The original Diocese of Cortone (also Cotrone, now Crotone) had existed from the 6th century. It was a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Reggio.
History
According to local legend the Gospel was preached there by Peter the Apostle, or by Dionysius the Areopagite, a follower of Paul of Tarsus, and it is claimed that Dionysius was the first bishop.[3]
Cotrone (ancient Croton) was besieged by Totila, King of the Goths, in the 540s, without success. At a later date Croton became a part of the Byzantine Empire. About 870 it was taken and sacked by the Saracens, who put to death the bishop and many people who had taken refuge in the cathedral. Later on it was conquered by Normans, and thenceforth shared the fate of the Kingdom of Naples.
The first known bishop of Cotrone, according to local tradition, was Flavianus, during whose episcopate occurred the siege of the city by Totila, according to Fernando Ughelli. There is no documentary evidence of his existence.
Cathedral and Chapter
The cathedral of Crotone was dedicated to the Assumption of Mary, and to Dionysius the Areopagite.
The cathedral was administered and staffed by a corporation called the Chapter, which was composed of four dignities (Archdeacon, Dean, Cantor and Archpriest) and sixteen canons.[4] In 1690, and again in 1793, there were six dignities and eighteen canons.[5]
The diocesan seminary was established by Bishop Girolamo Carafa (1664–1683).[6]
Diocesan synods
A diocesan synod was an irregularly held, but important, meeting of the bishop of a diocese and his clergy. Its purpose was:[7]
to proclaim generally the various decrees already issued by the bishop;
to discuss and ratify measures on which the bishop chose to consult with his clergy;
to publish statutes and decrees of the diocesan synod, of the provincial synod, and of the Holy See.
Bishop Marco de Rama (1690–1709) presided over a diocesan synod in Crotone on 9 July 1693.[8]
A diocesan synod was held by Bishop Gaetano Costa (1723–1753) in the cathedral of Crotone on 5–7 June 1729.[9] Bishop Giuseppe Capocchiani (1774–1788) held a diocesan synod in the cathedral of Cortone on 18 December 1785.[10] On 20 December 1795, Bishop Ludovico Ludovici (1792–1797) held a diocesan synod, whose decrees were published in Naples in 1796.[11]
Bishop Leonardo Todisco Grande (1834–1849) began a general visitation of the institutions of his diocese in 1842,[12] and then presided over a diocesan synod which was held at Crotone on 1–3 June 1845; its constitutions and decrees were published.[13]
Reorganization of 1818
Following the extinction of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy, the Congress of Vienna authorized the restoration of the Papal States and the Kingdom of Naples. Since the French occupation had seen the abolition of many Church institutions in the kingdom, as well as the confiscation of most Church property and resources, it was imperative that Pope Pius VII and King Ferdinand IV reach agreement on restoration and restitution. Ferdinand, however, was not prepared to accept the pre-Napoleonic situation, in which Naples was a feudal subject of the papacy. Lengthy, detailed, and acrimonious negotiations ensued.
In 1818, a new concordat with the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies committed the pope to the suppression of more than fifty small dioceses in the kingdom. In the ecclesiastical province of Reggio, to which the diocese of Cotrone belonged, Pope Pius VII, in the bull De Utiliori of 27 June 1818, chose to suppress the diocese of Isola completely, and assigned its people and territory to the diocese of Cotrone.[14] In the same concordat, the King was confirmed in the right to nominate candidates for vacant bishoprics, subject to the approval of the pope. That situation persisted down until the final overthrow of the Bourbon monarchy in 1860.[15]
Temporary union of three dioceses under one bishop
Changing patterns of settlement and distribution of wealth following World War II had an impact on dioceses which were mostly rural in character. In 1970, the entire diocese of Santa Severina had a Catholic population estimated at 62,000, and was served by 44 priests (1:2000). The diocese of Cariati had some 72,000 Catholics, and 37 priests (1:1945). The diocese of Crotone had an estimated 61,000 Catholics and 37 priests (1:1648).[16] Bishop Orazio Semeraro of Cariata had been transferred to Brindisi in April 1967; Bishop Raimondi of Crotone had died in June 1971. Archbishop Michele Federici of Santa Severina was transferred to Veroli-Frosinone on 23 December 1973, which cleared the way to a reorganization of diocesan resources in Calabria. On 21 December 1973, Pope Paul VI appointed Giuseppe Agostino, who had been the Vicar General of the diocese of Reggio Calabria, Archbishop of Santa Severina and at the same time Bishop of Crotone and Bishop of Cariati, aeque pariter.[17] Cariati was united to the archdiocese of Rossano in 1979, and Santa Severina was united to the archdiocese of Crotone in 1986.
Union of Santa Severina with Crotone
On 18 February 1984, the Vatican and the Italian State signed a new and revised concordat. Based on the revisions, a set of Normae was issued on 15 November 1984, which was accompanied in the next year, on 3 June 1985, by enabling legislation. According to the agreement, the practice of having one bishop govern two separate dioceses at the same time, aeque personaliter, was abolished. Instead, the Vatican continued consultations which had begun under Pope John XXIII for the merging of small dioceses, especially those with personnel and financial problems, into one combined diocese. On 30 September 1986, Pope John Paul II ordered that the dioceses of Crotone and Santa Severina be merged into one diocese with one bishop, with the Latin title Archidioecesis Crotonensis-Sanctae Severinae. The diocese was to be subject to the metropolitan of Reggio-Bova. The seat of the diocese was to be in Crotone, and the cathedral of Crotone was to serve as the cathedral of the merged diocese. The cathedral in Santa Severina was to become a co-cathedral, and the cathedral Chapter was to be a Capitulum Concathedralis. There was to be only one diocesan tribunal, in Crotone, and likewise one seminary, one College of Consultors, and one Priests' Council. The territory of the new diocese was to include the territory of the former dioceses of Crotone and Santa Severina.[18]
Change of metropolitan
Following the Second Vatican Council, and in accordance with the norms laid out in the Council's decree, Christus Dominus chapter 40,[19] major changes were made in the ecclesiastical administrative structure of southern Italy. The provinces of Calabria were addressed by Pope John Paul II in the bull Maiori Christifidelium of 30 January 2001. The dioceses of Cosentina-Bisignano and Catanzaro-Squillace were raised to metropolitan status. Catanzaro-Squillace was assigned the dioceses of Nicastro and Crotone-Santa Severina, which had been suffragan dioceses of the metropolitanate of Reggio-Bova, as its suffragans.[20]
Domenico Graziani (21 Nov 2006 –8 November 2019)[74]
Angelo Raffaele Panzetta (8 November 2019– )
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↑ Ughelli IX, pp. 383-384. Cappelletti, p. 188. This is mythmaking, practiced by most dioceses in Italy, in an effort to connect their founding to the Apostles or Disciples of Jesus Christ. Lanzoni, pp. 10, 342.
↑ Cappelletti, p. 188. Ughelli, p. 383, speaks of six dignities: the Archdeacon, the Deacon, the Archpriest (who acts as Penitentiarius), the Treasurer, and the Primicerius.
↑ Ritzler-Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica V, p. 174, note 1; VI, p. 185.
↑ Bullarii Romani continuatio Tomus 15, p. 7 column 1, "Articulus XXVIII".
↑ Annuario pontificio 1971 (Citta del Vaticano 1971). In the 17th and 18th centuries, the city of Cotrone had a population estimated at 5,000: Ritzler-Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica V, p. 174, note 1; VI, p. 185.
↑ Acta Apostolicae Sedis 79 (Città del Vaticano 1987), pp. 693-696.
↑ Christus Dominus 40. Therefore, in order to accomplish these aims this sacred synod decrees as follows: 1) The boundaries of ecclesiastical provinces are to be submitted to an early review and the rights and privileges of metropolitans are to be defined by new and suitable norms. 2) As a general rule all dioceses and other territorial divisions that are by law equivalent to dioceses should be attached to an ecclesiastical province. Therefore dioceses which are now directly subject to the Apostolic See and which are not united to any other are either to be brought together to form a new ecclesiastical province, if that be possible, or else attached to that province which is nearer or more convenient. They are to be made subject to the metropolitan jurisdiction of the bishop, in keeping with the norms of the common law. 3) Wherever advantageous, ecclesiastical provinces should be grouped into ecclesiastical regions for the structure of which juridical provision is to be made.
↑ Acta Apostolicae Sedis Vol. 93 (Città del Vaticano 2001), pp. 337-338.
↑ Flavianus is assigned to the time of Pope Vigilius (537–555) by Ughelli, p. 384. But the documents of the time of Pope Vigilius, as Lanzoni (p. 342) points out, show that Iordanes was the Bishop of Croton at the time.
↑ Jordanes attended the Council of Constantinople on 14 August 551 as a representative of Pope Vigilius. Lanzoni, p. 342, no. 1. Kehr, p. 85.
↑ Pope Gregory I (590–604) appointed Bishop Joannes of Squillace as Apostolic Visitor of Crotone after the death of their bishop. Lanzoni, p. 342. Kehr IX, p. 86, no. 1.
↑ Theodosius attended the Roman synod of 642 of Pope Martin I. Ughelli, p. 384. J. D. Mansi (ed.), Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, editio novissima, Tomus X (Florence: A. Zatta 1762), pp. 867, 1166. Kehr, p. 85.
↑ Petrus attended the Roman synod of Pope Agatho in 680, and subscribed the synodal letter sent by the Pope to the Council of Constantinople. Mansi, Tomus XI, pp. 302, 773. Kehr, p. 85.
↑ Theotimus attended the Council of Nicaea in 790. Mansi, XII, p. 993. Kehr, p. 85.
↑ Nicephorus attended the Council of Constantinople of 870. Kehr, p. 85.
↑ Anastasius appears in a diploma of King Roger of Sicily in 1121. Kehr, p. 85.
↑ In 1217, Joannes obtained from Pope Honorius III the privilege of celebrating divine services both in Latin and in Greek. On 1 September 1220, Pope Honorius accepted the resignation, after many requests, of Joannes, so that he could carry out his desire to live a more restricted life (as a monk). Ughelli IX, pp. 384-385. P. Pressutti, Regesta Honorii III Vol. 1 (Rome 1888), p. 442, no. 2667. Eubel I, p. 213. Kamp, p. 957.
↑ Maurus was elected, but his election was disapproved by Pope Innocent IV. Kamp, p. 958.
↑ Nicolaus, who had been a Cleric of the Apostolic Camera (Treasury), became Bishop of Cotrone on 2 September 1254. Pope Clement IV (1265–1268) deprived him of his bishopric and imprisoned him; Nicolaus escaped and fled to Greek territory (Kamp, p. 962, note 47: "Qui propter heresim Grecorum privatus dicitur per Clementem et carceri deputatus, de quo fugit et est cum Grecis, ut dicitur.").He was present at the Second Council of Lyon. In August 1275, he was excommunicated by Pope Gregory X and imprisoned. He died between 2 October and 21 November 1276, at Viterbo. He had not returned to his diocese. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica I, p. 213. Valente, pp. 47-49. Paolo Sambin (1954). Il vescovo cotronese Niccolò da Durazzo: e un inventario di suoi codici latini e greci (1276). Roma: Ed. di Storia e Letteratura. p.8. Kamp, pp. 958–963.
↑ Pope Clement IV died in November 1268, and nothing could be done about the diocese of Crotone until a new pope had been crowned, which did not occur until March 1273. The priest Sellectus, a Canon of the cathedral Chapter of Crotone, had been appointed Procurator of the Church of Crotone by 1269. He was later promoted to the dignity of Cantor, and served as Sub-collector for the crusade tax in Calabria. Kamp, p. 963.
↑ Guilelmus was appointed by Pope Clement VI on 17 February 1346. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica I, p. 213.
↑ Nicolaus was appointed by Clement VI on 5 November 1348. Ughelli IX, p. 385. Eubel I, p. 213.
↑ Bernardus was appointed on 25 January 1358 by Pope Innocent VI. Ughelli IX, pp. 385-386. Eubel I, p. 213.
↑ Joannes was elected, and provided by Pope Urban V. Eubel I, p. 213.
↑ Rainaldus held the degree of bachelor of canon law, and had been Archdeacon of Taranto. He was named Bishop of Cortone by Pope Gregory XI on 11 August 1372. Eubel I, p. 213.
↑ Antonius was a native of Spoleto, and a cleric of the diocese of Umbriatico. He was appointed by Boniface IX on 18 August 1402. Ughelli IX, p. 386. Eubel I, p. 213.
↑ Laurentius had been appointed by Gregory XII, who had been excommunicated and deposed by the Council of Pisa in June 1410. Eubel I, p. 213.
↑ Giordano de Lovello had been Archdeacon of Crotone. He was appointed bishop by Pope Martin V on 12 September 1427. Ughelli, p. 386. Eubel I, p. 213.
↑ Galeazzo had been a Canon of Cosenza. He was named bishop of Cortone by Pope Eugenius IV on 27 January 1440. Ughelli IX, p. 386. Eubel II, p. 138.
↑ Cruchetus de Monte S. Pietro had previously been Bishop of Isola (1437–1444). He was transferred to the diocese of Crotone by Pope Eugenius IV on 27 January 1444. He died in 1457. Ughelli IX, p. 386. Eubel II, pp. 138, 168.
↑ On 23 February 1508 Della Valle was transferred to the diocese of Mileto by Pope Julius II. Eubel II, p. 139 with note 6.
↑ Aguirre was a cleric of Toledo (Spain), and held the degree of Doctor in utroque iure. He was appointed Bishop of Cotrone in the papal Consistory of 10 December 1557 by Pope Paul IV. In 1562 and 1563 he attended and spoke at the Council of Trent. On 15 November 1564 Aguirre was transferred to the diocese of Tropea by Pope Pius IV. Ughelli, p. 387. Eubel III, p. 180.
↑ A native of Naples, Majorana was nominated Bishop of Crotone by King Philip II, and approved in Consistory by Gregory XIII on 6 October 1578. On 13 November 1581 Maiorana was appointed Bishop of Acerra by Pope Innocent IX. Eubel III, p. 180.
↑ A native of Messina and a doctor of theology, Faraoni had been Bishop of Massa Lubrense (1573–1581). He was nominated Bishop of Crotone by King Philip II, and preconised (approved) by Pope Sixtus V on 26 November 1581. He died in 1588. Eubel III, p. 180; 228 with note 7.
↑ A native of Caiazzo, Bolognini had previously been Bishop of Lanciano (1579–1588). He was transferred to the diocese of Crotone on 3 October 1588 by Pope Sixtus V. On 7 January 1591 Bolognini was appointed Archbishop of Salerno by Pope Gregory XIV. He died on 25 February 1605. Ughelli, p. 388. Eubel III, p. 180; 218 with note 9; 289.
↑ De' Corti was a nobleman from Cava, and a priest of the diocese of Naples. He held the degree of Doctor in utroque iure. He was nominated by King Philip II, and preconised (approved) by Pope Clement VIII on 13 November 1591. He died after a reign of three years. Cappelletti, p.
↑ Lopez had been Abbot Commendatory of the Basilian monastery of S. Angelo in the diocese of Reggio. He was appointed Bishop of Cotrone on 5 June 1595 by Pope Clement VIII. On 15 November 1598 López was appointed Bishop of Monopoli (1598–1608). Ughelli pp. 388–389. Gauchat, Hierarchia catholica IV, page 166 with note 2; 246.
↑ A native of Naples and brother of Marchese Alessandro di Achaia, Delli Monti was nominated bishop of Cotrone by King Philip II, and approved by Pope Clement VIII on 17 February 1599. He died on 4 December 1608. Ughelli IX, pp. 388-389. Gauchat IV, p. 166 with note 3.
↑ A native of the diocese of Seville (Hispalis) in Spain, he was a doctor of theology and a Canon of the cathedral Chapter of Tuy (Tudensis) in Spain. He served as Visitor General of the bishop of Segovia. Cabeza de Vaca was a follower of Cardinal Antonio Zapata y Cisneros, who was Viceroy of Naples from 1620 to 1622. He was named Bishop of Cortone on 24 November 1623 by Pope Paul V. He took possession of the diocese in April 1624. He died in December 1625. Ughelli, p. 389. Gauchat IV, p. 166.
↑ Nicephorus Comnenus was born in Naples, the son of the Despot of Aenus, of the imperial Byzantine dynasty of the Comneni. He studied in Rome at the College of S. Athanasius of the Greeks. Pope Paul V sent him to the east as pro-Legate, where he was able to bring two of the Patriarchs of Constantinople into union with the western church. In recognition of his successes during twelve years of residence in Constantinople, he was named Archbishop of Naxos by the pope. He was nominated Bishop of Cotrone by King Philip IV of Spain on 13 December 1626, and confirmed by Pope Urban VIII on 29 May 1628. He was also a member of the Royal Council of Naples. He died on 5 February 1635. Ughelli IX, pp. 389-392. Gauchat, p. 166; 253, note 5.
↑ Guardia was born in Naples in 1666. He held the degree of Doctor in utroque iure from the Sapienza in Rome. He was parish priest of the cathedral of Naples and Almoner. He was nominated Bishop of Cotrone by King Philip and preconised by Pope Clement XI on 4 February 1715. He died in Cotrone in October 1718. Ughelli IX, p. 393. Ritzler-Sefrin V, p. 174 with note 4.
↑ De la Peña, a master of theology, had been Abbot of S. Martin in Madrid. He was approved as Bishop of Crotone by Pope Clement XI on 2 October 1719. On 27 September 1723 De la Peña was transferred to the diocese of Agrigento (Girgenti, Sicily), upon nomination by the Emperor as King of Naples, and approval of Pope Innocent XIII. He died on 4 August 1729. Ritzler-Sefrin V, pp. 73 with note 5; 174 with note 5.
↑ Born in Oporto (Portugal) in 1680, Costa served as a lecturer in arts in houses of his order, and served as a missionary in Constantinople. He was nominated Bishop of Crotone by the Emperor Charles VI in his capacity as King of Naples, and preconised (approved) by Pope Innocent XIII on 22 November 1723. He died in Crotone on 26 January 1753. Ritzler-Sefrin V, p. 174 with note 6.
↑ On 3 January 1757 Zicari was transferred to the diocese of Reggio Calabria by Pope Benedict XIV. Ritzler-Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica VI, p. 185 with note 2.
↑ Capocchiani: Ritzler-Sefrin VI, p. 185 with note 5.
↑ Ludovici was named Bishop of Crotone by Pope Pius VI on 26 March 1792, and consecrated a bishop in Rome on 9 April by Cardinal Luigi Valenti Gonzaga. On 18 December 1797, with the recommendation of the King of Naples, Ludovici was transferred by Pope Pius VI to the diocese of Policastro. Ritzler-Sefrin VI, p. 185 with note 6. André Chapeau, Charles N. Bransom Jr., "Franciscan Bishops,"Franciscan Studies Vol. 47 (1987), pp. 287-372, at p. 319-320, no. 261.
↑ Donato Nicola Vincenzo Zaccaria Boccardi was born at Sicignano (Capaccio) in 1760. He was named Bishop of Crotone on 18 May 1829by Pope Pius VIII, and consecrated a bishop in Rome on 26 May by Cardinal Carlo Odescalchi. He died on 7 April 1833. André Chapeau, Charles N. Bransom Jr., "Franciscan Bishops,"Franciscan Studies Vol. 49 (1989), pp. 175-254, at pp. 186-187, no. 53.
↑ Todisco Grande was a native and a priest of Bisceglie. He held a doctorate in theology. He was a Canon of Bisceglie. He was Vicar General of Lacedonia, and Vicar Capitular during a Sede vacante. He was confirmed as Bishop of Crotone by Pope Gregory XVI on 20 January 1834. On 20 April 1849 Todisco Grande was confirmed as Bishop of Ascoli Satriano e Cerignola by Pope Gregory XVI, on the nomination of the King of the Two Sicilies. Ritzler-Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica VII, p. 165; VIII, p. 125.
↑ Lembo was born at San Marco la Católa (Lucera) in 1806. He was named Bishop of Crotone on 23 March 1860 by Pope Pius IX, and consecrated in Rome on 22 April by Cardinal Girolamo d'Andrea. He died on 24 June 1883. André Chapeau, Charles N. Bransom Jr., "Franciscan Bishops,"Franciscan Studies Vol. 47 (1987), pp. 287-372, at p. 329, no. 320.
Valente, G. (1949). Diocesi e vescovi di Crotone. Crotone, 1949. (in Italian)
External links
Benigni, Umberto. "Cotrone."The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 4. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. Retrieved: 28 October 2019
Acknowledgment
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Cotrone". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
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