger with the Vitznau-Rigi-Bahn in 1992 to form Rigi Railways.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vitznau–Rigi railway line</span> Railway line in Switzerland

The Vitznau–Rigi railway line is a Swiss standard gauge rack railway that runs from Vitznau on the shore of Lake Lucerne to Rigi. It was built in 1871 by the Rigibahn, and is now owned by Rigi Railways, along with the Arth–Rigi railway line, which runs on the other side of the mountain, and the Weggis–Rigi Kaltbad cable car.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Steinen railway station (Switzerland)</span> Swiss railway station

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arth-Goldau RB railway station</span> Train station in Switzerland

Arth-Goldau RB railway station is a railway station in the municipality of Arth, in the Swiss canton of Schwyz. It is the terminus of the standard gauge Arth–Rigi line of Rigi Railways. The station consists of an elevated platform above the mainline Arth-Goldau station of Swiss Federal Railways.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rigi Kulm Hotel</span> Hotel in Switzerland

The Rigi Kulm Hotel is located immediately below the 1,798 metres (5,899 ft) summit of Mount Rigi in the Alps in the canton of Schwyz, Switzerland, about ten miles south of Zurich and eight miles east of Lucerne. Opened in 1816, it can only be reached on foot or via the Vitznau–Rigi or Arth–Rigi railways. It is said that 125 named peaks and thirteen lakes are visible from the hotel.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rigi Staffel railway station</span> Railway station in Switzerland

Rigi Staffel railway station is a railway station at 1,604 m (5,262 ft) on Rigi at the junction of the rack railways Arth–Rigi railway and Vitznau–Rigi railway, just below the terminus Rigi Kulm. It is located in the municipality of Arth, canton of Schwyz, Switzerland.

References

  1. 1 2 Swisstopo maps
  2. ↑ Retrieved from Google Earth. The nearest point of higher elevation is north of the Buochserhorn.
  3. ↑ Rigi Kulm Hotel official website
  4. ↑ Schweizerisches Idiotikon, vol. VI, col. 753, article Rigi , 3a ("horizontal laufende Schichtung, Streifen, Band im Gebirge") and 3b ("spec. der bekannte Berg zw. ZG- und Vw-See").
  5. ↑ Luzerner Namenbuch 2. Rigi. Die Orts- und Flurnamen der Luzerner Rigigemeinden. Ed. by Erika Waser. Gamma, Altdorf 2009, ISBN   978-3-906200-26-2, p. 377–379: "die von weitem sichtbaren, horizontal laufenden Fels- und Grasbänder, die den Gipfel in einem weiten Bogen von Westen nach Osten umgeben".
  6. ↑ "Und ist das der berg Rigena, die die alten ein küngin der bergen geheyssen habent. Dann in dem selbigen berg sint vor langen, alten ziten heiligen verborgen gelegen, die noch zuͦ disen ziten (als man redt) mit himelscher sinphonie und lobgesang oft gehöret werden got lobent, und ir liplichen fuͦsstritten oft gloubhaftigen lüten erschinen sind." "Superioris Germanie Confoederatis descriptio" / "... der Obertütscheit Eidgnosschaft ... kurze beschribung" ed. Albert Büchi, QSG 13 (1893), 217–267.
  7. ↑ "Die Wurzelwort-Forscher und Urkunden-Leute haben schon gelehrte Untersuchungen angestellt, ob der Name 'Rigi' von rigidus mons (der rauhe Berg) oder von regina montium (die Königin der Berge) abstamme und er somit ein Masculinum oder Femininum sei; jede Vermuthung hat gleich Viel für sich." (Berlepsch, Hermann, Alexander): Der Rigi, der Vierwaldstätter-See und die Urkantone. Ein Führer für Fremde. Leipzig 1858.
  8. ↑ "The Blue Rigi, Sunrise, Joseph Mallord William Turner". Tate, London. Retrieved 2013-01-06.
  9. ↑ Joseph Romanos (2013-03-22). "When The Rigi was the main coach road". The Dominion Post.
  10. ↑ The Journals and Paper of Gerard Manley Hopkins. London: Oxford University Press. 1959. p. 170.
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