Round whipray | |
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Chondrichthyes |
Subclass: | Elasmobranchii |
Superorder: | Batoidea |
Order: | Myliobatiformes |
Family: | Dasyatidae |
Genus: | Maculabatis |
Species: | M. pastinacoides |
Binomial name | |
Maculabatis pastinacoides (Bleeker, 1852) | |
Synonyms | |
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The round whipray (Maculabatis pastinacoides) is a species of stingray within the family Dasyatidae. [2] Populations of round whipray are primarily located in the Malay Archipelago, more specifically, parts of Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, and Thailand. There is also the possibility this species of stingray exists in areas of Bangladesh and Sri Lanka as well. [3] In 2004, the round whipray was assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List and determined to be a vulnerable species. [4] The most recent assessment in 2020 has determined this species to now be endangered. While there is no data accumulated to identify the population size of round whiprays specifically, data collected regarding similar whipray species from fisheries in the Malay Archipelago area, indicate a decline in the population of round whiprays. [3]
The round whipray prefers to live close to the floor in the Indo-Pacific Ocean. They can be found on surface waters all the way down to a maximum depth of 60 m (200 ft). [3]
Round whiprays give birth to live young, with the size at birth of their offspring ranging from 15–16 cm (5.9–6.3 in) in disc width. Male round whiprays reach maturity once they are 43–46 cm (17–18 in) in disc width, whereas females are not considered mature until they are roughly 58 cm (23 in) in disc width. [3] An adult round whipray can reportedly reach a maximum size of 86 cm (34 in) in disc width. Round whiprays reproduce by pairing with embrace. [2] This species has the potential of reproducing only one pup per litter, with each generation of round whipray living for about 20 years. [3]
Round whiprays are bycatch in large- and small-scale fisheries. While there are no conservation efforts towards the preservation and or restoration of round whiprays, there are measures in place to limit large fisheries from over harvesting. This in turn could help round whiprays that are captured as a byproduct of fishing operations in the area have a chance to recover in their populations. [3]
The scaly whipray or Bengal whipray, is a species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae, found in the tropical Indo-West Pacific oceans from the Red Sea and Mauritius to Indonesia. Its width is up to 22 cm (8.7 in), and it may reach 65 cm in total length.
The Japanese wobbegong is a carpet shark in the family Orectolobidae of the wobbegong family, found in the tropical western Pacific Ocean from Japan and Korea to Vietnam and the Philippines, between latitudes 43 and 6°N. It reaches a length of 1 m. Japanese wobbegong sharks typically remain motionless during the daytime and are not active hunters. They use camouflage and their electroreceptor pores on their dorsal area to help them sense prey nearby.
The straight-tooth weasel shark, Paragaleus tengi, is a weasel shark of the family Hemigaleidae, found in the tropical western Pacific Ocean. It can reach a length of 88 cm.
The whitefin topeshark is a houndshark of the family Triakidae, found only in the tropical waters of the Philippines between latitudes 20° N and 5° N. They inhabit the coastal areas. They can grow up to a length of 96 cm. Adolescent specimens have dark areas on their caudal fins. The reproduction of this shark is ovoviviparous.
The starspotted smooth-hound is a houndshark of the family Triakidae. It is found in east Asia and in the western Indian Ocean between latitudes 45° N and 10° S, from the surface to a depth of 360 m. The reproduction of this shark is ovoviviparous.
The blackspotted catshark is a catshark of the family Scyliorhinidae. It is found in the waters off the coasts of Japan, Korea, China, and Taiwan between latitudes 39° N and 20° N, at the depths of between 80 and 100 m. It can grow up to 49 cm in length.
The longfin catshark is a catshark of the family Scyliorhinidae found in the western Pacific from Japan to the Philippines, and the East and South China Seas, and the Kyūshū-Palau Ridge, at depths between 530 and 865 m. Its length is up to 48 cm.
The broadmouth catshark is a rare catshark of the family Scyliorhinidae, the holotype and only specimen of which was taken from off Zhujiang in the South China Sea, at a depth of 913 m. Its length is around 38 cm. The broadmouth catshark's reproduction is oviparous. Considering the species is not well known, the threats are not known either but may be deepwater fisheries.
The ocellated angelshark is an angelshark of the family Squatinidae found only from the Taiwan Straits in the western Pacific between latitudes 28 and 22°N and in northern Malaysia. Its length is up to 63 cm.
The slender bamboo shark, Chiloscyllium indicum, is a bamboo shark in the family Hemiscylliidae found in the Indo-West Pacific Oceans between latitudes 40° N and 10° S, and longitude 65° E and 160° E. It is harmless to humans.
The mottled eagle ray is a species of fish in the family Myliobatidae.
The zonetail butterfly ray is a species of fish in the family Gymnuridae. It is found in India, Indonesia, Singapore, and Thailand. Its natural habitats are open seas, shallow seas, subtidal aquatic beds, and estuarine waters.
The flapnose ray or Javanese cownose ray is a species of fish in the family Rhinopteridae. It is found in the Indo-Pacific off China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mozambique, Pakistan, the Philippines, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Vietnam and possibly Australia. Its natural habitats are open seas, shallow seas, subtidal aquatic beds, coral reefs, estuarine waters, and coastal saline lagoons.
The whitespotted whipray or sharpnose stingray is a species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae. It is found in coastal regions including estuaries, in the Indo-Pacific, and has also been recorded in the Ganges River. It reaches a maximum disc width of 2 m (6.6 ft). As presently defined, it is probably a species complex.
The tubemouth whipray is a little-known species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae, named for its distinctive, highly protrusible jaws. It is found in shallow, brackish water near mangrove forests and large river mouths along the coasts of southwestern Borneo and southern Sumatra. Measuring up to 1 m (3.3 ft) across, this species has a diamond-shaped pectoral fin disc with an elongated, pointed snout and broadly rounded outer corners. The upper surface of the disc is a plain grayish or brownish in color, and covered by small, flattened dermal denticles. The tubemouth whipray is relatively common at present, but is heavily pressured by habitat degradation and coastal fisheries. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has listed it as Vulnerable.
Himantura alcockii, the pale-spot whip ray, is a species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae. It is found in coastal regions including estuaries, in the Indian Ocean. As presently defined, it is probably a species complex.
The honeycomb whipray is a species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae, found widely in the shallow coastal waters of the Indo-Pacific from India to the Malay Archipelago. This large species grows to 1.3 m (4.3 ft) across and has a diamond-shaped disc with rounded corners and a projecting, pointed snout. Its tail is long and whip-like, without fin folds. Adults have a striking dorsal color pattern consisting of large, dark brown rings and reticulations delineated by thin yellow lines, while juveniles have a pattern of large dark spots. This ray can also be distinguished from its similar relatives by an enlarged, pearl-like dermal denticle at the center of the back, which is followed by a few thorns. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has assessed the honeycomb whipray as endangered, as it faces heavy fishing pressure and habitat degradation across much of its range.
The whitenose whipray is a species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae native to the eastern Indian Ocean and the western central Pacific Ocean, where it is found in shallow water including estuaries.
The Sarawak pygmy swellshark is a species of catshark, belonging to the family Scyliorhinidae. It is found in the benthic zone near the edge of the Pacific continental shelf, at depths of 118–165 m.
Pateobatis bleekeri, commonly known as Bleeker's whipray, is a species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae native to the Indian Ocean, where it is found in shallow coastal waters.
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)