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Proteobacteria is a major phylum of Gram-negative bacteria. They include a wide variety of pathogenic genera, such as Escherichia, Salmonella, Vibrio, Helicobacter, Yersinia, Legionellales, and many others. Others are free-living (nonparasitic) and include many of the bacteria responsible for nitrogen fixation.
In taxonomy, Ruegeria is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae. This genus was formerly known as the marine Agrobacterium before they were reclassified in 1998. It bears in fact the name of Hans-Jürgen Rüger, a German microbiologist, for his contribution to the taxonomy of marine species of Agrobacterium.
Nitrobacter is a genus comprising rod-shaped, gram-negative, and chemoautotrophic bacteria. The name Nitrobacter derives from the Latin neuter gender noun nitrum, nitri, alkalis; the Ancient Greek noun βακτηρία, βακτηρίᾱς, rod. They are non-motile and reproduce via budding or binary fission. Nitrobacter cells are obligate aerobes and have a doubling time of about 13 hours.
The Gemmatimonadetes are a phylum of bacteria established in 2003. The phylum contains two classes Gemmatimonadetes and Longimicrobia.
The Class Gammaproteobacteria belongs to the Proteobacteria phylum and contains about 250 genera, which makes it the most genera-rich taxa of the Prokaryotes. Several medically, ecologically, and scientifically important groups of bacteria belong to this class. It is composed by all Gram-negative microbes and is the most phylogenetically and physiologically diverse class of Proteobacteria. The word Gammaproteobacteria comes from three Greek words: the Greek letter "gamma" (γ) meaning "changeable", the word proteakos (πρωτεϊκός) "little stick", and βακτήριον, that means "bacterium", so it means "changeable little stick bacterium". The name refers to Proteus, the Greek sea god who could change his shape. These microorganisms can live in several terrestrial and marine environments, in which they play various important roles, including extreme environments like the hydrothermal vents. They generally have different shapes, like rods, curved rods, cocci, spirilla, and filaments and include free living bacteria, biofilm formers, commensals and symbionts, some also have the distinctive trait of being bioluminescent. Metabolisms found in the different genera are very different; there are both aerobic and anaerobic species, chemolithoautotrophics, chemoorganotrophics, photoautotrophs and heterotrophs.
Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus is a species of Proteobacteria found in sea water which are able to degrade hydrocarbons. The cells are rod-shaped and motile by means of a single polar flagellum.
Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (AAPBs) are alphaproteobacteria and gammaproteobacteria that are obligate aerobes that capture energy from light by anoxygenic photosynthesis. Anoxygenic photosynthesis is the phototrophic process where light energy is captured and stored as ATP. The production of oxygen is non-existent and, therefore, water is not used as an electron donor. They are widely distributed marine plankton that may constitute over 10% of the open ocean microbial community. They can be particularly abundant in oligotrophic conditions where they were found to be 24% of the community. Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria are photoheterotrophic (phototroph)microbes that exist in a variety of aquatic environments. Photoheterotrophs, are heterotrophic organisms that use light to produce energy, but are unable to utilize carbon dioxide as their primary carbon source. Most are obligately aerobic, meaning they require oxygen to grow. One remarkable aspect of these novel bacteria is that they, unlike other similar bacteria, are unable to utilize BChl (bacteriochlorophyll) for anaerobic growth. The only photosynthetic pigment that exists in AAPB is BChl a. Anaerobic phototrophic bacteria, on the contrary, can contain numerous species of photosynthetic pigments like bacteriochlorophyll a, b, c, d, e, f, etc. There is still a large void in the areas regarding the abundance and genetic diversity of the AAPB, as well as the environmental variables that regulate these properties.
Polynucleobacter is a genus of Proteobacteria, originally established by Heckmann and Schmidt (1987) to exclusively harbor obligate endosymbionts of ciliates belonging to the genus Euplotes.
The species of the genus Aquabacterium are motile, rod-shaped, Gram-negative, oxidase-positive, catalase-negative bacteria which were isolated from drinking water biofilms in Berlin. Identified species include Aquabacterium citratiphilum, Aquabacterium parvum, and Aquabacterium commune. Three bacterial strains isolated from biofilms of the Berlin drinking water system were characterized with respect to their morphological and physiological properties and their taxonomic position. Phenotypically, the bacteria investigated were motile, Gram-negative rods, oxidase-positive and catalase-negative, and contained polyalkanoates and polyphosphate as storage polymers. They displayed a microaerophilic growth behaviour and used oxygen and nitrate as electron acceptors, but not nitrite, chlorate, sulfate, or ferric iron. The substrates metabolized included a broad range of organic acids, but no carbohydrates at all. The three species can be distinguished from each other by their substrate use, ability to hydrolyse urea and casein, cellular protein patterns, and growth on nutrient-rich media, as well as their temperature, pH, and NaCl tolerances. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison, revealed that the isolates are affiliated to the beta 1-subclass of Proteobacteria. The isolates constitute three new species with internal levels of DNA relatedness ranging from 44.9 to 51.3%. It is proposed that a new genus, Aquabacterium gen. nov., should be created, including Aquabacterium citratiphilum sp. nov., Aquabacterium parvum sp. nov., and Aquabacterium commune sp. nov. The type species of the new genus is Aquabacterium commune.
Psychrobacter jeotgali is a species of bacteria named after jeotgal, a traditional Korean fermented seafood, where it was first isolated. It is a Gram-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, and moderately halophilic coccus. The type strain is YKJ-103T.
Sphingopyxis granuli is a bacterium. It is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium. Its type strain is Kw07T.
Roseovarius tolerans is a species of bacteria, the type species of its genus. It is a budding bacterium with variable bacteriochlorophyll a production. It is Gram-negative, aerobic, contains storage granules and can be motile. The type strain is EL-172T.
Aurantimonas coralicida is a gram-negative bacterium, and a causative agent of white plague in Caribbean corals. It is rod-shaped, with polar flagella.
Psychrobacter is a genus of Gram-negative, osmotolerant, oxidase-positive, psychrophilic or psychrotolerant, aerobic bacteria which belong to the family Moraxellaceae and the class Gammaproteobacteria. The shape is typically cocci or coccobacilli. Some of those bacteria were isolated from humans and can cause humans infections such as endocarditis and peritonitis. This genus of bacteria is able to grow at temperatures between −10 and 42 °C. Rudi Rossau found through DNA-rRNA hybridization analysis that Psychrobacter belongs to the Moraxellaceae. The first species was described by Juni and Heym. Psychrobacter occur in wide range of moist, cold saline habitats, but they also occur in warm and slightly saline habitats.
Roseococcus thiosulfatophilus is a species of bacterium, the type species of its genus.
Erythromicrobium ramosum is a species of bacterium, the type species of its genus.
Roseivivax halodurans is a species of bacteria, the type species of its genus. It is aerobic and bacteriochlorophyll-containing, first isolated from the charophytes on the stromatolites of a saline lake located on the west coast of Australia. It is chemoheterotrophic, Gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped and with subpolar flagella. Its type strain is OCh 239T.
Roseivivax halotolerans is a species of bacteria. It is aerobic and bacteriochlorophyll-containing, first isolated from the epiphytes on the stromatolites of a saline lake located on the west coast of Australia. It is chemoheterotrophic, Gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped and with subpolar flagella. Its type strain is OCh 210T.
Roseomonas ludipueritiae is a species of Gram negative, strictly aerobic, coccobacilli-shaped, pale yellow-colored bacteria. It was first isolated from a children's day care center in 1995. Further work on the isolate led to the proposal of a new genus and species, Teichococcus ludipueritiae in 2003. Further work on T. ludipueritiae found that the species belonged in the genus Roseomonas, and also led to Muricoccus roseus being reclassified as Roseomonas rosea. The species name is derived from Latin ludus (garden) and pueritia (boyhood), referring to the kindergarten day care from which the species was first isolated.
Thioflavicoccus is a Gram-negative, obligately phototrophic, strictly anaerobic and motile genus of bacteria from the family of Chromatiaceae with one known species.
References
- ↑ "Genus Roseateles". List of Prokaryotic Names with Standing in Nomenclature. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
- ↑ "Strain Passport DSM 11813 Roseateles depolymerans". StrainInfo. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
- ↑ Suyama, T.; Shigematsu, T.; Takaichi, S.; Nodasaka, Y.; Fujikawa, S.; Hosoya, H.; Tokiwa, Y.; Kanagawa, T.; Hanada, S. (1999). "Roseateles depolymerans gen. nov., sp. nov., a new bacteriochlorophyll a-containing obligate aerobe belonging to the subclass of the Proteobacteria". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 49 (2): 449–57. doi: 10.1099/00207713-49-2-449 . PMID 10319464.
