Royal standards of Canada

Last updated

The royal standards of Canada are a set of personal flags used by members of the Canadian royal family to denote the presence of the bearer within any vehicle, building, or area within Canada or when representing Canada abroad. All are based on a escutcheon of the coat of arms of Canada, the arms of dominion of the Canadian monarch.

Contents

The standard of the Canadian monarch's is simply the escutcheon of the coat of arms in banner form. The standards belonging to the Prince of Wales; Princess Anne, Princess Royal; Prince Andrew, Duke of York; and Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh, are differentiated by heraldic labels and roundels with personal identifiers within. A standard with an ermine border is used by remaining royal family members that do not have a personal flag created for use in Canada.

The first standard was created for Queen Elizabeth II in 1962. The current flag for the Canadian monarch was unveiled on 6 May 2023, the day of King Charles III's coronation. The flags are part of a larger collection of Canadian royal symbols. [1]

Current standards

There are several standards created by the Canadian Heraldic Authority to are currently in use by the Canadian monarch, the Prince of Wales, and other members of the Canadian royal family. [2]

Sovereign

Sovereign’s Flag for Canada
Royal Standard of Canada.svg
The Sovereign’s personal Canadian flag
Use Other FIAV 000000.svg
Adopted6 May 2023;18 months ago (2023-05-06)
DesignA quartered field, with three golden lions top left, a red lion rampant surrounded by a double border with fleurs-de-lis top right, a golden harp bottom left, and three gold fleurs-de-lis bottom right. At the base is a sprig of three red maple leaves.

The Sovereign’s Flag for Canada (also called the Sovereign’s personal Canadian flag and Royal Standard of Canada) is the banner of arms of the Royal Coat of Arms of Canada, and is used to denote the presence of the Canadian monarch. The flag consists of the escutcheon of the coat of arms, namely the quartered arms of the kingdoms of England, Scotland, Ireland, and France above three maple leaves on a silver background. The official blazon of the royal arms is: [3]

Tierced in fess the first and second divisions containing the quarterly coat following, namely, 1st, gules three lions passant guardant in pale Or, 2nd, Or a lion rampant within a double tressure flory-counter-flory gules, 3rd, azure a harp Or stringed argent, 4th, azure, three fleurs-de-lis Or, and the third division argent three maple leaves conjoined on one stem proper.

The standard was created by the Canadian Heraldic Authority in 2023 for Charles III in his capacity as King of Canada. The standard was approved shortly after Charles III's ascension in April 2023, and was unveiled on his coronation day, 6 May 2023. [4] [5] The standard is protected under the Trade-marks Act. [6]

Queen Elizabeth II, the monarch preceding King Charles III, had used a personal Canadian standard that incorporated the Canadian banner of arms, charged with her personal badge from 1962 to her death in 2022. However, Elizabeth II's Canadian standard was personal to her, while the Sovereign's Flag was designed for use by Charles III and all future Canadian monarchs. [5]

Prince of Wales

Flag of the Prince of Wales for personal use in Canada
Royal Standard of the Prince of Wales (in Canada).svg
Personal flag of The Prince of Wales for use in Canada
Use Other FIAV 000000.svg
Adopted31 May 2011;13 years ago (2011-05-31)
DesignA banner of the Royal Arms of Canada, charged with the badge of the Prince of Wales at its centre and a three-point white label at its top.

The flag of The Prince of Wales for personal use in Canada is a personal standard that is used to denote the presence of the prince, currently William. Use of the banner of the Royal Arms of Canada in the personal flag symbolizes the Prince of Wales is the heir to the Canadian Crown. [7]

The standard is made up of he banner of arms of Canada, charged with a blue disc or roundel within a wreath of golden maple leaves. The disc features the Prince of Wales' feathers, a symbol commonly used by the heir apparent. The traditional heraldic marker to denote an eldest son is placed near the top of the banner, a three-point white heraldic label. [2] The initial concept for the design was done by Claire Boudreau, the Chief Herald of Canada, with assistance from other heralds of the Canadian Heraldic Authority, [7] and with the co-operation of Buckingham Palace officials. [8]

The Prince of Wales' personal Canadian flag was approved for use by Elizabeth II through Letters Patent dated 31 May 2011, and gazetted in the Canada Gazette on 24 March 2012. [7] The personal standard was unveiled to the public on 29 June 2011, alongside the personal flag for Prince William (then known as the Duke of Cambridge) prior to his 2011 royal tour of Canada. [8]

Other royal family members with personal flags

In addition to the Sovereign and the Prince of Wales, there are several other Canadian royal family members who have a personal Canadian standards made specifically for them by the Canadian Heraldic Authority. As of 2024 this includes Anne, Princess Royal, Prince Andrew, Duke of York, Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh. [2]

These personal flags follow a standard pattern similar to the Prince of Wales' Canadian standard unveiled in 2011, consisting of a banner of arms of the Royal Coat of Arms of Canada, differenced by a silver heraldic label and, in the centre, a blue roundel with a border of 24 gold maple leaves. [2] The roundels for these specific personal flags contain the bearer's cypher—the initial of their first name surmounted by a coronet to signify them as children of the monarch. On the labels, all taken from the holder's personal coats of arms, Anne's has a red heart on the centre point and red crosses on the outer points, Andrew's has a blue anchor on the centre point, and Edward's has a Tudor rose on the centre point. The initial concept for these designs were done by Claire Boudreau, the Chief Herald of Canada, with assistance from other heralds of the Canadian Heraldic Authority. [9] [10] [11]

The personal flag for Princess Anne, was approved for use by Queen Elizabeth II on 8 May 2013, while the personal flags for Prince Andrew and Prince Edward were approved by the Queen on 15 May 2014. [9] [10] [11]

Flag for royal family members without personal flags

Flag for Members of the Royal Family for use in Canada
Royal Standard of members of the Canadian Royal Family.svg
Use Other FIAV 000000.svg
Adopted20 December 2014;9 years ago (2014-12-20)
DesignA banner of the Royal Arms of Canada with an ermine border

The flag for members of the royal family for use in Canada is a standard that is used to denote the presence of a members of the royal family who does not have their own personal Canadian flag to use. [12] [13]

The flag includes the banner of the Royal Arms of Canada surrounded by an ermine border, a design element also seen on British standards that are used by royal family members without personal flags. The initial concept for the design was done by Claire Boudreau, the Chief Herald of Canada, with assistance from other heralds of the Canadian Heraldic Authority. [13]

The flag for members of the royal family for use in Canada was approved for use by Elizabeth II on 20 December 2014, and was gazetted in the Canada Gazette on 3 October 2015. [13]

Use and protocol

Queen Elizabeth II's Canadian standard flies from the flagpole on the Peace Tower while she attended Canada Day festivities on Parliament Hill, 2010 Queen Elizabeth's Personal Canadian Flag at Parliament Hill.jpg
Queen Elizabeth II's Canadian standard flies from the flagpole on the Peace Tower while she attended Canada Day festivities on Parliament Hill, 2010

As the monarch is the personification of the Canadian state, their banner takes precedence above all other flags in Canada, including the national flag and those of the other members of the Canadian royal family. [14] [15]

However, the Sovereign's Flag for Canada is usually only employed when he is in Canada or is attending an event abroad as the Canadian head of state; for example, the flag will be unfurled at Juno Beach in France when the sovereign is present there for commemorations of the Normandy Landings. The flag must be broken immediately upon the sovereign's arrival and fly day and night [14] until lowered directly after the King's departure from any building, ship, aircraft (not in the air), or other space or vehicle. [15] [16]

No other person may use the flag; the King's federal representative, the governor general, possesses a unique personal flag, as does each of the monarch's provincial viceroys. Flags are kept at the King's Ottawa residence, Rideau Hall, and supplied to Department of Canadian Heritage royal visit staff by the household staff prior to the King's arrival. [15]

The Sovereign's Flag of Canada flying outside Government House, Halifax, for King Charles III's coronation. The standard was raised even though he was absent from that location. Sovereign's Flag for Canada.jpg
The Sovereign's Flag of Canada flying outside Government House, Halifax, for King Charles III's coronation. The standard was raised even though he was absent from that location.

Protocol is sometimes, though rarely, officially broken. On 9 August 1902, the day of the coronation of King Edward VII, the monarch's royal standard (then the same in Canada as in the United Kingdom) was raised on a temporary flag pole at His Majesty's Dockyard in Halifax, Nova Scotia. [17] Similarly, for the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II on 2 June 1953, the sovereign's royal standard was broken atop the Peace Tower on Parliament Hill in Ottawa. [17] Sixty years later, on 6 February 2012, the Queen's personal standard for Canada was unfurled at Rideau Hall and Parliament Hill, as well as at other legislatures across the country to mark the monarch's diamond anniversary of her accession to the throne; [18] permission to do so was granted by the Queen. [19]

When Police Service Horse Burmese was presented to Queen Elizabeth II by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police on 28 April 1969, she requested that Burmese perform in the Royal Windsor Horse Show and have the rider carry the Queen's royal standard on the lance, instead of the usual red and white pennon, thus allowing Elizabeth to easily follow Burmese's performance. [20]

History

The vehicle used to carry King George VI and Queen Elizabeth flying the British royal standard atop his windshield during the 1939 royal tour of Canada. King George VI and Queen Elizabeth arrive at the Saskatchewan Provincial Legislature... Le roi George VI et la reine Elizabeth arrivent a l'Assemblee legislative de la Saskatchewan... (34022285310).jpg
The vehicle used to carry King George VI and Queen Elizabeth flying the British royal standard atop his windshield during the 1939 royal tour of Canada.

Prior to the adoption of the Canadian royal standards, members of the royal family who toured Canada used the royal standard they employed when in the United Kingdom; although, for the 1860 tour undertaken in 1860 by Prince Albert Edward, Prince of Wales (the future King Edward VII), he used the banner of his mother, Queen Victoria. [17] after 1931, each of those standards took on a dual role of representing a member of either the British or the Canadian royal family, depending on the context.

Queen Elizabeth II's personal Canadian flag was the first Canadian-specific standard. It was used from 1962 to 2022. Royal standard of Canada (1962-2022).svg
Queen Elizabeth II's personal Canadian flag was the first Canadian-specific standard. It was used from 1962 to 2022.

Elizabeth II was the first Canadian monarch to use a standard for her role as Queen of Canada. Adopted in 1962, it is made up of the banner of arms with the Queen's personal device in the centre—a blue roundel with a border of gold roses, containing within it a capital E surmounted by a crown. [21] It was added to the Canadian Heraldic Authority's Public Register of Arms, Flags, and Badges on 15 March 2005. [21] Nathan Tidridge argued the introduction of this standard set red and white as the national colours of Canada. [22] However, there is debate over whether the proclamation of the coat of arms in 1921 determined Canada's national colours. [23]

The next two personal flags were created for Charles, then-Prince of Wales, and William, then-Duke of Cambridge, and were revealed on 29 June 2011. [24] [25] The creation of the flags made Canada the second Commonwealth realm, after the United Kingdom, to adopt unique flags for members of the royal family. [26]

William's flag consisted of the banner of arms with, in the centre, a blue roundel with a border of 12 gold maple leaves alternating with 12 gold scallops and, within this, his cypher—a W surmounted by a coronet of a child of the heir apparent. The label had a red scallop on the centre point. [27] It was first flown from the Canadian Forces airplane that carried him and his wife, Catherine, to Canada in 2011. [28]

The Canadian personal flag of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, from 2011 to 2022. Royal Standard of Prince William in Canada (2011-2022).svg
The Canadian personal flag of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, from 2011 to 2022.

Charles's flag, which is now used by William as Prince of Wales, was first flown from the Royal Canadian Air Force airplane that carried him and his wife, Camilla, to Canada for a royal tour marking the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II in 2012. [29]

Additional personal flags were ceated in subsequent years, with the first use of Princess Royal's banner occuring during her October 2013 visits to CFB Borden and CFB Kingston. Prince Edward's flag was first used on 12 September 2014, during a visit to Government House, British Columbia, with his wife Sophie, as part of a royal tour.

Sean Palmer asserted in the 2018 book, The Canadian Kingdom: 150 Years of Constitutional Monarchy, that, by way of creating the uniquely Canadian standards for members of the royal family other than the monarch, Canada took "'ownership', not only of the Queen of Canada, but, of the other members of her family as well", and that doing so was another formal affirmation of the concept of a Canadian royal family "as distinct as the Queen of Canada is from the Queen of the United Kingdom". [30] Jai Patel and Sally Raudon also noted the following year that the purpose of these heraldic banners was to recognize the owners' roles as members of the Canadian royal family. [26]

Coronation standard

The coronation of monarchs at Westminster Abbey have included standards from of various countries, carried by officials in a procession into the abbey. The flags carried in for the coronations of King George V in 1911, King George VI in 1937, and Queen Elizabeth II in 1953, were the countries' banners of arms. The standard carried in by Canadian officials in 1911 was quartered with the arms of the first four Canadian provinces, [31] [32] while the standard carried in for the 1937 and 1953 coronations was based on the escutcheon of the Canadian coat of arms, as devised in 1921. [33]

The coronation of Charles III saw representatives from the Commonwealth realms carry their respective national flag instead of a banner of arms. [34]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Monarchy of Canada</span>

The monarchy of Canada is Canada's form of government embodied by the Canadian sovereign and head of state. It is one of the key components of Canadian sovereignty and sits at the core of Canada's constitutional federal structure and Westminster-style parliamentary democracy. The monarchy is the foundation of the executive (King-in-Council), legislative (King-in-Parliament), and judicial (King-on-the-Bench) branches of both federal and provincial jurisdictions. The current monarch is King Charles III, who has reigned since 8 September 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Coat of arms of Canada</span>

The coat of arms of Canada, also known as the Royal Coat of Arms of Canada or, formally, as the Arms of His Majesty The King in Right of Canada is the arms of dominion of the Canadian monarch and, thus, also the official coat of arms of Canada. In use since 1921, it is closely modelled after the royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom, with French and distinctive Canadian elements replacing or added to those derived from the British version.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Coat of arms of the United Kingdom</span>

The coat of arms of the United Kingdom, also referred to as the royal arms, are the arms of dominion of the British monarch, currently Charles III. They are used by the Government of the United Kingdom and by other Crown institutions, including courts in the United Kingdom and in some parts of the Commonwealth. Differenced versions of the arms are used by members of the British royal family. The monarch's official flag, the Royal Standard, is the coat of arms in flag form.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Royal Standard of the United Kingdom</span> Flags used by the British monarchy

The royal standard of the United Kingdom is the banner of arms of the monarch of the United Kingdom, currently Charles III. It consists of the monarch's coat of arms in flag form, and is made up of four quarters containing the arms of the former kingdoms of England, Ireland, and Scotland. There are two versions of the banner, one used in Scotland in which the Scottish quarters take precedence, and one used elsewhere in which the English quarters take precedence.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Coat of arms of England</span>

The coat of arms of England is the coat of arms historically used as arms of dominion by the monarchs of the Kingdom of England, and now used to symbolise England generally. The arms were adopted c.1200 by the Plantagenet kings and continued to be used by successive English and British monarchs; they are currently quartered with the arms of Scotland and Ireland in the coat of arms of the United Kingdom. Historically they were also quartered with the arms of France, representing the English claim to the French throne, and Hanover.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Coronet</span> Small crown consisting of ornaments fixed on a metal ring

In British heraldry, a coronet is any crown whose bearer is less than sovereign or royal in rank, irrespective of the crown's appearance. In other languages, this distinction is not made, and usually the same word for crown is used irrespective of rank In this use, the English coronet is a purely technical term for all heraldic images of crowns not used by a sovereign, and implies nothing about the actual shape of the crown depicted. A Coronet is another type of crown, but is reserved for the lower ranks of nobility like Marquesses and Marchionesses, Earls and Countesses, Barons and Baronesses, and some Lords and Ladies. The specific design and attributes of the crown or coronet signifies the hierarchy and ranking of its owner.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Monarchy of New Zealand</span>

The monarchy of New Zealand is the constitutional system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign and head of state of New Zealand. The current monarch, King Charles III, acceded to the throne following the death of his mother, Queen Elizabeth II, on 8 September 2022 in the United Kingdom. The King's elder son, William, Prince of Wales, is the heir apparent.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Royal Banner of Scotland</span> Banner design used in Scotland

The Royal Banner of the Royal Arms of Scotland, also known as the Royal Banner of Scotland, or more commonly the Lion Rampant of Scotland, and historically as the Royal Standard of Scotland, or Banner of the King of Scots, is the royal banner of Scotland, and historically, the royal standard of the Kingdom of Scotland. Used historically by the Scottish monarchs, the banner differs from Scotland's national flag, the Saltire, in that its official use is restricted by an Act of the Parliament of Scotland to only a few Great Officers of State who officially represent the Monarchy in Scotland. It is also used in an official capacity at royal residences in Scotland when the Head of State is not present.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Canadian royal symbols</span> Visual and auditory identifiers of the Canadian monarchy

Canadian royal symbols are the visual and auditory identifiers of the Canadian monarchy, including the viceroys, in the country's federal and provincial jurisdictions. These may specifically distinguish organizations that derive their authority from the Crown, establishments with royal associations, or merely be ways of expressing loyal or patriotic sentiment.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Royal cypher</span> Monogram-like device of a countrys reigning sovereign

In modern heraldry, a royal cypher is a monogram or monogram-like device of a country's reigning sovereign, typically consisting of the initials of the monarch's name and title, sometimes interwoven and often surmounted by a crown. Such a cypher as used by an emperor or empress is called an imperial cypher. In the system used by various Commonwealth realms, the title is abbreviated as 'R' for 'rex' or 'regina'. Previously, 'I' stood for 'imperator' or 'imperatrix' of the Indian Empire.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Queen's Personal New Zealand Flag</span> Personal flag of Elizabeth II as Queen of New Zealand

The Queen's Personal Flag for New Zealand was the personal flag of Elizabeth II in her role as Queen of New Zealand. It was approved for use in 1962, and was used by the Queen when she was in New Zealand. The monarch's Representative, the Governor-General of New Zealand, uses a separate flag.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Monarchy in British Columbia</span> Function of the Canadian monarchy in British Columbia

By the arrangements of the Canadian federation, Canada's monarchy operates in British Columbia as the core of the province's Westminster-style parliamentary democracy. As such, the Crown within British Columbia's jurisdiction is referred to as the Crown in Right of British Columbia, His Majesty in Right of British Columbia, or the King in Right of British Columbia. The Constitution Act, 1867, however, leaves many royal duties in British Columbia specifically assigned to the sovereign's viceroy, the Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia, whose direct participation in governance is limited by the conventional stipulations of constitutional monarchy.

The relationship between the Canadian Crown and the Canadian Armed Forces is both constitutional and ceremonial, with the King of Canada being the commander-in-chief of the Canadian Forces and he and other members of the Canadian royal family holding honorary positions in various branches and regiments, embodying the historical relationship of the Crown with its armed forces. This construct stems from Canada's system of constitutional monarchy and through its 500 years of monarchical history, the relationship symbolically represented through royal symbols, such as crowns on military badges and insignia, coats of arms, royal portraits, and the grant of the royal prefix to various military units and institutions. The role of the Canadian sovereign within the Canadian Armed Forces is established within the Canadian constitution, the National Defence Act, and the King's Regulations and Orders (KR&Os) for the Canadian Forces.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">King's Flag for Australia</span> Flag of the Australian monarch

The King's Flag for Australia is the flag of Charles III in his role as King of Australia. It is used in a similar way as the Royal Standard of the United Kingdom, by signalling the monarch's presence within a building or vehicle in Australia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Flags of Elizabeth II</span>

Queen Elizabeth II had a variety of flags to represent her personally and as head of state of several independent nations around the world. They were usually used on any building, ship, car, or aircraft where she was present.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Royal tours of Canada</span> Tours of Canada by the Canadian Royal Family

Since 1786, members of the Canadian royal family have visited Canada, either as an official tour, a working tour, a vacation, or a period of military service. The first member to visit was the future King William IV in 1786. In 1939, King George VI became the first reigning monarch to tour the country.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Coat of arms of the Prince of Wales</span> Personal coat of arms of the Prince of Wales

The coat of arms of the Prince of Wales is the official personal heraldic insignia of the Princes of Wales, a title traditionally granted to the heir apparent of the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, formerly the Kingdom of Great Britain and before that the Kingdom of England.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Standard of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh</span> Banner of arms

The standard of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, was the personal flag used by Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. It displays his coat of arms and can thus be considered a banner of arms.

King Charles III has and has had a variety of flags to represent him as a prince, duke, and, eventually, head of state of three of his 15 realms; in the latter case, the heraldic flags are the nation's coat of arms in banner form. The flags are usually used on any building, ship, car, or aircraft where Charles is present.

References

  1. ↑ Franco, Guida (2006). Canadian Almanac & Directory 2006. Toronto. p. 3. ISBN   978-1-895021-90-5.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  2. 1 2 3 4 Department of Canadian Heritage (8 November 2017), Canadian flags of the Royal Family, King's Printer for Canada, retrieved 10 October 2023
  3. ↑ Office of the Secretary to the Governor General, Canada, King's Printer for Canada, retrieved 23 October 2023
  4. ↑ "Celebrating His Majesty's Coronation". www.canada.ca. Government of Canada. 18 July 2024. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
  5. 1 2 Office of the Secretary to the Governor General (16 May 2023), Sovereign's Flag for Canada, King's Printer for Canada, retrieved 14 August 2023
  6. ↑ Elizabeth II (2008), Trade-marks Act, 9.1.a, Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada (published 1985), R.S., 1985, c. T-13, archived from the original on 21 September 2013, retrieved 28 October 2009
  7. 1 2 3 "The Prince of Wales". www.gg.ca. Governor General of Canada. Retrieved 24 November 2024.
  8. 1 2 "Prince William's personal flag in Canada revealed". www.cbc.ca. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 24 November 2024.
  9. 1 2 3 Secretary to the Governor General, The Princess Anne, Princess Royal, King's Printer for Canada, retrieved 23 October 2023
  10. 1 2 3 Secretary to the Governor General, The Prince Andrew, Duke of York, King's Printer for Canada, retrieved 23 October 2023
  11. 1 2 3 Secreatry to the Governor General, The Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex, King's Printer for Canada, retrieved 23 October 2023
  12. ↑ Office of the Secretary to the Governor General, Members of the Royal Family, Queen's Printer for Canada, archived from the original on 16 November 2020, retrieved 4 February 2016
  13. 1 2 3 "Members of the Royal Family". www.gg.ca. Governor General of Canada. Retrieved 24 November 2024.
  14. 1 2 Government of Canada (12 October 2018), "The Heritage Structure of the Canadian Forces", The Queen's Personal Canadian Flag, King's Printer for Canada, retrieved 13 April 2023
  15. 1 2 3 Department of Canadian Heritage (13 December 2013). "Ceremonial and Canadian Symbols Promotion > Personal Flags and Standards". Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from the original on 4 March 2012. Retrieved 25 November 2009.
  16. ↑ Office of the Prime Minister of Canada (29 June 2011). "PM Unveils a New Personal Flag for Use in Canada for His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge" (Press release). Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from the original on 18 March 2012. Retrieved 29 June 2011.
  17. 1 2 3 Nova Scotia, The Queen's Personal Canadian Flag, Government of Nova Scotia, retrieved 13 April 2023
  18. ↑ "Manitoba Celebrating Queen's Diamond Jubilee". 6 February 2012. Archived from the original on 31 July 2012. Retrieved 6 February 2012.
  19. ↑ "Canada Kicks off Festivities for Queen's Jubilee". CTV. 6 February 2012. Archived from the original on 18 March 2012. Retrieved 6 February 2012.
  20. ↑ "RCMP and the Monarchy". Scarlet and Gold. RCMP Veterans Association Vancouver Division. 6 September 2012. Archived from the original on 31 July 2022. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
  21. 1 2 Office of the Secretary to the Governor General, Public Register of Arms, Flags, and Badges > Registration of the Flag of Her Majesty the Queen for personal use in Canada, Queen's Printer for Canada, archived from the original on 21 September 2013, retrieved 22 November 2012
  22. ↑ Tidridge, Nathan (2011). Thompson, Allister (ed.). Canada's Constitutional Monarchy. Toronto: Dundurn Press. p. 222. ISBN   9781554889808.
  23. ↑ Pass, Forrest (21 November 2021), Five Myths about the Arms of Canada, Library and Archives Canada, retrieved 1 April 2023
  24. ↑ Office of the Secretary to the Governor General (29 June 2011), New Flags for The Prince of Wales and The Duke of Cambridge, Queen's Printer for Canada, archived from the original on 4 February 2016, retrieved 4 January 2016
  25. ↑ Department of Canadian Heritage (29 June 2011), Harper Government Unveils New Personal Canadian Flags for Their Royal Highnesses The Prince of Wales and the Duke of Cambridge, Canada News Wire, archived from the original on 7 September 2012, retrieved 29 June 2011
  26. 1 2 Patel, Jai; Raudonf, Sally (2019), "Localising the Crown", in Shore, Chris; Williams, David V. (eds.), The Shapeshifting Crown: Locating the State in Post-Colonial New Zealand, Australia, Canada, and the UK, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 210, ISBN   978-1-108-49646-9 , retrieved 12 April 2023
  27. ↑ Office of the Secretary to the Governor General (15 September 2011), Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, Queen's Printer for Canada, archived from the original on 8 February 2022, retrieved 9 September 2022
  28. ↑ Proudfoot, Shannon (30 June 2011), "The Royals Are Here: Will and Kate Start Canadian Tour", The Vancouver Sun, archived from the original on 25 October 2012, retrieved 30 June 2011
  29. ↑ Bissett, Kevin (20 May 2012), Prince Charles, Camilla Arrive in Canada to Begin Royal Tour, CityTV, archived from the original on 23 October 2013, retrieved 1 August 2012
  30. ↑ Palmer, Sean (2018), "The Path to Nationalization: How the Realms Have Made the Monarchy Their Own", in Jackson, Michael D. (ed.), The Canadian Kingdom: 150 Years of Constitutional Monarchy, Toronto: Dundurn Press, p. 210, ISBN   978-1-4597-4118-8 , retrieved 12 April 2023
  31. ↑ "Coronation Standards". The Northern Star. 15 May 1911. p. 5. Archived from the original on 10 September 2022. Retrieved 18 August 2020– via Trove.
  32. ↑ "Coronation of George V: Standard Bearers". Royal Collection Trust. Archived from the original on 16 October 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
  33. ↑ "Australian Standard For Coronation". Advertiser. 23 May 1953. p. 2. Archived from the original on 10 September 2022. Retrieved 18 August 2020– via Trove.
  34. ↑ Coronation Roll
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.