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The Romani people, also referred to as the Roma, are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group that primarily lives in Europe. The Romani may have migrated from what is the modern Indian state of Rajasthan, migrating to the northwest around 250 BC. Their subsequent westward migration out of India is believed to have occurred in waves, beginning in the 5th century. It has been suggested that a wave of emigration from India may have taken place during the raids by Mahmud of Ghazni. As these soldiers were defeated, they were moved west with their families into the Byzantine Empire.
The Romani flag or the flag of the Roma is the international ethnic flag of the Romani people, historically known as "Gypsies", which form a stateless minority in countries across Eurasia, Africa, the Americas, and Australasia. It was approved by the representatives of various Romani communities at the first and second World Romani Congresses (WRC), in 1971 and 1978. The flag consists of a background of blue and green, representing the heavens and earth, respectively; it also contains a 16-spoke red dharmachakra, or cartwheel, in the center. The latter element stands for the itinerant tradition of the Romani people and is also an homage to the flag of India, added to the flag by scholar Weer Rajendra Rishi. It superseded a number of tribal emblems and banners, several of which evoked claims of Romani descent from the Ancient Egyptians.
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Doms in Tunisia speak the Domari language. They immigrated to the territory of the present day Tunisia from South Asia, particularly from India, in Byzantine times. Dom and Nawar people self-segregated themselves for centuries from the dominant culture of Tunisia, who view Romani as dishonorable though clever. Historically, Gypsies in Tunisia have provided musical entertainment as weddings and other celebrations. The Romani people or Gypsies in Tunisia include subgroups like Nawar, Halebi and Ghagar.
There is an important community of Romani people in Colombia consisting 8000 Colombians of Romani descent and are scattered throughout the country. In 1999, the Colombian government recognized the Romani people as one of Colombia’s ethnic minorities, so they can access educational, health and legal convenience. Thus, the Romani language has remained to be recognized as a minority language.
Aparna Rao was a German anthropologist who performed studies on social groups in Afghanistan, France, and some regions of India. Her doctorate studies focused on anthropogeography, ethnology, and Islamic studies. Rao taught anthropology at the University of Cologne, serving for a brief time as chair of the Department of Ethnology at the South Asia Institute of Heidelberg University, Germany.
References
- ↑ Peoples on the Move: Introducing the Nomads of the World. By David J. Phillips
- ↑ Kristel Amellal & Karine Michel, 2013, IMPLANTATION DES POPULATIONS TSIGANES DANS LES BOUCHES-DU-RHONE ET PATRIMOINE INTERCULTUREL, pp. 16-18
- ↑ D. U. Ratcliffe, "Spanish Gypsies in Algiers", Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society ser.3 v.11-12 1932/1933, p.
- ↑ "Le Parisien, 3 September 2009, Le premier Gitan chez les Bleus
- ↑ Dom of North Africa: An Overview, C.F. Thomas, Kuri 1:1, January 2000 (Dom Research Center)
- ↑ Peoples on the Move: Introducing the Nomads of the World. By David J. Phillips
- ↑ Berland, Joseph C. (2004). Customary Strangers: New Perspectives on Peripatetic Peoples in the Middle East, Africa, and Asia. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger Publishers. ISBN 0-89789-771-4 . Retrieved 2013-10-28.
- ↑ E. Gauthier, 1909, Magie et religion en Afrique du Nord , pp. 43-44.