Maleeha Lodhi is a Pakistani diplomat,political scientist,and a former Pakistan's Representative to the United Nations. She was the first woman to hold the position. Previously,she served as Pakistan's envoy to the Court of St James' and twice as its ambassador to the United States.
The Inter-Services Intelligence is the largest and best-known component of the Pakistani intelligence community. It is responsible for gathering,processing,and analyzing any information from around the world that is deemed relevant to Pakistan's national security. The ISI reports to its director-general and is primarily focused on providing intelligence to the Pakistani government.
Mansoor Ijaz is a Pakistani-American venture financier and hedge-fund manager. He is founder and chairman of Crescent Investment Management Ltd,a New York and London-based investment firm that operates CARAT,a proprietary trading system developed by Ijaz in the late 1980s. His venture investments included unsuccessful efforts in 2013 to acquire a stake in Lotus F1,a Formula One team. In the 1990s,Ijaz and his companies were contributors to Democratic Party institutions as well as the presidential candidacies of Bill Clinton.
Arnold Lewis Raphel was an American diplomat who served as the 18th United States Ambassador to Pakistan.
India–Iran relations are the bilateral relationship between the Republic of India and the Islamic Republic of Iran. Independent India and Iran established diplomatic relations on 15 March 1950. However,ties between both ancient Persia and ancient India date back millennia. During much of the Cold War,relations between India and the erstwhile Imperial State of Iran suffered due to their differing political interests:India endorsed a non-aligned position but fostered strong links with the Soviet Union,while Iran was an open member of the Western Bloc and enjoyed close ties with the United States. While India did not welcome the 1979 Islamic Revolution,relations between the two states strengthened momentarily in its aftermath. However,Iran's continued support for Pakistan in the India–Pakistan conflict and India's close relations with Iraq during the Iran–Iraq War greatly strained bilateral ties. In the 1990s,both India and Iran supported the Northern Alliance against the Taliban in Afghanistan,the latter of which received overt Pakistani backing and ruled most of the country until the 2001 United States-led invasion. They continued to collaborate in supporting the broad-based anti-Taliban government,led by Ashraf Ghani and backed by the international community,until the Taliban captured Kabul in 2021 and re-established the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. India and Iran signed a defence cooperation agreement in December 2002.
Martin Sean Indyk was an Australian-American diplomat and foreign relations analyst with expertise in the Middle East.
Husain Haqqani is a Pakistani journalist,academic,political activist,and former ambassador of Pakistan to Sri Lanka and the United States.
Robert Bigger Oakley was an American diplomat whose 34-year career (1957–1991) as a Foreign Service Officer included appointments as United States Ambassador to Zaire,Somalia,and Pakistan and,in the early 1990s,as a special envoy during the American involvement in Somalia.
Iran and Pakistan established relations on 14 August 1947,the day of the independence of Pakistan,when Iran became the first country to recognize Pakistan. Both sides continue to cooperate economically where possible and have formed alliances in a number of areas of mutual interest,such as fighting the drug trade along their border and combating the insurgency in the Balochistan region.
Huma Mahmood Abedin is an American political staffer who was vice chair of Hillary Clinton's 2016 campaign for President of the United States. Before that,Abedin was deputy chief of staff to Clinton when she was U.S. Secretary of State from 2009 to 2013. She was also the traveling chief of staff and former assistant to Clinton during her 2008 presidential campaign for the Democratic nomination in the 2008 presidential election.
Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq,the sixth president of Pakistan,died in an aircraft crash on 17 August 1988 in Bahawalpur near the Sutlej River. Zia's close assistant Akhtar Abdur Rehman,American diplomat Arnold Lewis Raphel and 27 others also died upon impact.
Pakistan and state-sponsored terrorism refers to the involvement of Pakistan in terrorism through the backing of various designated terrorist organizations. Pakistan has been frequently accused by various countries,including its neighbours Afghanistan,Iran,and India,as well as by the United States,the United Kingdom,Germany,and France,of involvement in a variety of terrorist activities in both its local region of South Asia and beyond. Pakistan's northwestern tribal regions along the Afghanistan–Pakistan border have been described as an effective safe haven for terrorists by Western media and the United States Secretary of Defense,while India has accused Pakistan of perpetuating the insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir by providing financial support and armaments to militant groups,as well as by sending state-trained terrorists across the Line of Control and de facto India–Pakistan border to launch attacks in Indian-administered Kashmir and India proper,respectively. According to an analysis published by the Saban Center for Middle East Policy at the Brookings Institution in 2008,Pakistan was reportedly,with the possible exception of Iran,perhaps the world's most active sponsor of terrorist groups;aiding these groups that pose a direct threat to the United States. Pakistan's active participation has caused thousands of deaths in the region;all these years Pakistan has been supportive to several terrorist groups despite several stern warnings from the international community. Daniel Byman,a professor and senior analyst of terrorism and security at the Center For Middle East Policy,also wrote that Pakistan is probably 2008's most active sponsor of terrorism. In 2018,the former Prime Minister of Pakistan,Nawaz Sharif,suggested that the Pakistani government played a role in the 2008 Mumbai attacks that were carried out by Lashkar-e-Taiba,a Pakistan-based Islamist terrorist group. In July 2019,Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan,on an official visit to the United States,acknowledged the presence of some 30,000–40,000 armed terrorists operating on Pakistani soil. He further stated that previous administrations were hiding this truth,particularly from the United States,for the last 15 years during the War on Terror.
For purposes of U.S. foreign policy,South Asia consists of Afghanistan,Bangladesh,Bhutan,India,the Maldives,Nepal,Pakistan,and Sri Lanka. The Assistant Secretary of State for South and Central Asian Affairs was Nisha Desai Biswal.
The Embassy of the United States of America in Tehran was the American diplomatic mission in the Imperial State of Iran. Direct bilateral diplomatic relations between the two governments were severed following the Iranian Revolution in 1979,and the subsequent seizure of the embassy in November 1979.
Hillary Clinton served as the 67th United States Secretary of State,under President Barack Obama,from 2009 to 2013,overseeing the department that conducted the foreign policy of Barack Obama. She was preceded in office by Condoleezza Rice,and succeeded by John Kerry. She is also the only former First Lady of the United States to become a member of the United States Cabinet.
Syed Ghulam Nabi Fai is an American citizen of Kashmiri origin,and a Jamaat-e-Islami activist. He founded the organisation Kashmiri American Council in the United States and carried out lobbying on behalf of Kashmiri separatist groups and the Government of Pakistan. In 2011,the US government stated that this was a front group for Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI).
Nancy Halliday Ely-Raphel is an American diplomat. She was the United States Ambassador to Slovenia from 1998 to 2001. From 2001 to 2003,she was the first Director of the U.S. State Department's Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons.
Richard Gustave Olson Jr. is an American diplomat and career Foreign Service officer,who formerly served as the United States ambassador to Pakistan. Prior to his appointment in Pakistan,Olson had served as U.S. ambassador to the United Arab Emirates as well the coordinating director for development and economic Affairs at the U.S. embassy in Kabul with the rank of ambassador. He is a career member of the Foreign Service,class of career minister.
During her tenure as United States Secretary of State,Hillary Clinton drew controversy by using a private email server for official public communications rather than using official State Department email accounts maintained on federal servers. After a years-long FBI investigation,it was determined that Clinton's server did not contain any information or emails that were clearly marked classified. Federal agencies did,however,retrospectively determine that 100 emails contained information that should have been deemed classified at the time they were sent,including 65 emails deemed "Secret" and 22 deemed "Top Secret". An additional 2,093 emails were retroactively designated confidential by the State Department.
