Ropalopus insubricus is a species within the genus Ropalopus. It is characterized by its distinct morphological features.[1] The species measures between 14mm (0.55in) and 31mm (1.22in) in length, it is identified by densely reticulated elytra lacking wrinkles in the basal half.[3][4] The pronotum is unevenly tapered, featuring a large rhomboid area with slight punctation.[4] In males, the lustrous pronotum contrasts with other subspecies, and the antennae are notably longer than the elytra.[4] Pronotum stains are characterized by deeper punctation, narrow irregularities, and a non-merging pattern.[4]Ropalopus insubricus is diurnal, with the species being particularly active during the warm daylight hours. [5]
Female
Male
Life cycle
The life cycle of the Ropalopus insubricus beetle species spans 2 to 3 years. Adult beetles emerge ready to fly between May and August.[6][7] The larvae of Ropalopus insubricus undergo development in damaged sections of living trees, pupating in the heartwoods under the bark.[2][4][7] Observed variations in the pronotum and elytra shape, as well as the distinct body coloration, within the same population are likely a result of larval development and pupation occurring under the bark and inside the wood of living trees, exposing the immature stages to different pressures.[4]
Distribution and habitat
Ropalopus insubricus, classified as an obligate saproxylic species, demonstrates a strong dependence on decaying wood throughout its life stages.[2] Preferring mountainous environments, this species is prevalent from northern Italy through Slovakia to Hungary and the Balkans, extending into westernmost Turkey.[2][4][8] The species is extremely rare only having two recorded occurrences in Turkey over the past 114 years.[9] Host trees, particularly broad-leaved species such as Acer, Ficus, Fraxinus, Alnus, and Fagus, play a crucial role in supporting the life cycle of this species.[2]
Ropalopus insubricus exhibits a degree of adaptability beyond montane habitats, as evidenced by its presence on road verges or Ficus plantations.[2] Suspected to require a warm climate at low altitude for optimal development, Ropalopus insubricus is distributed across more temperate regions of Europe.[2]Ropalopus insubricus can only be found at elevations lower than 600 meters (1968.5 feet) above sea level.[4]
Conservation status
Ropalopus insubricus is classified as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List due to the rarity of the species.[2] Deforestation and forest fragmentation are contributing factors to its classification.[2]
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